Umlando womshini wezigubhu

umshini wesigubhu ebizwa ngokuthi insimbi yomculo ye-elekthronikhi ongakha ngayo, uhlele futhi ulondoloze amaphethini athile esigqi aphindaphindayo - lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ama-drum loops. Amanye amagama ensimbi umshini wesigqi noma ikhompuyutha yesigqi. Emgogodleni wayo, iyimojuli lapho kuhlelwa khona izinsimbi zezinsimbi ezishaywayo ezihlukahlukene. Umshini wesigubhu usetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zomculo: okokuqala, emculweni we-elekthronikhi (i-hip-hop, i-rap), ususakazeke kabanzi emculweni we-pop, i-rock ngisho ne-jazz.

Ama-prototypes womshini wesigqi

Okwandulelayo okude kakhulu kwekhompuyutha yesigqi yibhokisi lomculo. Yadalwa eSwitzerland ngo-1796, yasetshenziselwa ukuzijabulisa, kwakungenzeka ukudlala izingoma ezidumile ngayo. Idivayisi yebhokisi ilula kakhulu - ngosizo lomshini okhethekile wokuvunguza, ukunyakaza kwe-roller, lapho kwakukhona izikhonkwane ezincane, kwaqalwa. Zazithinta amazinyo ekama lensimbi, ngaleyo ndlela zikhiphe umsindo ngemva komsindo futhi ziphindaphinde ingoma. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, baqala ukukhiqiza ama-roller ashintshashintshayo ukuze ukwazi ukuhlukanisa umsindo webhokisi nezinye izingoma.

Ukuqala kwekhulu le-1897 kwakuyinkathi yokuzalwa komculo we-electromusic. Ngalesi sikhathi, kwaklanywa futhi kwadalwa inani elikhulu lamathuluzi e-electromechanical. Enye yezokuqala kwakuyi-telharmonium, eyakhiwe ngo-150. Isignali kagesi yavela kuyo ngokusebenzisa i-dynamos ecishe ibe ngu-XNUMX, futhi esikhundleni sesikhulumi, izikhulisa-zwi zasetshenziswa ngendlela yophondo. Kwakungenzeka futhi ukudlulisa umsindo wesitho sikagesi sokuqala kunethiwekhi yocingo. Kamuva, abakhiqizi bezinsimbi zomculo zokuqala ze-elekthronikhi baqala ukushumeka imojuli kuzo evumela ukuthi ugcwalise umdlalo ngesigqi esizenzakalelayo. Ikhono lokuyilawula lehla ekukhetheni isitayela somculo nokulungisa i-tempo.

Imishini yokuqala yezigubhu

Usuku lokuzalwa olusemthethweni lwemishini yesigqi yi-1930. Yadalwa usosayensi waseRussia u-L. Theremin ngokubambisana no-G. Cowell. Umsebenzi womshini kwakuwukukhiqiza kabusha imisindo yefrikhwensi edingekayo. Ngokucindezela nokuhlanganisa okhiye abahlukahlukene (ngaphandle okufana nekhibhodi yepiyano efushanisiwe kakhulu), bekungenzeka ukuthola amaphethini ahlukahlukene anesigqi. Ngo-1957, i-Rhythmate instrument yakhululwa eYurophu. Kuyo, izigqi zazidlalwa kusetshenziswa izingcezu ze-tape kazibuthe. Ngo-1959, i-Wurlitzer yasungula ikhompuyutha yesigqi sokuhweba. Wayekwazi ukukhiqiza kabusha imisindo yezinsimbi zomculo ezihlukene ezingu-10, futhi isimiso somsebenzi wakhe sasisekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwamashubhu e-vacuum. Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1960, i-Ace Tone, manje eyaziwa ngokuthi u-Roland, yakhipha i-FR-1 Rhytm Ace. Umshini wezigubhu wawudlala izigqi ezihlukene ezingu-16 futhi wavumela nokuthi zihlanganiswe. Kusukela ngo-1978, amadivaysi anomsebenzi wokuqopha amaphethini anesigqi aqala ukuvela emakethe yezinsimbi zomculo ze-elekthronikhi - Roland CR-78, Roland TR-808 noRoland TR-909, kanye namamodeli angu-2 wokugcina athandwa kakhulu namuhla.

Ukufika kwamakhompiyutha edijithali kanye nesigqi esihlanganisiwe

Uma kuze kube sekupheleni kweminyaka yawo-1970 yonke imishini yezigubhu inomsindo we-analog kuphela, khona-ke ekuqaleni kwawo-80 kwavela amadivaysi edijithali futhi aqala ukukhiqizwa ngenkuthalo amasampula asekelwayo (okurekhodiwe ngedijithali kwezinsimbi ze-acoustic). Eyokuqala kubo kwakunguLinn LM-1, kamuva ezinye izinkampani zaqala ukukhiqizwa kwamathuluzi afanayo. I-Roland TR-909 eshiwo kakade yayingenye yamakhompiyutha esigqi ahlanganisiwe: yayiqukethe amasampula e-cymbal, kuyilapho umsindo wazo zonke ezinye izinsimbi ezishaywayo uhlala ufana ne-analog.

Imishini yezigubhu yasakazeka ngokushesha, futhi ngokushesha cishe zonke izinkampani ezihilelekile ekuthuthukiseni nasekudaleni izinsimbi zomculo ezintsha zaqala ukukhiqiza lezi zinsimbi zomculo ngenkuthalo. Ngokuthuthuka kwemboni yamakhompiyutha, ama-analogue abonakalayo emishini yezigubhu nawo avele - izinhlelo ezikuvumela ukuthi udale futhi uhlele isigqi, engeza amasampula akho, usethe inani elikhulu lamapharamitha, kuze kufike kusayizi wegumbi kanye nokubekwa kwamakrofoni. emkhathini. Kodwa-ke, imishini yendabuko, yesigqi sehadiwe isasetshenziswa kakhulu emculweni.