I-Gaspare Spontini (Gaspare Spontini) |

I-Gaspare Spontini

Spontini. "Vestal". "O nume tutelar" (uMaria Callas)

UGaspare Spontini wazalelwa eMaiolati, e-Ancona. Ufunde ePieta dei Turchini Conservatory eNaples. Phakathi kothisha bakhe kwakunoN. Piccinni. Ngo-1796, i-premiere ye-opera yokuqala yomqambi, ethi The Caprices of a Woman, yenzeka eRoma. Kamuva, uSpontini udale ama-opera angama-20. Waphila ingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwakhe eFrance (1803-1820 nangemva kuka-1842) naseJalimane (1820-1842).

Phakathi nenkathi yesiFulentshi (eyinhloko) yokuphila kwakhe nomsebenzi, wabhala imisebenzi yakhe eyinhloko: ama-operas Vestalka (1807), Fernand Cortes (1809) kanye ne-Olympia (1819). Isitayela somqambi sihlukaniswa nge-pomposity, i-pathos kanye nesilinganiso, esivumelana kakhulu nomoya we-Napoleonic France, lapho ejabulela khona impumelelo enkulu (isikhathi esithile wayengumqambi wenkantolo ye-Empress). Umsebenzi kaSpontini ubonakala ngezici zokuguquka kusuka emasikweni kaGluck ekhulu le-18 kuya ku-opera “enkulu” yesiFulentshi yekhulu le-19 (kumuntu wabameleli bayo abahamba phambili u-Aubert, Meyerbeer). Ubuciko bukaSpontini baziswa nguWagner, Berlioz nabanye abaculi abakhulu bekhulu le-19.

Ku-Vestal, umsebenzi wakhe omuhle kakhulu, umqambi wakwazi ukufeza ukuvezwa okukhulu hhayi kuphela ezigcawini zesixuku ezigcwele amamashi anesizotha nobuqhawe, kodwa nasezigcawini zezingoma ezisuka enhliziyweni. Waphumelela ikakhulukazi endimeni eyinhloko kaJulia (noma uJulia). Inkazimulo ye "Vestal" yawela ngokushesha imingcele yaseFrance. Ngo-1811 wenziwa eBerlin. Ngawo lowo nyaka, i-Premiere yaba yimpumelelo enkulu e-Naples ngesiNtaliyane (edlala no-Isabella Colbran). Ngo-1814, i-premiere yaseRussia yenzeke eSt. Ngekhulu lama-20, uRosa Poncelle (1925, Metropolitan), Maria Callas (1957, La Scala), Leila Gencher (1969, Palermo) nabanye bagqama endimeni kaJulia. I-arias ka-Yulia yesenzo sesi-2 iyingxenye yobuciko be-opera yakudala "Tu che invoco" kanye "no-O Nume tutelar" (inguqulo yesi-Italian).

Ngo-1820-1842 uSpontini wayehlala eBerlin, lapho ayengumqambi wenkantolo kanye nomqhubi omkhulu weRoyal Opera. Ngalesi sikhathi, umsebenzi womqambi wehla. Akabange esakwazi ukudala noma yini elingana nemisebenzi yakhe engcono kakhulu yenkathi yesiFulentshi.

E. Tsodokov

UGaspape Luigi Pacifico Spontini (XI 14, 1774, Maiolati-Spontini, Prov. Ancona - 24 I 1851, ibid) - umqambi wase-Italy. Ilungu le-Prussian (1833) kanye ne-Parisian (1839) academy of art. Kwavela abalimi. Wathola imfundo yakhe yokuqala yomculo e-Jesi, wafunda nabahleli bomculo u-J. Menghini no-V. Chuffalotti. Wafunda ePieta dei Turchini Conservatory eNaples noN. Sala noJ. Tritto; kamuva, isikhathi esithile, wathatha izifundo ku-N. Piccinni.

Uqale ukucula ngo-1796 nge-opera yamahlaya ethi The Caprices of a Woman (Li puntigli delle donne, Pallacorda Theatre, Rome). Yakha ama-opera amaningi (i-buffa ne-seria) ye-Rome, i-Naples, i-Florence, i-Venice. Ehola isonto lenkantolo yaseNeapolitan, ngo-1798-99 wayesePalermo. Mayelana nokudlalwa kwama-opera akhe, uphinde wavakashela namanye amadolobha ase-Italy.

Ngo-1803-20 wayehlala eParis. Kusukela ngo-1805 waba "umqambi wendlu ye-Empress", kusukela ngo-1810 umqondisi we "Theatre of the Empress", kamuva - umqambi wenkantolo kaLouis XVIII (wanikezwa i-Order of the Legion of Honor). E-Paris, udale futhi wadlala ama-opera amaningi, okuhlanganisa ne-Vestal Virgin (1805; I-Opera Engcono Kakhulu Yomklomelo Weminyaka Eyishumi, 1810), lapho bathola khona ukubonakaliswa kwesitayela soMbuso esiteji se-opera. Okumangalisayo, okudabukisayo-amaqhawe, agcwele imashi enesizotha, ama-opera ka-Spontini ayehambisana nomoya wombuso waseFrance. Kusukela ngo-1820 wayengumqambi wenkantolo kanye nomqondisi jikelele womculo eBerlin, lapho enza khona inqwaba yama-opera amasha.

Ngo-1842, ngenxa yokungqubuzana nomphakathi we-opera (u-Spontini akazange aqonde umkhuba omusha kazwelonke ku-opera yaseJalimane, emelwe umsebenzi ka-KM Weber), uSpontini wahamba waya eParis. Ekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe wabuyela ezweni lakubo. Imibhalo kaSpontini, eyadalwa ngemva kokuhlala kwakhe eParis, yafakazela ukuwohloka okuthile komcabango wakhe wokudala: waziphindaphinda, akazange ayithole imiqondo yokuqala. Okokuqala, i-opera ethi "Bestalka", eyavula indlela ye-opera enkulu yaseFrance yekhulu le-19, inomlando. U-Spontini waba nethonya elibonakalayo emsebenzini ka-J. Meyerbeer.

Ukwakhiwa:

ama-opera (cishe amaphuzu angama-20 agciniwe), kuhlanganisa. Iqashelwe nguTheseus (1898, Florence), uJulia, noma iFlower Pot (1805, Opera Comic, Paris), Vestal (1805, post. 1807, Imperial Academy of Music, Berlin), Fernand Cortes, noma i-Conquest of Mexico ( 1809 , ibid; 2nd ed. 1817), Olympia (1819, Court Opera House, Berlin; 2nd ed. 1821, ibid.), Alcidor (1825, ibid.), Agnes von Hohenstaufen (1829, ibid. ); ama-cantata, izixuku futhi nokuningi

TH Solovieva