Nikolay Nikolaevich Cherepnin (Nikolai Tcherepnin) |
U-Nikolai Tcherepnin
Kunomhlaba wonke, ophilayo, ohlukahlukene, imisindo yomlingo namaphupho omlingo… F. Tyutchev
Ngo-May 19, 1909, yonke iParis yomculo yashaya ihlombe ngentshiseko i-ballet ethi "Pavilion of Armida", eyavula i-ballet yokuqala "Inkathi YaseRussia", eyayihlelwe yi-propagandist enekhono lobuciko baseRussia u-S. Diaghilev. Abadali be-"Pavilion of Armida", okwathi amashumi eminyaka amaningi bathola ukugxila ezigcawini ze-ballet zomhlaba, kwakuyi-choreographer edumile uM. Fokin, umculi u-A. Benois kanye nomqambi nomqhubi u-N. Cherepnin.
Umfundi ka-N. Rimsky-Korsakov, umngane oseduze ka-A. Glazunov no-A. Lyadov, ilungu lomphakathi owaziwayo "Umhlaba Wezobuciko", umculi owathola ukuqashelwa kwabaningi besikhathi sakhe esivelele, kuhlanganise no-S. Rachmaninov, I. Stravinsky, S. Prokofiev, A. Pavlova, Z. Paliashvili, M. Balanchivadze, A. Spendnarov, S. Vasilenko, S. Koussevitzky, M. Ravel, G. Piernet. Sh. Monte nabanye - uCherepnin wangena emlandweni womculo waseRussia wekhulu lama-XX. elinye lamakhasi agqamile njengomqambi, umdidiyeli, umdlali wopiyano, uthisha.
U-Cherepnin wazalelwa emndenini wodokotela owaziwayo waseSt. Petersburg, udokotela womuntu siqu uF. Dostoevsky. Umndeni wakwaCherepnin wawuhlukaniswa nezithakazelo zobuciko ezibanzi: uyise womqambi wayazi, isibonelo, uM. Mussorgsky no-A. Serov. UTcherepnin wathweswa iziqu eSt. Petersburg University (Faculty of Law) naseSt. Petersburg Conservatory (ikilasi lokuqamba likaN. Rimsky-Korsakov). Kuze kube ngu-1921, wahola impilo esebenzayo yokudala njengomqambi nombhidisi ("Russian Symphony Concertos", amakhonsathi weRussian Musical Society, amakhonsathi ehlobo ePavlovsk, "Amakhonsathi omlando" eMoscow; umqhubi weMariinsky Theatre eSt. I-Opera House eTiflis, ngo-1909- 14 iminyaka engumqhubi we "Russian Seasons" eParis, eLondon, eMonte Carlo, eRoma, eBerlin). Umnikelo kaTcherepnin ekufundiseni umculo mkhulu kakhulu. Ukuba ngo-190518. uthisha (kusukela ngo-1909 uprofesa) we-St. Petersburg Conservatory, wasungula ikilasi lokuqala lokuqhuba eRussia. Abafundi bakhe - S. Prokofiev, N. Malko, Yu. U-Shaporin, V. Dranishnikov kanye nenani labanye abaculi abavelele - amazwi azinikezele othando nokubonga kuye emikhumbuzweni yabo.
Izinsizakalo zikaTcherepnin kusiko lomculo waseGeorgia nazo zinkulu (ngo-1918-21 wayengumqondisi we-Tiflis Conservatory, wasebenza njengomqhubi we-symphony kanye ne-opera).
Kusukela ngo-1921, uCherepnin wayehlala eParis, wasungula i-Russian Conservatory lapho, wabambisana nenkundla ye-ballet ka-A. Pavlova, futhi wavakashela njengomqhubi emazweni amaningi omhlaba. Indlela yokudala ka-N. Tcherepnin yathatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwesigamu sekhulu futhi yaphawulwa ngokudalwa kwama-opus angaphezu kwama-60 ezingoma zomculo, ukuhlelwa kanye nokushintshwa kwemisebenzi yabanye ababhali. Efa elidala lomqambi, elimelelwe yizo zonke izinhlobo zomculo, kunemisebenzi lapho amasiko we-Mighty Handful no-P. Tchaikovsky aqhubeka khona; kepha kukhona (futhi iningi lwayo) imisebenzi esondelene nemikhuba emisha yobuciko yekhulu lesi-XNUMX, kakhulukazi i-impressionism. Angawokuqala futhi ayigama elisha lomculo wesiRashiya wangaleyo nkathi.
