Alexander Vasilyevich Mosolov |

Alexander Mosolov

Okuyinkimbinkimbi futhi engavamile yisiphetho sika-A. Mosolov njengomqambi, umculi okhanyayo nowangempela, okuthakazelisa kuye kwanda kakhulu kamuva nje. Ukuguqulwa okumangalisayo kwesitayela kwenzeka emsebenzini wakhe, okwakubonisa ukuguquguquka okwenzeka ngezigaba ezihlukahlukene ekuthuthukisweni komculo waseSoviet. Ngesikhathi esifanayo nekhulu leminyaka, waqhuma ngesibindi kwezobuciko kuma-20s. futhi ingene ngokwemvelo “kwingqikithi” yenkathi, nakho konke ukuthatheka kwayo namandla angakhathali, okuhlanganisa umoya wayo wokuhlubuka, ukuvuleleka enkambweni emisha. OkwaMosolov 20s. yaba uhlobo lwenkathi "yesiphepho nokucindezeleka". Ngalesi sikhathi, isikhundla sakhe ekuphileni sase sichazwe ngokucacile.

Isiphetho sikaMosolov, okwathi ngo-1903 bathuthela nabazali bakhe besuka eKyiv baya eMoscow, kwakuxhunyaniswa ngokungenakuqhathaniswa nezenzakalo zokuvukela umbuso. Ekwamukela ngemfudumalo ukunqoba kweNguquko Enkulu Yango-October, ngo-1918 wavolontiya ukuya phambili; ngo-1920 - wadilizwa ngenxa yokushaqeka kwegobolondo. Futhi kuphela, cishe, ngo-1921, wangena eMoscow Conservatory, Mosolov waqala ukuqamba umculo. Wafunda ukuqamba, ukuvumelana kanye ne-counterpoint no-R. Glier, wabe esedluliselwa ekilasini lika-N. Myaskovsky, lapho athola khona iziqu ze-conservatory ngo-1925. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wafunda upiyano no-G. Prokofiev, futhi kamuva no-K. Igumnov. Ukuthatha okunamandla kokudala kweMosolov kuyamangalisa: maphakathi nawo-20s. uba ngumbhali wenani elibalulekile lemisebenzi lapho isitayela sakhe sithuthukiswa khona. "Uyi-eccentric enjalo, iphuma kuwe, sengathi iphuma ku-cornucopia," uN. Myaskovsky wabhalela uMosolov ngo-August 10, 1927. ubhala okuthile okuncane. Lokhu, mngane wami, "Universal" ”(indlu yokushicilela ye-Universal Edition eVienna. – NA),“ futhi uzohhewula ngobuningi obunjalo ”! Kusukela ngo-10 kuya ku-5, uMosolov wadala ama-opuses angaba ngu-1924, okuhlanganisa ama-piano sonatas, izingoma ze-camber vocal kanye nezinsimbi ezincane, i-symphony, i-opera yegumbi elithi "Hero", ikhonsathi yepiyano, umculo we-ballet "Steel" (okusuka kuyo isiqephu esidumile se-symphonic kwavela "Factory").

Eminyakeni eyalandela, wabhala i-operetta ethi "Ubhapathizo LwaseRussia, I-Anti-Religious Symphony" yabafundi, i-choir ne-orchestra, njll.

Ngama-20-30s. Isithakazelo emsebenzini kaMosolov ezweni lakithi nakwamanye amazwe sasihlotshaniswa kakhulu ne-"Factory" (1926-28), lapho isici se-poliostinato esiveza umsindo sivusa umuzwa womshini omkhulu emsebenzini. Lo msebenzi waba nomthelela omkhulu ekutheni uMosolov wabonwa abantu besikhathi sakhe ikakhulukazi njengommeleli we-constructivism yomculo ehlotshaniswa nezici ekuthuthukisweni kwedrama yaseSoviet kanye neshashalazi yomculo (khumbula imisebenzi yokuqondisa ye-Vs "Metallurgical Plant" evela ku-opera "Iqhwa Nensimbi" ka-V. Deshevov - 1925). Kodwa-ke, uMosolov phakathi nalesi sikhathi wayefuna futhi ethola ezinye izingqimba zesitayela sesimanje somculo. Ngo-1930, wabhala imijikelezo yezwi emibili ehlakaniphile, enonya equkethe isici sokucasuka: "Izigcawu Ezintathu Zezingane" kanye "Nezikhangiso Ezine Zephephandaba" ("kusuka ku-Izvestia weKomidi Eliphethe Le-All-Russian Central"). Yomibili imibhalo yabangela ukusabela okunomsindo kanye nencazelo engaqondakali. Kungani Artоyat kuphela imibhalo yephephandaba uqobo, isibonelo: “Mina mathupha ngiyobulala amagundane, amagundane. Kukhona ukubuyekezwa. Iminyaka engu-25 yokusebenza”. Kulula ukucabanga isimo sabalaleli abakhuliswe ngomoya wesiko lomculo wegumbi! Njengoba ihambisana nolimi lwesimanje lomculo ne-dissonance yalo egcizelelwe, ukuzulazula kwe-chromatic, imijikelezo nokho inokuqhubeka okucacile nesitayela sezwi sika-M. Mussorgsky, kuze kufike ekufanekiseni okuqondile phakathi "kweZigcawu Ezintathu Zezingane" kanye "Nezingane"; "Izikhangiso zamaphephandaba" kanye "ne-Seminarian, Rayk". Omunye umsebenzi obalulekile wama-20s. - Ikhonsathi yokuqala yepiyano (1926-27), eyaphawula ukuqala kokubuka okusha, okuphambene nezothando kwalolu hlobo kumculo weSoviet.

