Evgeny Fyodorovich Stankovych |

Yevhen Stankovych

Emthaleni wabaqambi base-Ukraine bama-70s. U-E. Stankovich ungomunye wabaholi. Imvelaphi yayo ilele, okokuqala, emibonweni emikhulu, emibonweni, ekuhlanganisweni kwezinkinga zempilo, ukufana kwazo komculo, futhi ekugcineni kube sesikhundleni somphakathi, ekusekelweni okungaguquki kwemibono, emzabalazweni (hhayi ongokomfanekiso - owangempela! ) nezikhulu zomculo.

I-Stankevich ibizwa ngokuthi "igagasi elisha lendabuko". Lokhu cishe akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele, ngoba akabheki inganekwane njengendlela yokuhlanganisa lokhu noma leso sithombe. Kuye kuwuhlobo oluthile lokuphila, imfanelo ebalulekile. Ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa ngomusa kwezindikimba nezithombe zabantu, okugodliwe nge-prism yombono wesimanje womhlaba kubo bonke ubunkimbinkimbi bawo, ukuguquguquka, nokungahambisani.

UStankovich wazalelwa edolobheni elincane laseTranscarpathia laseSvalyava. Isikole somculo, isikole somculo, isevisi e-Soviet Army. Ngemva demobilization, uba umfundi Kyiv Conservatory (1965). Iminyaka emi-3 efunda ekilasini lika-B. Lyatoshinsky, u-Stankovich wakwazi ukugxilisa isimiso sakhe sokuziphatha okuhle kakhulu: ukwethembeka kokubili kwezobuciko nasezenzweni. Ngemva kokushona kukathisha, uStankovich wathuthela ekilasini likaM. Skorik, owanikeza isikole esihle kakhulu sobuchwepheshe.

Konke emculweni kungaphansi kukaStankovich. Ungumnikazi wazo zonke izinhlobo zesimanje zokuqamba. I-Dodecaphony, i-aleatoric, imiphumela ye-sonorous, ikholaji isetshenziswa ngokwemvelo ngumqambi, kodwa akukho ndawo lapho iba umgomo wokuzimela.

Kusukela eminyakeni yakhe yomfundi, u-Stankovich ubelokhu ebhala okuningi futhi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, kodwa imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu yadalwa ezinhlotsheni ze-symphonic nezomculo-yaseshashalazini: Sinfonietta, ama-symphonies angu-5, ama-ballet u-Olga no-Prometheus, i-opera folk I-Fern Blooms - lezi kanye neminye imisebenzi imakwe ngezici zangempela, ezingavamile.

I-symphony yokuqala (“Sinfonia larga”) yezinsimbi zomculo ezinezintambo ezingu-15 (1973) iyisimo esingavamile somjikelezo wokunyakaza okukodwa ku-tempo ehamba kancane. Lezi yimicabango ejulile yefilosofi neyomculo, lapho isipho sikaStankovich njenge-polyphonist sabonakaliswa ngokucacile.

Emthaleni wabaqambi base-Ukraine bama-70s. U-E. Stankovich ungomunye wabaholi. Imvelaphi yayo ilele, okokuqala, emibonweni emikhulu, emibonweni, ekuhlanganisweni kwezinkinga zempilo, ukufana kwazo komculo, futhi ekugcineni kube sesikhundleni somphakathi, ekusekelweni okungaguquki kwemibono, emzabalazweni (hhayi ongokomfanekiso - owangempela! ) nezikhulu zomculo.

I-Stankevich ibizwa ngokuthi "igagasi elisha lendabuko". Lokhu cishe akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele, ngoba akabheki inganekwane njengendlela yokuhlanganisa lokhu noma leso sithombe. Kuye kuwuhlobo oluthile lokuphila, imfanelo ebalulekile. Ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa ngomusa kwezindikimba nezithombe zabantu, okugodliwe nge-prism yombono wesimanje womhlaba kubo bonke ubunkimbinkimbi bawo, ukuguquguquka, nokungahambisani.

