Boris Emmanuilovich Khaikin |

Boris Khaikin

Umculi Wabantu we-USSR (1972). U-Khaikin ungomunye wabaqhubi be-opera baseSoviet abavelele. Emashumini eminyaka omsebenzi wakhe wokudala, usebenze ezinkundleni zemidlalo yaseshashalazini ezihamba phambili ezweni.

Ngokushesha ngemva kokuphothula eMoscow Conservatory (1928), lapho afundela khona ukucula no-K. Saradzhev, kanye nopiyano no-A. Gedike, uKhaikin wangena eStanislavsky Opera Theatre. Ngalesi sikhathi, wayesezithathile izinyathelo zakhe zokuqala emkhakheni wokuqhuba, eseqedile ukuqeqeshwa okuwusizo ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukaN. Golovanov (ikilasi le-opera) no-V. Suk (ikilasi le-orchestra).

Kakade ebusheni bakhe, ukuphila kwacindezela umqhubi ngokumelene nenkosi evelele njengoKS Stanislavsky. Ezicini eziningi, izimiso zokudala Khaikin zakhiwa ngaphansi kwethonya lakhe. Ekanye noStanislavsky, walungiselela imidlalo yokuqala ethi The Barber of Seville kanye noCarmen.

Ikhono lika-Khaikin lazibonakalisa ngamandla amakhulu lapho ethuthela e-Leningrad ngo-1936, ethatha indawo ka-S. Samosud njengomqondisi wezobuciko kanye nomqhubi omkhulu we-Maly Opera Theatre. Lapha waba nenhlonipho yokulondoloza nokuthuthukisa amasiko owamandulele. Futhi wabhekana nalo msebenzi, ehlanganisa umsebenzi we-repertoire yakudala ngokukhuthazwa okusebenzayo kwemisebenzi yabaqambi baseSoviet ("I-Virgin Soil Upturned" ka-I. Dzerzhinsky, "Cola Breugnon" ka-D. Kabalevsky, "Umama" ka-V. Zhelobinsky, " I-Mutiny” nguL. Khodja-Einatov).

Kusukela ngo-1943, u-Khaikin uye waba umqhubi oyinhloko kanye nomqondisi wezobuciko we-Opera ne-Ballet Theatre eqanjwe ngo-SM Kirov. Lapha kufanele kukhulunywe ngokukhethekile othintana nabo bokudala bomqhubi no-S. Prokofiev. Ngo-1946, wadlala i-Duenna (I-Betrothal in a Monastery), futhi kamuva wasebenza ku-opera ethi The Tale of a Real Man (umdlalo awuzange uhlelwe; inhlolokhono evaliwe kuphela eyenzeka ngoDisemba 3, 1948). Emisebenzini emisha yababhali baseSoviet, uKhaikin wadlala enkundleni yemidlalo ethi "The Family of Taras" kaD. Kabalevsky, "I-Prince-Lake" ka-I. Dzerzhinsky. Imidlalo ye-Russian classical repertoire - The Maid of Orleans kaTchaikovsky, Boris Godunov kanye noKhovanshchina kaMussorgsky - yaba yizinqola ezinzima zeshashalazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-Khaikin naye wenza njengomqhubi we-ballet (Ubuhle Bokulala, I-Nutcracker).

Isigaba esilandelayo somsebenzi wokudala kaKhaikin sihlotshaniswa neBolshoi Theatre yase-USSR, abe ngumqhubi wayo kusukela ngo-1954. Futhi eMoscow, wanaka kakhulu umculo wamaSoviet (ama-operas "Umama" kaT. Khrennikov, " Jalil" nguN. Zhiganov, i-ballet "Ingoma Yasehlathini" kaG. Zhukovsky). Imisebenzi eminingi ye-repertoire yamanje yenziwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukaKhaikin.

“Isithombe sokudala se-BE Khaikin,” kubhala u-Leo Ginzburg, “siyinqaba kakhulu. Njengomqhubi we-opera, uyingcweti engakwazi ukuhlanganisa idramaturgy yomculo neyeshashalazi. Ikhono lokusebenza nabahlabeleli, i-choir kanye ne-orchestra, ukuphikelela futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo hhayi ngokungenangqondo ukufeza imiphumela ayeyifisa, kwakuhlale kuvusa uzwela lwama-ensembles kuye. Ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu, isiko elihle, ubuciko bomculo obukhangayo kanye nomuzwa wesitayela kwenze ukuthi ukudlala kwakhe kuhlale kuphawuleka futhi kuhlaba umxhwele. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ekuchazeni kwakhe imisebenzi yasendulo yaseRussia neyaseNtshonalanga.

U-Khaikin kwadingeka asebenze emabhayisikobho angaphandle. Udlale uKhovanshchina eFlorence (1963), The Queen of Spades eLeipzig (1964), futhi waqhuba u-Eugene Onegin eCzechoslovakia kanye noFaust eRomania. U-Khaykin naye wenza phesheya njengomqhubi we-symphony (ekhaya, amakhonsathi akhe ayevame ukuqhutshwa eMoscow naseLeningrad). Ikakhulukazi, wabamba iqhaza ohambweni Leningrad Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra e-Italy (1966).

Kusukela maphakathi nawo-thirties waqala umsebenzi wokufundisa uProfessor Khaikin. Phakathi kwabafundi bakhe kukhona abaculi abadumile njengoK. Kondrashin, E. Tons nabanye abaningi.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, ngo-1969