Gina Bachauer |

Gina Bachauer

Engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-20, ukubonakala kwabadlali bopiyano besifazane kwakungavamile njengoba kwenzeka manje, ngesikhathi “sokukhululwa” kwabesifazane emiqhudelwaneni yamazwe ngamazwe. Kodwa ukuvunyelwa kwabo ekuphileni kwekhonsathi kwaba isenzakalo esiphawuleka nakakhulu. Phakathi kwalabo abakhethwa kwakunoGina Bachauer, abazali bakhe, ababevela e-Austria, ababehlala eGreece. Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40 egcina indawo yokuhlonishwa phakathi kwamakhonsathi. Indlela yakhe eya phezulu ayizange igcwale ama-roses - kwadingeka ukuthi, eqinisweni, aqale phansi kathathu.

Umculo wokuqala wentombazane eneminyaka emihlanu ubudala wuphiyano lwamathoyizi eliphiwa unina ngoKhisimusi. Ngokushesha yathathelwa indawo upiyano lwangempela, futhi lapho eneminyaka engu-8 wanikeza ikhonsathi yakhe yokuqala edolobheni lakubo - e-Athens. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, umdlali wopiyano osemusha wadlala u-Arthur Rubinstein, owameluleka ukuba afundele umculo. Kwalandela iminyaka yokufunda - okokuqala e-Athens Conservatory, lapho athola khona indondo yegolide ekilasini lika-V. Fridman, kwase kuba se-Ecole Normal eParis no-A. Cortot.

Njengoba engasenaso isikhathi sokwenza i-debut yakhe eParis, umculi wopiyano waphoqeleka ukuba abuyele ekhaya, njengoba uyise wayengenamali. Ukuze ondle umndeni wakhe, kwadingeka akhohlwe okwesikhashana ngomsebenzi wakhe wobuciko futhi aqale ukufundisa upiyano e-Athens Conservatory. U-Gina wagcina uhlobo lwakhe lomculo wepiyano ngaphandle kokuzethemba okukhulu ukuthi uzokwazi ukunikeza amakhonsathi futhi. Kodwa ngo-1933 wazama inhlanhla emqhudelwaneni wepiyano eVienna futhi wawina indondo yokuhlonishwa. Eminyakeni emibili eyalandela, waba nenhlanhla yokuxhumana noSergei Rachmaninov nokusebenzisa iseluleko sakhe eParis naseSwitzerland. Futhi ngo-1935, u-Bachauer wadlala okokuqala njengomdlali wepiyano okhokhelwayo e-Athens nge-orchestra eqhutshwa u-D. Mitropoulos. Inhloko-dolobha yaseGrisi ngaleso sikhathi yayibhekwa njengesifundazwe ngokwempilo yamasiko, kodwa inzwabethi mayelana nomdlali wopiyano onekhono waqala ukusabalala kancane kancane. Ngo-1937, wenza eParis noPierre Monte, wabe esenikeza amakhonsathi emadolobheni aseFrance nase-Italy, wathola isimemo sokuyodlala ezikhungweni eziningi zamasiko eMpumalanga Ephakathi.

Ukugqashuka kweMpi Yezwe kanye nokuhlala kweGreece ngamaNazi kwaphoqa lo mculi ukuba abalekele eGibhithe. Phakathi neminyaka yempi, u-Bachauer akagcini nje ngokuphazamisa umsebenzi wakhe, kodwa, ngokuphambene nalokho, uwuvula ngazo zonke izindlela; wanikeza amakhonsathi angaphezu kuka-600 amasosha nezikhulu zamabutho ahlangene ayelwa namaNazi e-Afrika. Kodwa kuphela ngemva kokunqotshwa kwe-fascism, umdlali wopiyano waqala umsebenzi wakhe okwesithathu. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yawo-40, izilaleli eziningi zaseYurophu zahlangana naye, kwathi ngo-1950 wacula e-USA futhi, ngokusho komdlali wopiyano odumile u-A. Chesins, “walalisa abagxeki baseNew York ngokoqobo.” Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, u-Bachauer uhlala eMelika, lapho ejabulela khona ukuthandwa okubanzi: indlu yomculi yayigcina izihluthulelo ezingokomfanekiso emadolobheni amaningi ase-US, ezethulwa kuye ngabalaleli ababongayo. Wayevame ukuvakashela eGreece, lapho ayehlonishwa khona njengomdlali wopiyano omkhulu emlandweni wezwe, odlalwa eYurophu naseLatin America; Izilaleli zaseScandinavia zizokhumbula amakhonsathi akhe ahlangene nomqhubi weSoviet uKonstantin Ivanov.

