Ukuxhumana phakathi komsindo nombala

Buyini ubuhlobo phakathi kombala nomsindo futhi kungani kunobuhlobo obunjalo?

Kuyamangalisa, kodwa kukhona ubudlelwano obuseduze phakathi komsindo nombala.
Umsindo  ama-harmonic vibrations, ama-frequencies ahlobene njengama-integers futhi abangele imizwa ejabulisayo kumuntu ( ungwaqa ). Ukudlidliza okusondelene kodwa okuhlukile kumafrikhwensi kubangela ukuzwa okungajabulisi ( i-dissonance ). Ukudlidliza komsindo okune-spectra yefrikhwensi eqhubekayo kubonwa ngumuntu njengomsindo.
Ukuvumelana kwazo zonke izinhlobo zokubonakaliswa kwendaba sekukade kuqashelwa abantu. UPythagoras ucabangele izilinganiso zezinombolo ezilandelayo njengomlingo: 1/2, 2/3, 3/4. Iyunithi eyisisekelo okungakalwa ngayo zonke izakhiwo zolimi lomculo i-semitone (ibanga elincane phakathi kwemisindo emibili). Okulula futhi okuyisisekelo kakhulu kuzo isikhawu. Isikhawu sinombala waso kanye nokugqama, kuye ngosayizi waso. Ama-Horizontals (imigqa yomculo) kanye nokuma mpo ( izintambo ) yezakhiwo zomculo zakhiwe ngezikhawu. Yizikhawu eziyiphalethi okutholakala kuyo umsebenzi womculo.

Ake sizame ukuqonda ngesibonelo

Lokho esinakho:

- imvamisa , ikalwa nge-hertz (Hz), ingqikithi yayo, ngamagama alula, ukuthi i-oscillation ivela kangaki ngomzuzwana. Isibonelo, uma ukwazi ukushaya isigubhu ngamabhithi angu-4 ngomzuzwana, lokho kuzosho ukuthi ushaya ku-4Hz.

- ubude begagasi - i-reciprocal of frequency futhi inquma isikhawu phakathi kwama-oscillations. Kunobudlelwano phakathi kwe-frequency kanye ne-wavelength, okungukuthi: imvamisa = isivinini/ubude begagasi. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, i-oscillation ene-frequency engu-4 Hz izoba ne-wavelength engu-1/4 = 0.25 m.

– inothi ngalinye linemvamisa yalo

- Umbala ngamunye we-monochromatic (ohlanzekile) unqunywa ubude bawo beza, futhi ngenxa yalokho unemvamisa elingana nesivinini sokukhanya / ubude beza

Inothi liku-octave ethile. Ukuze uphakamise inothi i-octave eyodwa phezulu, imvamisa yayo kufanele iphindwe ngo-2. Isibonelo, uma inothi La ye-octave yokuqala ine-frequency engu-220Hz, khona-ke imvamisa ye-La yesibili i-octave izoba ngu-220 × 2 = 440Hz.

Uma sikhuphukela phezulu namanothi, sizoqaphela ukuthi kuma-octaves angu-41 imvamisa izowela emisebeni ebonakalayo ye-spectrum, esebangeni elisuka ku-380 kuya ku-740 nanometers (405-780 THz). Yilapho siqala khona ukufanisa inothi nombala othile.

Manje ake simboze lo mdwebo ngothingo. Kuvela ukuthi yonke imibala ye-spectrum ingena kulolu hlelo. Imibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ekuboneni ngokomzwelo iyafana, umehluko kuphela ekuqineni kombala.

Kuvele ukuthi yonke i-spectrum ebonakalayo ngeso lomuntu ilingana ne-octave eyodwa ukusuka ku-Fa# kuya ku-Fa. Ngakho-ke, iqiniso lokuthi umuntu uhlukanisa imibala eyinhloko engu-7 ku-rainbow, namanothi angu-7 esikalini esijwayelekile akuyona nje into eyenzeka ngengozi, kodwa ubuhlobo.

Ngokubukeka kubukeka kanjena:

Inani A (isibonelo 8000A) iyunithi yokulinganisa i-Angstrom.

1 angstrom = 1.0 × 10-10 amamitha = 0.1 nm = 100 pm

10000 Å = 1 µm

Le yunithi yokulinganisa ivame ukusetshenziswa ku-physics, njengoba i-10-10 m iyindawo eseduze ye-orbit ye-electron ku-athomu ye-hydrogen engajabulile. Imibala ye-spectrum ebonakalayo ikalwa ngezinkulungwane zama-angstrom.

I-spectrum ebonakalayo yokukhanya isuka cishe ku-7000 Å (bomvu) iye ku-4000 Å (violet). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngayinye yemibala eyisikhombisa eyinhloko ehambisana ne imvamisa m yomsindo nokuhlelwa kwamanothi omculo we-octave, umsindo uguqulwa ube yi-spectrum ebonakalayo yomuntu.
Nakhu ukuhlukaniswa kwezikhawu zocwaningo olulodwa ngobudlelwano phakathi kombala nomculo:

Red  - i-m2 ne-b7 (yesibili encane kanye neyesikhombisa enkulu), emvelweni isignali yengozi, i-alamu. Umsindo waleli pheya lezikhawu uqinile, ubukhali.

iwolintshi - b2 kanye ne-m7 (isibili esikhulu nesesikhombisa esincane), ukugcizelela okuthambile, okungaphansi kokukhathazeka. Umsindo walezi zikhawu uthi ukuthula kunowangaphambili.

Yellow - i-m3 ne-b6 (yesithathu encane kanye nesithupha esikhulu), ngokuyinhloko ehlotshaniswa nekwindla, ukuthula kwayo okudabukisayo nakho konke okuhlobene nayo. Emculweni, lezi zikhathi ziyisisekelo se- encane a, imodi a, okuvame ukubonwa njengendlela yokuveza ukudabuka, ukucabangela, nosizi.

Green – b3 kanye ne-m6 (ingxenye enkulu yesithathu nencane yesithupha), umbala wempilo emvelweni, njengombala wamahlamvu notshani. Lezi zikhawu ziyisisekelo esikhulu imodi a, i imodi wokukhanya, ithemba, ukuphila okuqinisekisa ukuphila.

Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka – ch4 kanye ne-ch5 (yesine nesihlanu esimsulwa), umbala wolwandle, isibhakabhaka, isikhala. Izikhawu zizwakala ngendlela efanayo - ibanzi, ivulekile, ifana "nobuze".

Violet – i-uv4 kanye ne-um5 (inyuke isine futhi yehle ngokwesihlanu), izikhawu ezinelukuluku nezingaqondakali, zizwakala zifana ncamashi futhi zehluka ngesipelingi kuphela. Izikhawu ongashiya ngazo noma yimuphi ukhiye uze kunoma yimuphi omunye. Banikeza ithuba lokungena ezweni lesikhala somculo. Umsindo wabo uyimfihlakalo ngokungavamile, awuzinzile, futhi udinga ukuthuthukiswa komculo okuqhubekayo. Ihambisana ncamashi nombala we-violet, okushubile okufanayo nokungazinzile kuwo wonke umbala wombala. Lo mbala uyadlidliza futhi u-oscillates, uphenduka kalula ube imibala, izingxenye zawo zibomvu futhi ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

White kuyinto octave , ububanzi ukuthi zonke izikhawu zomculo zingena kukho. Kubhekwa njengokuthula okuphelele. Ukuhlanganisa yonke imibala yothingo kunikeza okumhlophe. I-octave ivezwa inombolo yesi-8, i-multiple of 4. Futhi u-4, ngokwesimiso sePythagorean, uwuphawu lwesikwele, ukuphelela, ukuphela.

Lena ingxenye encane yolwazi olungatshelwa mayelana nobudlelwano bomsindo nombala.
Kunezifundo ezingathi sína ezengeziwe ezenziwa eRussia naseNtshonalanga. Ngizamile ukuchaza nokuhlanganisa le nqwaba kulabo abangajwayelene nethiyori yomculo.
Ngonyaka odlule, ngenza umsebenzi ohlobene nokuhlaziywa kwemidwebo kanye nokwakhiwa kwebalazwe lombala ukuze ngibone amaphethini.