UStankovich wazalelwa edolobheni elincane laseTranscarpathia laseSvalyava. Isikole somculo, isikole somculo, isevisi e-Soviet Army. Ngemva demobilization, uba umfundi Kyiv Conservatory (1965). Iminyaka emi-3 efunda ekilasini lika-B. Lyatoshinsky, u-Stankovich wakwazi ukugxilisa isimiso sakhe sokuziphatha okuhle kakhulu: ukwethembeka kokubili kwezobuciko nasezenzweni. Ngemva kokushona kukathisha, uStankovich wathuthela ekilasini likaM. Skorik, owanikeza isikole esihle kakhulu sobuchwepheshe.

Konke emculweni kungaphansi kukaStankovich. Ungumnikazi wazo zonke izinhlobo zesimanje zokuqamba. I-Dodecaphony, i-aleatoric, imiphumela ye-sonorous, ikholaji isetshenziswa ngokwemvelo ngumqambi, kodwa akukho ndawo lapho iba umgomo wokuzimela.

Kusukela eminyakeni yakhe yomfundi, u-Stankovich ubelokhu ebhala okuningi futhi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, kodwa imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu yadalwa ezinhlotsheni ze-symphonic nezomculo-yaseshashalazini: Sinfonietta, ama-symphonies angu-5, ama-ballet u-Olga no-Prometheus, i-opera folk I-Fern Blooms - lezi kanye neminye imisebenzi imakwe ngezici zangempela, ezingavamile.

I-symphony yokuqala (“Sinfonia larga”) yezinsimbi zomculo ezinezintambo ezingu-15 (1973) iyisimo esingavamile somjikelezo wokunyakaza okukodwa ku-tempo ehamba kancane. Lezi yimicabango ejulile yefilosofi neyomculo, lapho isipho sikaStankovich njenge-polyphonist sabonakaliswa ngokucacile.

Izithombe ezihluke ngokuphelele, ezingqubuzanayo zingena ku-Symphony Yesibili ("Heroic") (1975), embozwe, ngamazwi omqambi, "uphawu oluvuthayo" lweMpi Enkulu Yokushisekela Izwe.

Ngo-1976, kuvela i-Third Symphony ("I Am Affirmed") - i-epic-philosophical enkulu enezingxenye eziyisithupha ze-symphonic canvas, lapho i-choir yethulwa khona. Inqwaba yezithombe, izixazululo zokuqamba, idramaturgy yomculo ecebile ihlukanisa lo msebenzi, okuholela ekuziphendukeleni komsebenzi kaStankovich. Umehluko Wesithathu I-Symphony Yesine, eyadalwa ngemva konyaka (“Sinfonia lirisa”), isitatimende esinenhlonipho esihlatshelelwayo somculi. Ekugcineni, okokugcina, Okwesihlanu (“Pastoral Symphony”) iyisivumo senkondlo esiyinkondlo, ukucabanga ngemvelo kanye nendawo yomuntu kuyo (1980). Ngakho-ke ama-motifs-chants amafushane nezimpawu zendabuko eziqondile, ezingavamile ku-Stankovich.

Kanye nemibono emikhulu, i-Stankevich ivame ukuphendukela ezitatimendeni zegumbi. Ama-Miniatures, aklanyelwe iqembu elincane labalingisi, anika amandla umqambi ukuthi adlulisele ukushintsha kwemizwa ngokushesha, enze imininingwane emincane yezakhiwo, akhanyise izithombe ngama-engeli ahlukene futhi, ngenxa yekhono langempela, enze izingoma eziphelele, mhlawumbe ezisondele kakhulu. (Izinga lokuphelela lifakazelwa nawukuthi ngo-1985 Ikhomishana Yomculo ye-UNESCO yaqamba i-Third Chamber Symphony ka-Stankovic (1982) phakathi kwezingoma eziyi-10 ezihamba phambili emhlabeni.)

