Krystian Zimerman |

Krystian Zimerman

Ukushesha kokukhuphuka kobuciko bomculi wasePoland kubonakala kungakholeki: ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zoMncintiswano we-IX Chopin eWarsaw, umfundi oneminyaka engu-18 waseKatowice Academy of Music wahamba kude nokufihlwa komuntu ojwayelekile. umculi ukuze kudunyiswe osemusha owinile komunye wemiqhudelwano emikhulu yesikhathi sethu. Sengeza ukuthi akabanga nje umnqobi omncane kunabo bonke emlandweni womncintiswano, kodwa futhi wawina yonke imiklomelo eyengeziwe - ngokusebenza kwe-mazurkas, i-polonaises, i-sonatas. Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, waba isithixo sangempela somphakathi kanye nentandokazi yabagxeki, okwathi ngalesi sikhathi babonisa ukuvumelana okungenakuhlukaniswa nesinqumo sejaji. Izibonelo ezimbalwa zingashiwo ngentshiseko evamile kanye nenjabulo eyabangelwa umdlalo womnqobi - umuntu ukhumbula, mhlawumbe, ukunqoba kukaVan Cliburn eMoscow. "Ngokungangabazeki lokhu kungenye yezidlamlilo zesikhathi esizayo zepianoforte - into engavamile ukutholakala namuhla emiqhudelwaneni nangaphandle kwayo," kubhala umgxeki oyiNgisi uB. Morrison, obekhona emqhudelwaneni ...

• Umculo wepiyano esitolo se-inthanethi OZON.ru

Kodwa-ke, manje uma singasinaki isimo esivamile senjabulo yokuncintisana eyayidlangile ngaleso sikhathi eWarsaw, konke lokhu akubonakali kungalindelekile kangako. Futhi ukubonakaliswa kokuqala kwesiphiwo somfana, owazalelwa emndenini womculo (uyise, umdlali wopiyano owaziwayo eKatowice, waqala ukufundisa indodana yakhe ukudlala upiyano kusukela eneminyaka emihlanu), futhi ngokushesha kwakhe. impumelelo ngaphansi kokuqondisa komeluleki okuwukuphela kwakhe nohlala unomphela u-Andrzej Jasiński kusukela eneminyaka eyisikhombisa, umculi onethalente, owakhululwa ngo-1960 njengomnqobi womncintiswano oqanjwe ngo-M. Canalier e-Barcelona, ​​​​kodwa ngokushesha wawuyeka umsebenzi obanzi wekhonsathi. Ekugcineni, ngesikhathi somncintiswano waseWarsaw, uChristian wayenokuhlangenwe nakho okukhulu (waqala ukucula eneminyaka eyisishiyagalombili wabe esedlala kuthelevishini okokuqala), futhi wayengeyena umfundamakhwela esimweni sokuncintisana: eminyakeni emibili ngaphambili. ukuthi, wayesewutholile kakade umklomelo wokuqala emncintiswaneni eHradec-Králové (iningi labalaleli ababengazi ngakho, ngoba igunya lalo mncintiswano linesizotha kakhulu). Ngakho, konke kwakubonakala kuqondakala. Futhi, bekhumbula konke lokhu, abaningi abangabazayo ngemva nje komncintiswano wehlisa ithoni yabo, baqala ngokuzwakalayo, emakhasini bezindaba, ukuveza ukungabaza mayelana nokuthi umnqobi osemusha uzokwazi yini ukuqhubeka nohlu olumangalisayo lwabanduleli bakhe, ngaphandle kokukhetha. baba abaculi abadumile emhlabeni. Phela kwakusafanele afunde futhi afunde futhi ...

Kodwa lapha kwenzeka into emangalisa kakhulu. Amakhonsathi okuqala emva komncintiswano kanye namarekhodi kaTsimerman afakazela ngokushesha ukuthi wayengeyena nje umculi osemusha onekhono, kodwa lapho eneminyaka engu-18 wayesevele engumculi ovuthiwe, othuthukisiwe ngokuvumelana. Hhayi ukuthi wayengenabo ubuthakathaka noma ukuthi wayesekuqondisile konke ukuhlakanipha kobuciko nobuciko bakhe; kodwa wayeyazi ngokucacile imisebenzi yakhe - kokubili eyinhloko kanye "ekude", wayixazulula ngokuzethemba nangenhloso, kangangokuthi wabathulisa ngokushesha ababengabaza. Ngokungaguquguquki nangokungakhathali, wagcwalisa kabusha iculo ngazo zombili lezi zincwadi zasendulo kanye nemisebenzi yabaqambi bekhulu lesi-XNUMX, ngokushesha waphikisa ukwesaba kokuthi uzohlala “enguchwepheshe wakwaChopin” ...

