Semyon Stepanovich Gulak-Artemovsky |

Isidoda Hulak-Artemovsky

Izingoma ze-Little Russia - konke; kanye nezinkondlo, nomlando, kanye nethuna likababa … Konke kuyavumelana, kunuka kamnandi, kuhlukene kakhulu. N. Gogol

Emhlabathini ovundile womculo wesintu wase-Ukraine, ithalenta lomqambi nomculi odumile uS. Gulak-Artemovsky lachuma. Wazalelwa emndenini wompristi wendawo, uGulak-Artemovsky kwakufanele alandele ezinyathelweni zikayise, kodwa leli siko lomndeni laphulwa ukunxanela komculo okugcwele komfana. Ukungena eKiev Theological School ngo-1824, uSemyon waqala ukufunda ngempumelelo, kodwa ngokushesha waba nesithukuthezi ngezifundo zenkolo, futhi isitifiketi somfundi savela okulandelayo: "amakhono amahle, ubuvila nobuvila, impumelelo encane." Impendulo ilula: umculi wesikhathi esizayo wanikela konke ukunaka kwakhe nesikhathi sokucula ekwayeni, cishe akazange avele emakilasini esikoleni, futhi kamuva esikoleni sobufundisi. I-sonorous treble ye-chanter encane yaqashelwa nguchwepheshe wokucula kwamakhwaya, uchwepheshe wesiko lokucula laseRussia, uMetropolitan Evgeny (Bolkhovitikov). Futhi manje uSemyon usevele ekwaya yedolobha laseSt. Sophia Cathedral eKyiv, ngaleso sikhathi - ekwayeni yeMikhailovsky Monastery. Lapha le nsizwa yaqonda isiko lomculo wamakhwaya osekuyiminyaka eminingi likhona.

Ngo-1838, uM. Glinka wezwa ukucula kukaGulak-Artemovsky, futhi lo mhlangano washintsha ngokuphelele isiphetho somculi osemusha: walandela uGlinka waya eSt. Petersburg, kusukela manje uzinikela ngokuphelele emculweni. Ngaphansi kokuqondisa komngane nomeluleki omdala, uGulak-Artemovsky, ngesikhathi esifushane, wadlula esikoleni sokuthuthukiswa komculo okuphelele nokuqeqeshwa kwezwi. Izinkolelo zakhe zobuciko eziqhubekayo zaqiniswa ekukhulumisaneni kokudala nombuthano wabangane bakaGlinka - umculi u-K. Bryullov, umlobi u-N. Kukolnik, abaculi u-G. Lomakin, O. Petrov no-A. Petrova-Vorobyeva. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukujwayelana nomlobi ovelele wase-Ukraine u-T. Shevchenko kwenzeka, okwaphenduka ubungane beqiniso. Ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukaGlinka, umqambi wesikhathi esizayo waqhubeka eqonda izimfihlo zobuciko bezwi kanye nemithetho yengqondo yomculo. I-opera ethi "Ruslan noLyudmila" ngaleso sikhathi yayinemicabango kaGlinka, owabhala ngamakilasi noGulak-Artemovsky: "Ngimlungiselela ukuba abe umculi weshashalazi futhi ngithemba ukuthi ukusebenza kwami ​​​​ngeke kube yize ..." UGlinka wabona kumculi osemusha umculi wengxenye yeRuslan. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuzithiba esiteji futhi kunqobe ukushiyeka kwendlela yokucula, uGulak-Artemovsky, ngokuphikelela komngane osekhulile, ovame ukudlalwa kusihlwa ezihlukahlukene zomculo. Umuntu owayephila ngaleso sikhathi wachaza ukucula kwakhe kanje: “Izwi lalipholile futhi likhulu; kodwa akazange akhulume nencane indlela negama ngokudangala ... Kwakucasula, ngifuna ukuncoma, kodwa uhleko lwangena.

