Umlando we-djembe
Djembe iyinsimbi yomculo yendabuko yabantu baseNtshonalanga Afrika. Kuyisigubhu sokhuni, esingenalutho ngaphakathi, esenziwe safana nesitsha, sinesikhumba esinwetshiwe ngaphezulu. Igama liqukethe amagama amabili asho into eyenziwe ngayo: Ujamu - ukhuni oluqinile olumila eMali kanye neBe - isikhumba sembuzi.
Idivayisi ye-Djembe
Ngokwesiko, umzimba we-djembe wenziwe ngokhuni oluqinile, izingodo zibunjwa njenge-hourglass, ingxenye engaphezulu yayo inkulu ngobubanzi kunephansi. Ngaphakathi kwesigubhu kunegobolondo, ngezinye izikhathi amanotshi amise okweconsi ayasikwa ezindongeni ukuze kuthuthukiswe umsindo. Kusetshenziswa ukhuni oluqinile, ukhuni luqinile, izindonga zingenziwa zibe mncane, futhi umsindo uzoba ngcono. I-membrane ngokuvamile iyisikhumba sembuzi noma idube, ngezinye izikhathi inyamazane noma inyamazane. Ixhunywe ngezintambo, amarimu noma ama-clamps, ikhwalithi yomsindo incike ekucindezelekeni. Abakhiqizi banamuhla benza leli thuluzi ngokhuni olunamathiselwe nepulasitiki, okunciphisa kakhulu izindleko. Kodwa-ke, imikhiqizo enjalo ayikwazi ukuqhathaniswa ngomsindo nezigubhu zendabuko.
Umlando we-djembe
I-djembe ithathwa njengethuluzi labantu baseMali, izwe elasungulwa ngekhulu le-13. Yasakazekelaphi emazweni aseNtshonalanga Afrika. Izigubhu ezifana ne-Djembe zikhona kwezinye izizwe zase-Afrika, ezenziwe cishe ngo-500 AD. Izazi-mlando eziningi zibheka iSenegal njengemvelaphi yaleli thuluzi. Izakhamuzi zendawo zinenganekwane mayelana nomzingeli owahlangana nomoya odlala i-djembe, owakhuluma ngamandla amakhulu aleli thuluzi.
Ngokwesimo, umshayi wesigubhu ungowesibili kumholi kanye neshaman. Ezizweni eziningi akanayo eminye imisebenzi. Laba baculi baze babe nonkulunkulu wabo, omelwe yinyanga. Ngokwenganekwane yabanye abantu base-Afrika, uNkulunkulu waqala wadala umshayi wezigubhu, umkhandi wensimbi nomzingeli. Awukho umcimbi wezizwe ongaqediwe ngaphandle kwezigubhu. Imisindo yayo ihambisana nemishado, imingcwabo, imidanso engokwesiko, ukuzalwa komntwana, ukuzingela noma impi, kodwa okokuqala nje iyindlela yokudlulisela ukwaziswa ezindaweni ezikude. Ngokushaya izigubhu, amadolobhana angomakhelwane ayedlulisela izindaba zakamuva komunye nomunye, exwayisa ngengozi. Le ndlela yokuxhumana yayibizwa ngokuthi “Bush Telegraph”.
Ngokusho kocwaningo, umsindo wokudlala i-djembe, ozwakala ebangeni elingamakhilomitha angu-5-7, ukhuphuka ebusuku, ngenxa yokungabikho kwemisinga yomoya oshisayo. Ngakho, bedlulisela induku emzaneni ngesigodi, abashayi bezigubhu babekwazi ukwazisa sonke isifunda. Izikhathi eziningi abantu baseYurophu babebona ukusebenza kwe-"bush telegraph". Ngokwesibonelo, lapho iNdlovukazi uVictoria ishona, umlayezo wasakazwa ngomsakazo eNtshonalanga Afrika, kodwa kwakungekho telegraph ezindaweni ezikude, futhi umyalezo wawudluliselwa ngabashayi bezigubhu. Ngakho, lezi zindaba ezidabukisayo zafinyelela ezikhulwini ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngisho namasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kwesaziso esisemthethweni.
Omunye wabaseYurophu bokuqala abafunda ukudlala i-djembe kwakunguCaptain RS Ratray. Esizweni sama-Ashanti, wafunda ukuthi ngosizo lokushaya izigubhu, bakhiqiza izingcindezi, ukumiswa kwesikhashana, ongwaqa nonkamisa. Ikhodi yeMorse ayifani nokushaya isigubhu.
Indlela yokudlala ye-Djemba
Ngokuvamile i-djembe idlalwe imile, ilenga isigubhu ngemichilo ekhethekile futhi iyibophe phakathi kwemilenze. Abanye abaculi bakhetha ukudlala ngenkathi behlezi esigubhini esincibilikile, noma kunjalo, ngale ndlela, intambo yokubopha iyawohloka, ulwelwesi luyangcola, futhi umzimba wensimbi awuklanyelwe imithwalo esindayo futhi ungase uqhume. Isigubhu sidlalwa ngezandla zombili. Kunamathoni amathathu: amabhesi aphansi, aphezulu, kanye nempama noma impama. Lapho ushaya isikhungo se-membrane, i-bass ikhishwa, isondele emaphethelweni, umsindo ophezulu, futhi i-spap itholakala ngokushaya kancane emaphethelweni ngamathambo eminwe.