Idumela lika-Gina Bachauer lalisekelwe kokwangempela okungangabazeki, ubusha futhi, okuyindida njengoba kungase kuzwakale, isidala sokudlala kwakhe. “Akangeni kunoma yisiphi isikole,” kubhala uchwepheshe wobuciko bepiyano njengoHarold Schonberg. “Ngokungafani nabashayi bopiyano abaningi besimanje, wakhula waba nothando olumsulwa, umuntu onekhono ngokungangabazeki; njengoHorowitz, uyi-atavism. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-repertoire yakhe inkulu ngokungavamile, futhi udlala abaqambi, abangakwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-romantics. Abagxeki baseJalimane baphinde bathi uBachauer "wayengumdlali wopiyano ngesitayela esihle sesiko le-virtuoso lekhulu lesi-XNUMX."

Ngempela, uma ulalela okuqoshiwe komdlali wepiyano, ngezinye izikhathi kubonakala sengathi "uzalwa sekwephuzile". Kwaba sengathi konke okutholakele, yonke imisinga yomculo wopiyano womhlaba, kabanzi, ubuciko bokudlala kwase kudlule kuye. Kodwa-ke uyabona ukuthi lokhu nakho kunokukhanga kwakho kanye nemvelaphi yako, ikakhulukazi lapho umculi enza amakhonsathi esikhumbuzo kaBeethoven noma amaBrahms ngezinga elikhulu. Ngoba angeke kwenqatshelwe ubuqotho, ukulula, umqondo onembile wesitayela nefomu, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo akusho neze amandla "owesifazane" kanye nesilinganiso. Akumangalisi ukuthi uHoward Taubman wabhala kuyi- New York Times, ebukeza elinye lamakhonsathi kaBachauer: “Imibono yakhe ivela endleleni umsebenzi owabhalwa ngayo, hhayi kuleyo mibono ngawo eyethulwa ngaphandle. Unamandla amakhulu kangangokuthi, ekwazi ukunikeza wonke umsindo odingekayo, uyakwazi ukudlala kalula futhi, ngisho nasemvuthwandaba wobudlova kakhulu, alondoloze intambo ecacile yokuxhuma.

Ubuhle bomdlali wopiyano babonakala ku-repertoire ebanzi kakhulu. Udlale inqwaba yemisebenzi - kusukela ku-Bach, u-Haydn, u-Mozart kuya kubantu besikhathi sethu, ngaphandle, ngamazwi akhe, ukubikezela okuthile. Kepha kuyaphawuleka ukuthi i-repertoire yakhe ihlanganisa imisebenzi eminingi edalwe ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX, kusukela ku-Rachmaninov's Third Concerto, eyayibhekwa kufanele njengelinye “lamahhashi” omdlali wopiyano, kuya kwezicucu zopiyano zikaShostakovich. U-Bachauer wayengumculi wokuqala wamakhonsathi ka-Arthur Bliss noMikis Theodorakis, kanye nemisebenzi eminingi yabaqambi abancane. Leli qiniso lilodwa likhuluma ngekhono lakhe lokubona, ukuthanda nokuthuthukisa umculo wesimanje.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya.