Eugen Jochum |
Eugene Jochum
Umsebenzi ozimele ka-Eugen Jochum awuzange uqale endaweni ethule yedolobha lesifundazwe, njengoba kuvame ukuba njalo ngabaqhubi abasha. Njengomculi oneminyaka engamashumi amabili nane, wabonakala okokuqala neMunich Philharmonic Orchestra futhi waheha abantu ngokushesha, wakhetha umdlalo wakhe wokuqala futhi walingisa kahle i-Seventh Symphony kaBruckner. Sekudlule amashumi eminyaka ambalwa kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kodwa izici zethalente lomdwebi ezavela ngaleso sikhathi zisanquma isiqondiso sobuciko bakhe - ububanzi obubanzi, ikhono "lokubaza" uhlobo olukhulu, isikhumbuzo semibono; futhi umculo kaBruckner wasala ungomunye wamaphuzu aqinile kaJochum.
Ukuqala ngeMunich Orchestra kwandulelwa iminyaka yokufunda e-Academy of Music yedolobha elifanayo. UJochum, engena lapha, wacabanga, ngokwesiko lomndeni, ukuba abe i-ogani kanye nomculi wesonto. Kodwa kwasheshe kwacaca ukuthi ungumqhubi ozelwe. Kamuva kwadingeka asebenze ezindlini ze-opera zamadolobha esifundazwe saseJalimane - iGladbach, iKiel, iMannheim; ekugcineni, uFurtwängler ngokwakhe wamncoma njengomqhubi oyinhloko. Kodwa i-opera ayizange imkhange ngokukhethekile, futhi ngokushesha nje lapho ithuba livela, u-Jochum wakhetha isiteji sekhonsathi kuye. Wasebenza isikhathi esithile eDuisburg, kwathi ngo-1932 waba umholi weBerlin Radio Orchestra. Noma kunjalo, umculi wayevame ukudlala namanye amaqembu amakhulu, kuhlanganise ne-Berlin Philharmonic kanye ne-State Opera. Ngo-1934, uJochum wayesevele engumqhubi owaziwayo, futhi kwenzeka ukuthi wahola impilo yomculo yaseHamburg njengomqhubi omkhulu we-opera house kanye ne-philharmonic.
Isigaba esisha emsebenzini ka-Jochum safika ngo-1948, lapho umsakazo waseBavaria umnika ithuba lokusungula i-orchestra yabaculi abahamba phambili abazikhethele yena. Ngokushesha, iqembu elisha lazuza idumela njengelinye lama-orchestra amahle kakhulu eJalimane, futhi ngokokuqala ngqá lokhu kwaletha udumo olubanzi kumholi walo. UJochum ubamba iqhaza emikhosini eminingi - e-Venice, e-Edinburgh, e-Montreux, evakashela ezinhloko-dolobha zaseYurophu naseMelika. Njengangaphambili, umculi uke adlale ezindlini ze-opera eYurophu naseMelika. Ngemva kokushona kuka-E. van Beinum, kanye no-B. Haitink, uJochum uqondisa umsebenzi weqembu lezinsimbi ezingcono kakhulu laseYurophu - iConcertgebouw.
U-Eugen Jochum ungumlandeli wamasiko othando esikoleni somqhubi waseJalimane. Waziwa kakhulu njengomhumushi ophefumulelwe wama-symphonies amakhulu kaBeethoven, uSchubert, uBrahms noBruckner; indawo ebalulekile encwadini yakhe ibuye ithathwe yimisebenzi kaMozart, uWagner, uR. Strauss. Phakathi kwamarekhodi adumile kaJochum, siphawula iMisa likaMatthew Passion neBach ku-B minor (ngokuhlanganyela kukaL. Marshall, P. Pierce, K. Borg nabanye), i-Eighth Symphony kaSchubert, ekaBeethoven's Fifth, eyesihlanu kaBruckner, ama-symphonies okugcina kanye ne-opera ” Ukuthunjwa kweSeraglio nguMozart. Kubaqambi besimanje, uJochum ukhetha ukwenza imisebenzi yalabo abasondelene nesiko lasendulo: umqambi wakhe amthandayo ngu-K. Orff. UPeru Jochum ungumnikazi wencwadi ethi "On the Peculiarities of Conducting" (1933).
L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, ngo-1969