Esikhathini esingaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu kamuva, uZimerman wabathatha ngokoqobo izilaleli eYurophu, eMelika naseJapane. Ikhonsathi yakhe ngayinye ekhaya naphesheya iphenduka umcimbi, okubangela ukusabela okunamandla kwabalaleli. Futhi lokhu kusabela akuyona neze i-echo yokunqoba kweWarsaw, kodwa kunalokho, ngokuphambene nalokho, ubufakazi bokunqoba ukuqapha okuhlotshaniswa ngokungenakugwenywa nokulindelwe okukhulu. Kwakukhona ukukhathazeka okunjalo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngemva komdlalo wakhe wokuqala waseLondon (ngo-1977), uD. Methuen-Campbell waphawula: “Yebo, unamandla okuba omunye wabadlali bopiyano abakhulu kakhulu baleli khulu leminyaka - akunakungabaza ngalokho; kodwa ukuthi uzokwazi kanjani ukufeza umgomo onjalo - sizobona; umuntu kufanele athembe kuphela ukuthi unomthamo omuhle wokuqonda kanye nabeluleki abanolwazi ... "

Akuzange kuthathe isikhathi eside ukuthi uZimerman azibonakalise elungile. Ngokushesha, umgxeki odumile ongumFulentshi uJacques Longchamp wathi ephephandabeni i-Monde: “Abashisekeli bopiyano abanamehlo ashisayo babelindele ukuzwa, futhi bakuthola. Akwenzeki ukuthi udlale i-Chopin ngobuchwepheshe nangobuhle kakhulu kunale nhlese encane eblond enamehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ikhono lakhe lomculo wopiyano alinakuphikiswa - umuzwa ocashile womsindo, ukucaca kwe-polyphony, edabula lonke uhla lwemininingwane ecashile, futhi ekugcineni, ukukhalipha, izindlela, izicukuthwane zokudlala umculo - konke lokhu kuyinto emangalisayo iminyaka engama-22. -insizwa endala… "Abezindaba babhale ngomculi ngamathoni afanayo eJalimane, eU.SA, eNgilandi, eJapan. Amamagazini omculo abalulekile aqala ukubuyekezwa kwamakhonsathi akhe anezihloko ezinquma kusengaphambili iziphetho zababhali: "Okungaphezu komdlali wopiyano", "I-Pianistic genius yekhulu leminyaka", "Phenomenal Zimerman", "Chopin njengendlela yokuba khona". Akagcini nje ngokulingana nabaphathi abaziwayo besizukulwane esiphakathi njengoPollini, Argerich, Olsson, kodwa bacabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuqhathanisa nama-giants - Rubinstein, Horowitz, Hoffmann.

Akubuzwa, ukuthandwa kukaZimerman ezweni lakubo kwakudlula kude okwanoma yimuphi omunye umculi wanamuhla wasePoland. Icala eliyingqayizivele: lapho ekwindla ka-1978 ethweswa iziqu e-Academy of Music e-Katowice, amakhonsathi okuthweswa iziqu aqhutshelwa ehholo elikhulu le-Śląska Philharmonic. Izikhathi zakusihlwa ezintathu laligcwele lichichima abathandi bomculo, futhi amaphephandaba nomagazini abaningi babeka ukubuyekezwa kwala makhonsathi. Umsebenzi ngamunye omusha omkhulu womdwebi uthola impendulo emaphephandabeni, okuqoshiwe ngakunye okusha kuxoxwa ngokuphila ngochwepheshe.