Ekuqaleni kwawo-30s. isikhathi "sesiphepho nokuhlasela" emsebenzini kaMosolov siyaphela: umqambi uvele ahlukane nesitayela esidala sokubhala futhi uqala "ukuphumputha" entsha, ephikisana ngqo neyokuqala. Ushintsho lwesitayela somculi lwalukhulu kangangokuthi, uma uqhathanisa imisebenzi yakhe eyabhalwa ngaphambi nangemva kweminyaka engu-30, kunzima ukukholelwa ukuthi zonke zingezaqambi oyedwa. Ukuguqulwa kwesitayela ngokuzibophezela; eyaqala ngawo-30s, yanquma yonke imisebenzi eyalandela kaMosolov. Yini ebangele lolu shintsho olubukhali lokudala? Indima ethile yadlalwa ukugxekwa okuthambekele okuvela ku-RAPM, umsebenzi wayo wawubonakala ngendlela engcolile yezenzakalo zobuciko (ngo-1925 uMosolov waba yilungu eligcwele le-ASM). Kwakukhona nezizathu zenhloso zokuvela ngokushesha kolimi lomqambi: lwaluhambisana nobuciko beSoviet bama-30s. amandla adonsela phansi ekuqondeni nasekubeni lula.

Ngo-1928-37. UMosolov uhlola ngenkuthalo umlando wase-Asia Ephakathi, efunda phakathi nohambo lwakhe, futhi ebhekisela eqoqweni elidumile lika-V. Uspensky no-V. Belyaev "Turkmen Music" (1928). Wabhala izingcezu ezi-3 zepiyano elithi "Turkmen Nights" (1928), Izingcezu Ezimbili Ezindikimbeni zase-Uzbek (1929), ezisabhekisela enkathini edlule, yokuhlubuka, efingqa. Futhi ku-Concerto Yesibili Yepiyano ne-Okhestra (1932) nokunye okwengeziwe Ezingomeni Ezintathu Zezwi Ne-Orchestra (ama-30s), isitayela esisha sesivele sivezwe ngokucacile. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-20s kwaphawulwa isipiliyoni kuphela emsebenzini kaMosolov wokudala i-opera enkulu ngezindikimba zomphakathi nezenhlalo - "Idamu" (1929-30), - ayinikezela kuthisha wakhe uN. Myaskovsky. I-libretto ka-Y. Zadykhin isekelwe kungwaqa wesakhiwo nesikhathi sokuphenduka kwe-20-30s: ibhekene nokwakhiwa kwedamu lesiteshi samandla kagesi wamanzi kwelinye lamadolobhana akude ezweni. Itimu ye-opera ibiseduze nombhali we-Factory. Ulimi lwe-orchestra lwePlotina lwembula ukusondelana nesitayela semisebenzi ye-symphonic kaMosolov yama-20s. Indlela yangaphambili yenkulumo ecasulayo ihlanganiswe lapha nemizamo yokudala izithombe ezinhle emculweni ezihlangabezana nezidingo zetimu yomphakathi. Kodwa-ke, ukubonakaliswa kwayo kuvame ukuhlushwa yi-schematism ethile yokushayisana kwesakhiwo namaqhawe, okufanekisela ukuthi uMosolov wayengakaze abe nolwazi olwanele, kuyilapho ekufanekiseni abalingiswa abangalungile bezwe elidala waba nesipiliyoni esinjalo.

