Izimfihlakalo zomlando: izinganekwane ngomculo nabaculi

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, ithonya elimangalisayo elingokomzwelo lomculo liye lasenza sacabanga ngemithombo engaqondakali yomsuka wawo. Ukuthakasela komphakathi kwabakhethiwe abambalwa, okuphawuleka ngekhono labo lokuqamba, kwabangela izinganekwane ezingenakubalwa ngabaculi.

Kusukela emandulo kuze kube namuhla, izinganekwane zomculo ziphinde zazalwa emzabalazweni phakathi kwezepolitiki nezomnotho zabantu abathintekayo embonini yomculo.

Isipho saphezulu noma isilingo sikadeveli

Ngo-1841, umqambi ongaziwa uGiuseppe Verdi, echotshozwe ngokokuziphatha ngenxa yokuhluleka kwemidlalo yakhe yokuqala kanye nokufa okudabukisayo komkakhe nezingane ezimbili, waphonsa i-libretto yakhe esebenzayo phansi ngokudangala. Ngokumangalisayo, ivula ekhasini ngengoma yabathunjwa abangamaJuda, futhi, ishaqiswe imigqa ethi “O zwe elihle elilahlekile! Sawubona, izinkumbulo ezibulalayo! ”, UVerdi uqala ukubhala umculo ngokudangala…

Ukungenelela kwe-Providence kwashintsha ngokushesha isiphetho somqambi: i-opera ethi "Nabucco" yaba yimpumelelo enkulu futhi yamnika umhlangano nomkakhe wesibili, i-soprano Giuseppina Strepponi. Futhi ikhwaya yesigqila yayithandwa kakhulu amaNtaliyane kangangokuthi yaba iculo lesizwe lesibili. Futhi hhayi kuphela amanye amakhwaya, kodwa futhi i-arias evela kuma-operas ka-Verdi kamuva yaqala ukuculwa abantu njengezingoma zomdabu zase-Italy.

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Umgomo we-chthonic emculweni uvame ukuphakamisa imicabango mayelana namaqhinga kadeveli. Abantu besikhathi sakhe badimoni ubuhlakani buka-Niccolo Paganini, owamangaza izilaleli ngethalente lakhe elingenamkhawulo lokuthuthuka nokusebenza okujabulisayo. Umfanekiso we-violinist ovelele wayezungezwe izinganekwane ezimnyama: kwaba namahemuhemu ukuthi wathengisa umphefumulo wakhe nge-violin yemilingo nokuthi insimbi yakhe yayiqukethe umphefumulo wothandekayo owambulala.

Lapho uPaganini efa ngo-1840, izinganekwane ngomculi zamdlala ihlaya elinonya. Iziphathimandla zamaKatolika e-Italy zakwenqabela ukungcwatshwa ezweni lakubo, futhi izinsalela zomdlali wevayolini zathola ukuthula eParma ngemva kweminyaka engu-56 kuphela.

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I-Fatal Numerology, noma isiqalekiso se-symphony yesishiyagalolunye…

Amandla adlulele kanye nezindlela zobuqhawe zika-Ludwig van Beethoven's dying Ninth Symphony zibangele ukwesaba okungcwele ezinhliziyweni zabalaleli. Ukwesaba izinkolelo-ze kwaqina ngemva kokufa kukaFranz Schubert, owangenwa amakhaza emngcwabeni kaBeethoven, eshiya ama-symphony ayisishiyagalolunye. Khona-ke “isiqalekiso sesishiyagalolunye,” esisekelwa izibalo ezixegayo, saqala ukuzuza umfutho. “Izisulu” kwakungu-Anton Bruckner, u-Antonin Dvorak, uGustav Mahler, u-Alexander Glazunov no-Alfred Schnittke.

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Ukucwaninga ngezinombolo kuye kwaholela ekuveleni kwenye insumansumane ebulalayo ngabaculi okuthiwa basheshe bafe beneminyaka engu-27. Inkolelo-ze yasakazeka ngemva kokushona kukaKurt Cobain, futhi namuhla okuthiwa “i-Club 27” ihlanganisa uBrian Jones, uJimi Hendrix. , Janis Joplin, Jim Morrison, Amy Winehouse nabanye abangaba ngu-40.

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Ngabe uMozart uzongisiza ngihlakaniphe?

Phakathi kwezinganekwane eziningi ezizungeze i-Austrian genius, inganekwane ngomculo kaWolfgang Amadeus Mozart njengendlela yokwandisa i-IQ inempumelelo ethile kwezohwebo. Injabulo yaqala ngo-1993 lapho kunyatheliswa isihloko sesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo uFrancis Rauscher, esathi ukulalela uMozart kusheshisa ukukhula kwezingane. Ngemva kwalesi senzo, amarekhodi aqala ukudayisa izigidi zamakhophi emhlabeni wonke, futhi kuze kube manje, mhlawumbe ngethemba “lomphumela weMozart,” izingoma zakhe zizwakala ezitolo, ezindizeni, komakhalekhukhwini nezingcingo ezilindile. imigqa.

Ucwaningo olwalandela lukaRauscher, olwabonisa ukuthi izinkomba ze-neurophysiological ezinganeni empeleni zithuthukiswa izifundo zomculo, azizange zithandwa yinoma ubani.

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Izinganekwane zomculo njengesikhali sezepolitiki

Izazi-mlando nezazi zomculo azilokothi ziyeke ukuphikisana ngezimbangela zokufa kukaMozart, kodwa inguqulo u-Antonio Salieri wambulala ngenxa yomona ingenye inganekwane. Ngokusemthethweni, ubulungiswa bomlando bomNtaliyane, eqinisweni owaphumelela kakhulu kunabanye abaculi, bubuyiselwe yinkantolo yaseMilan ngo-1997.

Kukholakala ukuthi uSalieri wanyundelwa ngabaculi besikole sase-Austrian ukuze adicilele phansi isikhundla esiqinile sezimbangi zakhe zase-Italy enkantolo yaseViennese. Kodwa-ke, emasikweni athandwayo, ngenxa yenhlekelele ye-AS Pushkin kanye nefilimu kaMilos Forman, i-stereotype ethi "genius and villainy" yayigxilile.

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Ekhulwini lama-20, ukucatshangelwa okungosomathuba izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa kwanikeza ukudla kwezinganekwane embonini yomculo. Umkhondo wamahemuhemu nezambulo ezihambisana nomculo usebenza njengenkomba yentshisekelo kule ndawo yempilo yomphakathi ngakho-ke unelungelo lokuba khona.