U-Stankovich uphinde ukhangwe yimidlalo yaseshashalazini yomculo, ngaphezu kwakho konke ithuba lokuthinta umlando. I-folk-opera ethi When the Fern Blooms (1979) ayijwayelekile ekuqanjweni kwayo. Lolu uchungechunge lwezigcawu zasekhaya nezesiko ezihloselwe ukusebenza kwekhonsathi Ikhwaya ye-State Ukraine Folk edume umhlaba wonke. G. Izintambo. Ekuhlanganiseni okuphilayo kwamasampula ezinganekwane zangempela nomculo wombhali: uhlobo lwedrama yomculo luyazalwa - ngaphandle kwesakhiwo, eduze ne-suite.

Ezinye izinhlelo zenhlangano yezinto ezibonakalayo zatholakala kuma-ballet u-Olga (1982) no-Prometheus (1985). Izehlakalo ezinkulu zomlando, izithombe ezihlukene kanye nezindaba zezindaba zondla inhlabathi ukuze kuqaliswe ukusebenza komculo okumangalisayo. Emculweni we-ballet "Olga" imigqa yezindaba ehlukahlukene iveza imibono eyahlukene: lapha kukhona izigcawu zamaqhawe, izigcawu zothando ezithambile, nezigcawu zemikhuba yabantu. Lokhu, mhlawumbe, ukubunjwa kwentando yeningi kakhulu nguStankovich, ngoba, njenganoma iyiphi enye indawo, isiqalo somculo sisetshenziswa kabanzi lapha.

Ezinye izindawo zokuhlala e- Prometheus. Ngokungafani nesakhiwo esinqunyiwe se-"Olga", kunezindiza ezi-2 lapha: zangempela nezingokomfanekiso. Umqambi wenza umsebenzi onzima kakhulu: ukuhlanganisa ingqikithi ye-Great October Socialist Revolution ngezindlela zomculo.

Wasizwa ukuba agweme ukuvinjelwa, ukuqondile, kanye nama-clichés hhayi nje ngokuchazwa kothando kwezithombe ezingokomfanekiso (u-Prometheus, indodakazi yakhe u-Iskra), kodwa, okokuqala, ngokuthuthukiswa okungavamile kwezindikimba, ulimi lwesimanje ngaphandle kwemvume yemithetho yemithetho yezwe. uhlobo. Isixazululo somculo siphenduke sajula kakhulu kunomugqa ongaphandle. Ikakhulukazi eduze komqambi umfanekiso ka-Prometheus, owaletha okuhle esintwini futhi umiselwe ukuhlupheka phakade ngenxa yalesi senzo. Isakhiwo se-ballet siyazuzisa ngoba senze kwaba nokwenzeka ukusunduza imihlaba emibili ye-polar ndawonye. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwavela ukwakheka okungqubuzana kakhulu, okunamandla okukhuphuka okumangalisayo namazwi, ukubhuqa kanye nenhlekelele yangempela.

"Ukulola "umuntu kumuntu", ukwenza izwe lakhe elingokomzwelo, ingqondo yakhe isabela kalula "kuzimpawu zokubiza" zabanye abantu. Khona-ke indlela yokubamba iqhaza, uzwela ngeke likuvumele nje kuphela ukuthi uqonde ingqikithi yomsebenzi, kodwa nakanjani izohlose ukulalela izinkinga zanamuhla. Lesi sitatimende sikaStankovych sibonisa ngokunembile isikhundla sakhe somphakathi futhi siveza incazelo yomsebenzi wakhe osebenzayo womphakathi (unobhala weNyunyana yabaqambi base-USSR kanye nonobhala wokuqala we-Union of Composers ye-SSR yase-Ukraine, iphini le-Supreme Soviet ye-SSR yase-Ukraine. , isekela labantu base-USSR), inhloso yakho kuwukwenza okuhle.

S. Filstein