UCarlos Chavez |

UCarlos Chavez

Umculo waseMexico ukweleta okukhulu uCarlos Chavez. Ngo-1925, umculi osemusha, umshisekeli nomgqugquzeli wobuciko oshisekayo, wahlela i-orchestra yokuqala ye-symphony yezwe eMexico City. Wayengenaso isipiliyoni noma ukuqeqeshwa okuyisisekelo kochwepheshe: ngemuva kwakhe kwakukhona iminyaka yokufunda nobuciko obuzimele, isikhathi esifushane sokufunda (no-M. Ponce kanye no-PL Ogason) nokujikeleza i-Europe. Kodwa wayenesifiso esijulile sokuletha umculo wangempela kubantu. Futhi wayithola indlela yakhe.

Ekuqaleni, uChavez wayenobunzima. Umsebenzi wakhe oyinhloko kwaba, ngokusho komculi ngokwakhe, hhayi nje ukuthakazelisa abantu bakithi emculweni. “Abantu baseMexico sebewumculo kakade, kodwa kudingeka bagxilise isimo sengqondo esingathi sína ngobuciko, babafundise ukulalela umculo, futhi ekugcineni babafundise ukuza emakhonsathini ngesikhathi!” Ngokokuqala ngqá eMexico, emakhonsathini aholwa uChávez, izethameli zingavunyelwa ukuba zingene ehholo ngemva kokuqala. Futhi ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, umbhidisi wayengathi, ngaphandle kokuziqhenya: “Abantu baseMexico kuphela abeza ekulweni nezinkunzi nasemakhonsathini ami ngesikhathi.”

Kodwa okuyinhloko ukuthi la makhonsathi aqala ukujabulela ukuthandwa kwangempela, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuba iqembu likhule ngo-1928, laqina futhi laziwa ngokuthi i-National Symphony Orchestra. UChavez ubezama ngokungakhathali ukwandisa izethameli, ukuheha abalaleli abasebenzayo ehholo lekhonsathi. Kuze kube manje, ubhala ngisho nezingoma ezikhethekile ezihlanganisa i-Proletarian Symphony. Emsebenzini wakhe wokuqamba, othuthuka ngokuhambisana nemisebenzi yomdwebi njengomqhubi, uthuthukisa i-folklore yaseMexico entsha nendala, ngesisekelo sakhe adala izingoma eziningi ze-symphonic negumbi, ama-ballet.

U-Chavez uhlanganisa imisebenzi engcono kakhulu yomculo wakudala nowesimanje ezinhlelweni zakhe zekhonsathi; ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwakhe, imisebenzi eminingi yababhali baseSoviet yenziwa okokuqala eMexico. Umbhidisi akagcini nje emisebenzini yekhonsathi ekhaya. Kusukela maphakathi no-thirties usehambele izindawo eziningi, ecula nama-orchestra aphambili e-United States kanye namazwe amaningi ase-Europe. Kakade ngemva kohambo lokuqala lwaseChavez, abagxeki baseMelika baphawule ukuthi “usezibonakalise njengomqhubi, umholi olinganiselayo, ongenangqondo futhi ohlakaniphile owazi ukukhipha umsindo ophuphumayo nolinganiselayo ku-orchestra.”

Sekungamashumi amane eminyaka, uChavez engomunye wabaculi abahamba phambili eMexico. Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi ephethe i-National Conservatory, ephethe umnyango wezobuciko obuhle, wenza okuningi ukuze aqondise imfundo yomculo yezingane nentsha, wakhulisa izizukulwane eziningana zabaqambi nabaqhubi.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, ngo-1969