Ngeshwa, ulwazi oluncane olugciniwe mayelana nomsebenzi wokudala kaMosolov ngemva kokudalwa kweDam. Ekupheleni kuka-1937 wacindezelwa: wagwetshwa iminyaka engu-8 ekamu lokufukula, kodwa ngo-August 25, 1938 wakhululwa. Kusukela ngo-1939 kuya ekupheleni kwawo-40s. kunokwakheka kokugcina kwendlela entsha yokuqamba yomqambi. Ku-Concerto eyinkondlo engavamile yehabhu ne-orchestra (1939), ulimi lwezinganekwane luthathelwa indawo yitimu yombhali wokuqala, ehlukaniswa ubulula bolimi oluvumelanayo, i-melodicism. Ekuqaleni kwawo-40s. Izithakazelo zokudala zikaMosolov ziqondiswa eziteshini eziningana, enye yazo kwakuyi-opera. Ubhala ama-opera "Signal" (amahhala ka-O. Litovsky) kanye ne "Masquerade" (ngemuva kukaM. Lermontov). I-score ye-Signal yaqedwa ngo-Okthoba 14, 1941. Ngakho, i-opera yaba ngeyokuqala kulolu hlobo (mhlawumbe eyokuqala kakhulu) impendulo ezenzakalweni zeMpi Yezwe Enkulu. Eminye imikhakha ebalulekile yomsebenzi wokudala kaMosolov wale minyaka - umculo wamakhwaya nowezwi legumbi - ihlanganiswe yindikimba yokushisekela izwe. Uhlobo oluyinhloko lomculo wamakhwaya weminyaka yempi - iculo - limelwe izingoma eziningi, phakathi kwazo amakhwaya amathathu ahambisana nepianoforte kuya emavesini ka-Argo (A. Goldenberg), abhalwe ngomoya wezingoma zamaqhawe amaningi. okuthakazelisa kakhulu: "Ingoma ngo-Alexander Nevsky, ingoma ethi Kutuzov" kanye "Ingoma mayelana neSuvorov. Indima eholayo ekuqanjweni kwephimbo legumbi lasekuqaleni kwawo-40s. dlala izinhlobo zama-ballads nezingoma; umkhakha ohlukile uwuthando lwezingoma futhi, ikakhulukazi, i-romance-elegy ("Ama-elegies amathathu ezinkondlweni zikaDenis Davydov" - 1944, "Izinkondlo ezinhlanu zika-A. Blok" - 1946).

Phakathi nale minyaka, uMosolov futhi, ngemva kwekhefu elide, uphendukela kuhlobo lwe-symphony. I-Symphony in E Major (1944) yaphawula ukuqala kwe-epic enkulu yama-symphonies angu-6, adalwe esikhathini esingaphezu kweminyaka engama-20. Kulolu hlobo lomculo, umqambi uqhubeka nomugqa we-symphonism yama-epic, awuthuthukisa ngesiRashiya, bese kumculo weSoviet we-30s. Lolu hlobo lohlobo, kanye nobudlelwano obusondelene ngokungavamile bephimbo-thematic phakathi kwama-symphonies, kunikeza ilungelo lokubiza ama-symphonies angu-6 ngengqophamlando hhayi nje ngokomfanekiso.

Ngo-1949, u-Mosolov ubamba iqhaza ohambweni lwezinganekwane oluya eKrasnodar Territory, olwaphawula ukuqala kwentsha, "igagasi lendabuko" emsebenzini wakhe. Kuvela ama-Suites we-orchestra yezinsimbi zomculo zaseRussia (Kubanskaya, njll.) Umqambi ufunda i-folklore yaseStavropol. Ngama-60s. U-Mosolov waqala ukubhalela i-choir yabantu (kuhlanganise ne-Northern Russian folk choir, eholwa unkosikazi womqambi, Umculi Wabantu we-USSR Y. Meshko). Ngokushesha wasiqonda kahle isitayela sengoma yasenyakatho, enza amalungiselelo. Umsebenzi omude womqambi nekhwaya waba nesandla ekubhalweni kwe-"Folk Oratorio mayelana no-GI Kotovsky" (Art. E. Bagritsky) yabacula yedwa, ikhwaya, umfundi kanye ne-orchestra (1969-70). Kulo msebenzi wokugcina oqediwe, uMosolov waphendukela ezenzakalweni zempi yombango e-Ukraine (lapho ahlanganyela khona), enikezela i-oratorio enkumbulo yomphathi wakhe. Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe, uMosolov wenza imidwebo yezingoma ezimbili - i-Third Piano Concerto (1971) neyesithupha (empeleni eyesishiyagalombili) Symphony. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wasungula umbono we-opera ethi Yini Okufanele Yenziwe? (ngokwenoveli yegama elifanayo ngu-N. Chernyshevsky), okwakungahloselwe ukugcwaliseka.

“Ngiyajabula ukuthi okwamanje umphakathi usunentshisekelo kumagugu okudala eMosolov, ukuthi kushicilelwa izinkumbulo zakhe. ... Ngicabanga ukuthi ukube konke lokhu kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuphila kuka-AV Mosolov, mhlawumbe ukunakwa okuvuselelwe kwezingoma zakhe bekuyokwandisa impilo yakhe futhi ngabe uphakathi kwethu isikhathi eside, "umbhali we-cellist ophawulekayo u-A. Stogorsky wabhala mayelana Umqambi , uMosolov anikezela kuye i-"Elegiac Poem" ye-cello ne-orchestra (1960).

N. Aleksenko