Isikhungo sokudala sika-Tcherepnin siqukethe ama-ballet angu-16. Okungcono kakhulu kubo - I-Pavilion yase-Armida (1907), i-Narcissus ne-Echo (1911), I-Mask of the Red Death (1915) - yenzelwe Izinkathi ZaseRussia. Ibalulekile kwezobuciko basekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka, itimu yothando yokungaboni ngaso linye phakathi kwamaphupho neqiniso iyabonakala kulawa ma-ballet anamasu ayisici asondeza umculo kaTcherepnin emdwebeni wabalingisi baseFrance u-C. Monet, O. Renoir, A .Sisley, kanye nabadwebi baseRussia abanemidwebo yomunye wabaculi “abanomculo” wangaleso sikhathi u-V. Borisov-Musatov. Eminye yemisebenzi kaTcherepnin ibhalwe ezindikimbeni zezinganekwane zaseRussia (izinkondlo ze-symphonic "Marya Morevna", "The Tale of the Princess Smile", "Inchanted Bird, the Golden Fish").
Phakathi kwezingoma ze-orchestra zikaTcherepnin (ama-symphonies angu-2, i-Symphonietta ekhumbula uN. Rimsky-Korsakov, inkondlo ye-symphonic ethi "Fate" (ngemuva kwe-E. Poe), Ukuhlukahluka esihlokweni sengoma yesosha ethi "Nightingale, nightingale, inyoni encane", Concerto for upiyano kanye ne-orchestra, njll.) okuthakazelisa kakhulu yimisebenzi yakhe yohlelo: isandulelo se-symphonic esithi “The Princess of Dreams” (emva kuka-E. Rostand), inkondlo yomculo we-symphonic ethi “Macbeth” (engemva kuka-W. Shakespeare), isithombe se-symphonic “The Enchanted Kingdom” (kuya endabeni ye-Firebird), iphupho elimangalisayo “Kusukela emaphethelweni kuye konqenqema ”(ngokwesihloko sefilosofi segama elifanayo lika-F. Tyutchev),“ Indaba Yomdobi Nezinhlanzi ”(ngokusho kuka-A. Pushkin).
Ibhalwe phesheya ngeminyaka yama-30s. i-opera ethi The Matchmaker (esekelwe emdlalweni ka-A. Ostrovsky ethi Poverty Is Not A Vice) kanye noVanka the Key Keeper (okusekelwe ekudlalweni kwegama elifanayo lika-F. Sologub) bayisibonelo esithakazelisayo sokwethula amasu ayinkimbinkimbi okubhala umculo ohlotsheni. ye-Folk ingoma ye-opera yendabuko yomculo waseRussia XX in.
U-Cherepnin uzuze lukhulu ohlotsheni lwe-cantata-oratorio (“Ingoma Ye-Sappho” kanye nenani lemisebenzi engokomoya i-cappella, kuhlanganise “Ukudlula Kwentombi Ebuhlungu” emibhalweni yezinkondlo zomdabu, njll.) nasezinhlotsheni zamakhwaya (“Ubusuku ” ku-st. V. Yuryeva-Drentelna, “Ingoma Endala” esiteshini sika-A. Koltsov, amakhwaya esiteshini sezimbongi ze-People's Will I. Palmina (“Ungakhali phezu kwezidumbu zabalwi abawile”) kanye no-I. Nikitin (“Isikhathi sihamba kancane”). Izinhlamvu zezwi zika-Cherepnin (zothando ezingaphezu kwe-100) zihlanganisa izihloko eziningi neziqephu - kusukela kuzinhlamvu zefilosofi (“Izwi lecilongo” esiteshini sika-D. Merezhkovsky, “Imicabango namagagasi” Isiteshi sika-F. Tyutchev) kuya ezithombeni zemvelo (“Twilight” ngo-F. Tyutchev), kusukela kusitayela esicolisisiwe sezingoma zesiRashiya (“Wreath to Gorodetsky”) kuya ezinganekwaneni (“Fairy Tales” ka-K. Balmont).
Phakathi kweminye imisebenzi kaCherepnin, umuntu kufanele akhulume upiyano lwakhe olumangalisayo "ABC Ezithombeni" ngemidwebo ka-A. Benois, i-String Quartet, ama-quartet wezimpondo ezine nezinye izinhlanganisela zezingoma ezihlukahlukene. U-Cherepnin futhi ungumbhali wama-orchestrations kanye nokuhlelwa kwemisebenzi eminingi yomculo waseRussia (uMelnik the Sorcerer, Deceiver and Matchmaker by M. Sokolovsky, Sorochinsky Fair ka-M. Mussorgsky, njll.).
Emashumini amaningi eminyaka, igama likaTcherepnin alizange livele kumaphosta wemidlalo yaseshashalazini nasekhonsathini, futhi imisebenzi yakhe ayizange ishicilelwe. Kulokhu wabelane ngesiphetho sabaculi abaningi baseRussia abagcina bephesheya ngemuva kwenguquko. Manje umsebenzi womqambi ekugcineni uthathe indawo yawo efanele emlandweni wesiko lomculo waseRussia; amaphuzu amaningana e-symphonic kanye nencwadi yezikhumbuzo zakhe zishicilelwe, i-Sonatina op. 61 for wind, percussion and xylophone, ubuciko bobuciko buka-N. Tcherepnin noM. Fokine, i-ballet "Pavilion of Armida" ilindele ukuvuselelwa kwayo.
MAYELANA. I-Tompakova
