Alberto Ginastera |

U-Alberto Ginastera

U-Alberto Ginastera ungumqambi wase-Argentina, umculi ovelele eLatin America. Imisebenzi yakhe ibhekwa ngokufanelekile phakathi kwezibonelo ezinhle kakhulu zomculo zekhulu lesi-XNUMX.

U-Alberto Ginastera wazalelwa eBuenos Aires ngo-Ephreli 11, 1916, emndenini wabafuduki base-Italy-Catalan. Waqala ukufunda umculo eneminyaka eyisikhombisa futhi wangena e-conservatory eneminyaka eyishumi nambili. Eminyakeni yakhe yokufunda, umculo kaDebussy noStravinsky wathinta kakhulu kuye. Ithonya lalaba baqambi lingabonwa ngezinga elithile emisebenzini yakhe ngayinye. Umqambi akazange azigcine izingoma zakhe zokuqala ezabhalwa ngaphambi kuka-1936. Kukholakala ukuthi abanye babhekana nesiphetho esifanayo, ngenxa yezidingo ezikhulayo zikaGinastera kanye nokugxeka okuzenzakalelayo komsebenzi wakhe. Ngo-1939, uGinastera waphumelela e-Conservatory. Ngaphambi kwalokho, waphothula enye yezingoma zakhe zokuqala ezinkulu - i-ballet "Panambi", eyadlalwa esiteji seTeatro Colon ngo-1940.

Ngo-1942, uGinastera wathola i-Guggenheim Fellowship waya e-United States, lapho afunda khona no-Aaron Copland. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, waqala ukusebenzisa izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuqamba, futhi isitayela sakhe esisha sibonakala njengobuzwe obuzimele, lapho umqambi eqhubeka nokusebenzisa izici zendabuko nezithandwayo zomculo wase-Argentina. Izingoma ezivelele kakhulu zalesi sikhathi ziyi-“Pampeana no. 3” (Symphonic pastoral in three movements) kanye nePiano Sonata No. one.

Lapho ebuya e-USA eya e-Argentina, wasungula indawo yokugcinwa kwezincwadi eLa Plata, lapho afundisa khona kusukela ngo-1948 kuya ku-1958. Phakathi kwabafundi bakhe kukhona abaqambi bakusasa u-Astor Piazzolla noGerardo Gandini. Ngo-1962, uGinastera, kanye nabanye abaqambi, bakha i-Latin American Center for Musical Research e-Instituto Torcuato di Tella. Ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-60s, wathuthela eGeneva, lapho ehlala khona nomkakhe wesibili, umculi weselula u-Aurora Natola.

U-Alberto Ginastera ushone ngoJuni 25, 1983. Wangcwatshwa emathuneni asePlainpalais eGeneva.

U-Alberto Ginastera ungumbhali wama-opera nama-ballet. Phakathi kweminye imisebenzi yomqambi kukhona amakhonsathi wepiyano, i-cello, i-violin, ihabhu. Ubhale imisebenzi eminingi ye-symphony orchestra, upiyano, umculo weshashalazi nesinema, ezothando, kanye nemisebenzi yasekamelweni.

Isazi somculo uSergio Pujol sabhala ngomqambi wakhe encwadini yakhe yango-2013 ethi One Hundred Years of Musical Argentina: “I-Ginastera yayiyingcweti emculweni wezemfundo, uhlobo oluthile lwesikhungo somculo ngokwawo, iqhawe elivelele ekuphileni kwamasiko ezwe iminyaka engamashumi amane.”

Futhi nansi indlela u-Alberto Ginastera ngokwakhe abona ngayo umqondo wokubhala umculo: "Ukuqamba umculo, ngokubona kwami, kufana nokudala izakhiwo. Emculweni, lesi sakhiwo senzeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Futhi uma, ngemva kokuhamba kwesikhathi, umsebenzi ugcina umuzwa wokuphelela kwangaphakathi, ovezwe emoyeni, singasho ukuthi umqambi ukwazile ukudala wona kanye lowo mdwebo.”

Nadia Koval

Ukwakhiwa:

ama-opera – Airport (Aeroporto, opera buffa, 1961, Bergamo), Don Rodrigo (1964, Buenos Aires), Bomarso (ngemuva M. Lines, 1967, Washington), Beatrice Cenci (1971, ibid); amabhalethi - Inganekwane ye-choreographic uPanambi (1937, eyadlalwa ngo-1940, eBuenos Aires), u-Estancia (1941, owadlalwa ngo-1952, ibid; uhlelo olusha lwango-1961), Ubusuku beThenda (Ubusuku beThenda; ngokusekelwe ezinhlobonhlobo zekhonsathi ye-chamber orchestra, 1960, New York); ama-cantata – Magical America (America magica, 1960), Milena (kuya emibhalweni F. Kafka, 1970); ye-orchestra – 2 ama-symphonies (Portegna – Porteсa, 1942; elegiac – Sinfonia elegiaca, 1944), Creole Faust Overture (Fausto criollo, 1943), Toccata, Villancico and Fugue (1947), Pampean No. 3 (symphonic pastoral, 1953 Variations) (Amakhonsathi e-Variaciones, e-chamber orchestra, 1953); ikhonsathi yezintambo (1965); amakhonsathi ne-orchestra – 2 upiyano (Argentinian, 1941; 1961), for violin (1963), cello (1966), for ihabhu (1959); ama-ensembles wezinsimbi zegumbi - I-Pampean No. 1 ye-violin nepiyano (1947), i-Pampean No. 2 ye-cello nepiyano (1950), Iyunithi yezinhlamvu ezi-2 (1948, 1958), i-piano quintet (1963); okwepiyano - Imidanso yase-Argentina (Danzas argentinas, 1937), izandulela eziyi-12 zaseMelika (izandulela eziyi-12 zaseMelika, 1944), imidanso yesiCreole elandelanayo (Danzas criollas, 1946), sonata (1952); ngezwi elinomculo wezinsimbi - Imiculo kaTucuman (Cantos del Tucumán, enomtshingo, ivayolin, ihabhu nezigubhu ezi-2, kumazwi kaRX Sanchez, 1938) nabanye; ezothando; processing - Izingoma ezinhlanu zomdabu zase-Argentina zezwi nepiyano (Cinco canciones populares argentinas, 1943); Umculo wedrama ethi "Olyantai" (1947), njll.