Nokho, ukutadisha ngokucophelela, okuqhubekayo ngaphansi kokuqondisa kothisha ohlakaniphile kwaletha imiphumela emihle: ikhonsathi yokuqala yomphakathi kaGulak-Artemovsky isivele yaba yimpumelelo enkulu. Ikhono lokucula nokuqamba lomculi osemusha lachuma ngenxa yohambo olude oluya eParis nase-Italy, olwenziwa ngemizamo kaGlinka ngosizo lwezimali luka-philanthropist P. Demidov ngo-1839-41. Ukudlala okuphumelelayo esiteji se-opera eFlorence kwavulela uGulak-Artemovsky indlela yokuya esiteji sobukhosi eSt. Kusukela ngo-May 1842 kuya kuNovemba 1865, umculi wayeyilungu leqembu le-opera unomphela. Akazange enze nje kuphela eSt. Petersburg, kodwa futhi eMoscow (1846-50, 1864-65), wabuye wavakashela emadolobheni ezifundazweni - Tula, Kharkov, Kursk, Voronezh. Phakathi kwezindima eziningi zikaGulak-Artemovsky kuma-opera ka-V. Bellini, G. Donizetti, KM Weber, G. Verdi nabanye, ukusebenza okumangalisayo kwendima kaRuslan kuvelele. Lapho ezwa i-opera ethi "Ruslan noLyudmila", uShevchenko wabhala: "Yeka i-opera! Ikakhulukazi lapho u-Artemovsky ecula uRuslan, uze unwaye ngemuva kwekhanda lakho, kuyiqiniso! Umculi omangalisayo - ngeke usho lutho. Ngenxa yokulahlekelwa izwi, uGulak-Artemovsky washiya isiteji ngo-1865 futhi wachitha iminyaka yakhe yokugcina eMoscow, lapho ukuphila kwakhe kwakunesizotha kakhulu futhi eyedwa.

Umuzwa ocashile wemidlalo yaseshashalazini nokwethembeka kumculo wendabuko - inganekwane yase-Ukraine - iyisici sezingoma zikaGulak-Artemovsky. Iningi lazo lihlobene ngqo nemisebenzi yaseshashalazini neyekhonsathi yombhali. Kwavela kanje uthando, ukuguqulwa kwezingoma zase-Ukraine nezingoma zoqobo emoyeni wesintu, kanye nemisebenzi emikhulu yomculo neyesiteji - i-vocal and choreographic divertissement "Umshado Wase-Ukraine" (1852), umculo we-comedy-vaudeville yakhe ethi "The Night". ngobusuku Bangaphambi Kosuku Lwasehlobo” (1852), umculo wedrama ethi The Destroyers of Ships (1853). Indalo ebaluleke kakhulu kaGulak-Artemovsky - i-comic opera enezingxoxo zezingxoxo "I-Cossack ngaphesheya kwe-Danube" (1863) - ihlanganisa ngenjabulo amahlaya abantu abanobuntu obuhle kanye ne-heroic-patriotic motifs. Ukusebenza kwembula izici ezihlukene zethalente lombhali, owabhala kokubili i-libretto nomculo, futhi wadlala indima yesihloko. Petersburg abagxeki baphawula impumelelo yomdlalo wokuqala: “UMnu. U-Artemovsky wabonisa ithalenta lakhe elihle lamahlaya. Umdlalo wakhe wawugcwele amahlaya: ebusweni bukaKaras, wabonisa uhlobo olufanele lweCossack. Umqambi ukwazile ukudlulisa umculo omnandi kanye namakhono okudansa ashisayo omculo wase-Ukraine ngokucacile kangangokuthi ngezinye izikhathi izingoma zakhe azihlukaniseki kwezabantu. Ngakho-ke, zithandwa e-Ukraine kanye nendabuko. Izilaleli ezihlakaniphile zizwe ubuzwe bangempela be-opera kakade edlalwa okokuqala. Umbuyekezi wephephandaba elithi “Son of the Fatherland” wabhala: “Imfanelo eyinhloko kaMnu. ube ngowokuqala ukwethula into yamahlaya yokuzalwa kithi esiteji ... futhi nginesiqiniseko sokuthi ngokudlala ngakunye impumelelo yakhe izokhula.

Ngempela, izingoma zikaHulak-Artemovsky zisagcina ukubaluleka kwazo hhayi nje njenge-opera yokuqala yase-Ukraine, kodwa futhi njengomsebenzi othakazelisayo, othakazelisayo.

N. Zabolotnaya