I-Erhu: incazelo yethuluzi, ukwakheka, umlando, uhlelo lokusebenza

Esikweni lamaShayina, i-erhu ibhekwa njengensimbi eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, izingoma zayo ezikwazi ukudlulisa imizwelo ejulile, okuhlangenwe nakho okuthinta inhliziyo nokuthambile.

I-violin yaseShayina inomsuka wasendulo, umlando wokuvela kwayo uneminyaka engaphezu kwenkulungwane. Namuhla, umculo we-erhu awuzwakali kuphela emaqenjini ezizwe, kodwa futhi usondela esikweni lezemfundo laseYurophu, elidumile emazweni ahlukene omhlaba.

Yini i-erhu

Insimbi ingeyeqembu lezintambo zomnsalo. Inezintambo ezimbili kuphela. Ibanga lomsindo lingama-octaves amathathu. I-timbre iseduze nokucula kwe-falsetto. Ivayolini ye-erhu yamaShayina ihlukaniswa nomsindo wayo ozwakalayo; ku-orchestra kazwelonke yesimanje yoMbuso Wasezulwini, ilandela i-raohu ngephimbo. Umnsalo usebenza phakathi kwezintambo ezimbili, wenza ingqikithi eyodwa ngensimbi yomculo.

Kukholakala ukuthi ungaqala ukufunda i-Play kusukela uneminyaka engu-4.

Idivayisi ye-Erhu

Le violin yaseShayina inomzimba nentamo lapho izintambo zinwetshwa khona. Icala liwukhuni, lingaba ne-hexagonal noma libe nesimo se-cylindrical. Yenza umsebenzi ozwakalayo, ihlinzekwa nge-membrane yesikhumba senyoka. I-cylindrical resonator yenziwe ngezinhlobo zezinkuni eziyigugu. Ubude bensimbi buyi-81 cm, ama-specimens amadala ayemancane. Ekupheleni kwentamo, eyenziwe ngoqalo, kunekhanda eligobile elinezikhonkwane ezimbili ezithungiwe.

Ukuhlelwa okungajwayelekile komnsalo phakathi kwezintambo kuyisici esihlukile sensimbi yesiShayina ye-erhu. Ukuze ugweme umsindo ozwakalayo ovela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuyadingeka ukugubha umnsalo nge-rosin. Kodwa lokhu akulula ukukwenza ngenxa yomklamo oyinkimbinkimbi. AmaShayina azisungulele eyawo indlela yokunakekela ivayolini. Baconsa i-rosin encibilikisiwe ibe yisimo esiwuketshezi futhi bahlikihle umnsalo, bewuthinta ku-resonator.

Umlando

Phakathi nokubusa koBukhosi BamaTang eShayina, ukuqala kwamasiko kuyaqala. Enye yezinkomba eziyinhloko ekudumeni umculo. Ngalezi zikhathi, kwakunakwa kakhulu i-erhu. Nakuba emaphandleni bafunda ukudlala insimbi imizulane eyalethwa eMbusweni Wezulu ngaphambili kakhulu. Abaculi babecula izingoma ezidabukisayo ezikhuluma ngemisebenzi yasendlini, umsebenzi, nemicimbi emindenini.

I-violin enezintambo ezimbili yayidume kakhulu ezifundeni ezisenyakatho, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izifundazwe eziseningizimu nazo zamukela i-Play kuyo. Ngalezo zinsuku, i-erhu yayingabhekwa njengethuluzi "elingathi sína", laliyingxenye yamaqoqo abantu. Cishe eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, ngeminyaka yawo-20s, umqambi waseShayina u-Liu Tianhua wethula imisebenzi eyedwa yale violin emphakathini womculo.

Ungayisebenzisa kuphi

Insimbi yomculo enezintambo ethi erhu ayizwakali kuphela kumaqoqo omdabu wesintu. Ikhulu leminyaka elidlule limakwe ukuthambekela kwakhe esikweni lezemfundo laseYurophu. Ngezindlela eziningi, uGeorge Gao ufake isandla ekwandiseni ivayolini yamaShayina. Umculi wafunda eYurophu isikhathi eside ukudlala izinsimbi ezihlukahlukene ezinezintambo ezikhotheme futhi waba nesandla ekukhuthazeni i-erhu hhayi eChina kuphela.

Abaculi bemidlalo yeshashalazi eShayina bayashelela ukuyidlala. Umsindo omnandi, omnandi uvame ukuzwakala emikhiqizweni evusa amadlingozi, kumakhonsathi wezinsimbi, emsindweni oyedwa. Okumangazayo ukuthi i-violin enezintambo ezimbili manje isisetshenziswa nabaculi be-jazz ukukhombisa izitayela zobuhlanga. Umsindo wensimbi uhlanganiswe ngokuphelele nabameleli bomndeni womoya, isibonelo, umtshingo we-xiao.

Idlalwa kanjani i-erhu

Ukwenza umculo kuhilela ukusebenzisa indlela ekhethekile. Ngesikhathi edlala ivayolini, umculi uyibeka ibheke phezulu, encike edolweni. Iminwe yesandla sobunxele icindezela izintambo, kodwa ungazicindezeli entanyeni. Abadlali basebenzisa indlela "ye-vibratto eguquguqukayo" lapho iyunithi yezinhlamvu icindezelwa phansi.

Umculo eShayina awumdala kangako kunempucuko uqobo. Ekuqaleni, kwakungahloselwe ukuzijabulisa nokuzijabulisa, kodwa ukuhlanzwa kwemicabango, ithuba lokucwiliswa ngaphakathi kwakho. I-Erhu enomsindo omnandi nomsindo we-melancholic iyithuluzi elikuvumela ukuthi ungene ngaphakathi kwakho, uzwe amandla Omhlaba, futhi uzwe ukuzwana.