Ngenhlanhla, ngokusobala, lesi simo sokukhulekelwa kwendawo yonke nempumelelo ayizange iphendule ikhanda lomdwebi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma eminyakeni emibili noma emithathu ngemva komncintiswano kubonakala sengathi uhileleke ku-whirlpool yokuphila kwekhonsathi, wabe esenciphisa kakhulu inani lemidlalo yakhe, waqhubeka nokusebenza ngokujulile ukuze athuthukise amakhono akhe, esebenzisa ubungane. usizo luka-A. Yasinsky.

UTsimerman akagcini ngomculo, eqaphela ukuthi umculi weqiniso udinga umbono obanzi, ikhono lokubuka umhlaba omzungezile, nokuqonda ubuciko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uye wafunda izilimi eziningana, futhi, ikakhulukazi, ukhuluma futhi ufunde kahle ngesiRashiya nesiNgisi. Ngamafuphi, inqubo yokwakheka kobuntu iyaqhubeka, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubuciko bakhe buyathuthukiswa, buthuthukiswe ngezici ezintsha. Izihumusho ziba zijule, zibe nenjongo, amasu ayacijwa. Kuyaxaka ukuthi muva nje “insizwa esencane” uZimerman ihlanjalazwe ngenxa yobuhlakani obudlulele, ukoma kokuhlaziya kwezinye izincazelo; namuhla, imizwa yakhe iye yaba namandla futhi yajula, njengoba ngokungangabazeki kufakazelwa incazelo yawo womabili amakhonsathi nama-waltze angu-14 kaChopin, sonatas kaMozart, Brahms noBeethoven, Ikhonsathi Yesibili kaLiszt, Ikhonsathi Yokuqala Neyesithathu kaRachmaninov, eqoshwe ekurekhodweni kweminyaka yamuva. . Kepha ngemuva kwalokhu kuvuthwa, izimfanelo zangaphambili zikaZimerman, ezamenza wathandwa kakhulu, azingeni emthunzini: ubusha bokwenza umculo, ukucaca okucacile kokubhala komsindo, ibhalansi yemininingwane kanye nomuzwa wokulinganisa, ukukholisa okunengqondo nokuba semthethweni kwemibono. Futhi nakuba ngezinye izikhathi ehluleka ukugwema i-bravura eyihaba, ngisho noma ijubane lakhe ngezinye izikhathi libonakala liyizivunguvungu, kuba sobala kuwo wonke umuntu ukuthi lokhu akuyona into embi, hhayi ukwengamela, kodwa amandla okudala aphuphumayo.

Sifingqa imiphumela yeminyaka yokuqala yomsebenzi wobuciko ozimele womculi, isazi somculo sasePoland u-Jan Weber sabhala: “Ngiwulandela ngokucophelela umsebenzi kaChristian Zimerman, futhi ingihlaba umxhwele ngokwengeziwe indlela umshayi wopiyano wethu awuqondisa ngayo. Mangaki amathemba abawine imiklomelo yokuqala, etholwe emiqhudelwaneni eminingi, ashiswa ngokuphazima kweso ngenxa yokuxhashazwa budedengu kwethalente labo, ukusetshenziswa kwalo ngaphandle kwencazelo, njengokungathi kuseseshini yokuluthwa nokunethezeka! Ithemba lempumelelo enkulu elisekelwa yinhlanhla enkulu wukuyenga wonke ama-impresario ahlakaniphile alisebenzisayo, futhi elicuphe inqwaba yabantu abasha abangenangqondo, abangavuthiwe. Lokhu kuyiqiniso, nakuba umlando uyazi izibonelo zemisebenzi enjalo eyathuthukiswa ngaphandle kokulimaza abaculi (isibonelo, umsebenzi wePaderewski). Kodwa umlando ngokwawo unikeza isibonelo esihlukile kusukela eminyakeni eseduze nathi - uVan Cliburn, owajabulela inkazimulo yomnqobi we-First Tchaikovsky Competition ngo-1958, futhi eminyakeni engu-12 kamuva kwasala amanxiwa kuphela. Iminyaka emihlanu yomsebenzi we-pop u-Tsimerman unikeza izizathu zokugomela ukuthi akahlosile ukuhamba ngale ndlela. Ungaqiniseka ukuthi ngeke afinyelele isiphetho esinjalo, ngoba wenza kancane futhi kuphela lapho efuna, kodwa uvuka ngendlela ehlelekile ngangokunokwenzeka.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya., 1990