Umlando wepayipi

Dudkoy Kuyisiko ukubiza iqembu lonke lezinsimbi zomculo wesintu. Izinsimbi zomculo ezimele leli klasi zibukeka njengamashubhu angenalutho enziwe ngokhuni, i-bast, noma iziqu zezitshalo ezingenalutho (isibonelo, i-motherwort noma i-angelica). Kukholakala ukuthi ipayipi nezinhlobonhlobo zalo zazisetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ezinganekwaneni zaseRussia, noma kunjalo, kunenani elikhulu lezinsimbi zomoya ezivamile kwamanye amazwe, ezifanayo ngesakhiwo nomsindo kuzo.

Umtshingo – insimbi yomoya yezikhathi zePaleolithic

Amapayipi nezinhlobonhlobo zawo ayingxenye yekilasi lemitshingo ye-longitudinal, uhlobo lwakudala kakhulu oluyikhwela. Kwakubukeka kanje: ishubhu elenziwe ngomhlanga, uqalo noma ithambo. Ekuqaleni yayisetshenziselwa ukushaya ikhwela kuphela, kodwa-ke abantu baqaphela ukuthi uma usike noma ugoqa izimbobo kuwo, bese uvala futhi uvule ezinye zazo lapho udlala, ungathola imisindo yokuphakama okuhlukene.

Iminyaka yobudala yomtshingo omdala owatholwa abavubukuli cishe iminyaka engu-5000 BC. Izinto zokwenziwa kwayo kwakuyithambo lebhere elincane, lapho izimbobo ezi-4 zenziwa ngokucophelela ohlangothini ngosizo lwe-fang yesilwane. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imitshingo yakudala yaba ngcono. Ekuqaleni, olunye unqenqema lwalolwa kuzo, kamuva kwavela ikhwela elikhethekile kanye nethiphu elifana noqhwaku lwenyoni. Lokhu kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukukhishwa komsindo.

Amapayipi asakazeke emhlabeni wonke, ethola izici zawo ngabanye ezweni ngalinye. Izihlobo eziseduze zamapayipi ekilasini lamafluti amade zifaka: – I-Syringa, insimbi yomoya yasendulo yamaGreki, eshiwo ku-Homer's Iliad. - UQena, umtshingo womhlanga onezimbobo ezingu-7 ngaphandle kwempempe, ovamile eLatin America. – Ikhwelo (kusuka egameni lesiNgisi elithi whistle – whistle), esetshenziswa kakhulu emculweni wesintu wase-Irish nowaseScottish futhi yenziwa ngokhuni noma nge-tinplate. – Recorder (umtshingo nge block encane ekhanda insimbi), eyaba kabanzi eYurophu ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yokugcina.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamapayipi phakathi kwamaSlav

Hlobo luni lwezinsimbi zomoya ezivame ukubizwa ngokuthi amapayipi? Ipayipi ipayipi, ubude bayo bungahluka kusuka ku-10 kuya ku-90 cm, nemigodi engu-3-7 yokudlala. Ngokuvamile, izinto zokukhiqiza ziyizinkuni ze-willow, i-elderberry, i-bird cherry. Kodwa-ke, izinto ezihlala isikhathi eside (umhlanga, umhlanga) nazo zivame ukusetshenziswa. Umumo ubuye uhluke: ithubhu ingaba yi-cylindrical, inganciphisa noma inwebe ekupheleni, kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni lwensimbi.

Enye yezinhlobo ezindala kakhulu zamapayipi yisihawu. Yayisetshenziswa kakhulu abelusi ukubiza izinkomo zabo. Kubukeka njengeshubhu lomhlanga omfushane (ubude bawo buyi-10-15 cm) enensimbi ekugcineni. Umdlalo ulula futhi awudingi amakhono akhethekile noma ukuqeqeshwa. Esifundeni saseTver, izinhlobonhlobo ze-zhaleika, ezenziwe nge-willow keychain, nazo sezisakazeke kabanzi, ezinomsindo othambile kakhulu.

Ezifundeni zaseKursk naseBelgorod, abelusi bakhetha ukudlala i-pyzhatka - umtshingo wokhuni longitudinal. Yathola igama layo emkhonweni wokugunda ofana noqhwaku ofakwe ekugcineni kwethuluzi. Umsindo we-pyzhatka uphikisiwe kancane, uhlabelela: unikezwa intambo efakwe ku-wax futhi ilimele eduze kweshubhu.

Enye yezinsimbi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kwakuyi-kalyuk, eyaziwa nangokuthi "ipayipi le-herbal" noma "ukuphoqa". Izinto zokwenziwa kwayo ngokuvamile kwakuyizitshalo ezinameva (yingakho igama elithi "kalyuka"), kodwa imitshingo ye-puddle yesikhashana yayivame ukwenziwa nge-hogweed noma izitshalo ezineziqu ezingenalutho. Ngokungafani nezinhlobo zamapayipi ezingenhla, ukuphoqa kwakunezimbobo zokudlala ezimbili kuphela - i-inlet ne-outlet, futhi ukuphakama komsindo kwakuhlukahluka kuye ngokuthi i-engeli namandla okusakaza komoya okunikeziwe, kanye nokuthi imbobo ivuleke noma ivalwe kangakanani ekugcineni okuphansi kwensimbi. I-Kalyuka yayibhekwa njengensimbi yesilisa kuphela.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamapayipi esikhathini samanje

Yiqiniso, manje ukuthandwa kwezinsimbi zendabuko zaseRussia akufani kakhulu, isibonelo, emakhulwini eminyaka ambalwa edlule. Athathelwa indawo yizinsimbi zomoya ezilula futhi ezinamandla kakhudlwana - imitshingo enqamulayo, ama-oboe nezinye. Nokho, ngisho namanje basaqhubeka nokusetshenziswa ekuculweni komculo wesintu njengokuphelezelwa.