Nadezhda Iosifovna Golubovskaya |

Nadezhda Golubovskaya

Eminyakeni yangaphambi kokuguquguquka, abaphothule bopiyano e-St. Petersburg Conservatory baqhudelana nelungelo lokuthola uMklomelo ka-Anton Rubinstein. Kwaba njalo ngo-1914. S. Prokofiev wabhala kamuva: “Imbangi yami eqotho kwakunguGolubovskaya ovela ekilasini likaLyapunov, umshayi wopiyano ohlakaniphile nohlakaniphile.” Futhi nakuba umklomelo wanikezwa uProkofiev, lona kanye iqiniso lokuncintisana nomdlali wopiyano osezingeni lokuqala (kanye nokuhlola kwakhe) likhuluma kakhulu. U-Glazunov uphinde wadonsela ukunakekela emakhonweni omfundi, owafaka okulandelayo ephephabhukwini lokuhlola: “I-virtuoso enkulu futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ithalente lomculo. Umdlalo ogcwele ukuhlukahluka, umusa kanye nogqozi.” Ngaphezu kukaLyapunov, AA Rozanova wayebuye abe uthisha Golubovskaya. Uthole izifundo ezimbalwa zangasese ku-AN Esipova.

Umsebenzi wokudlala womdlali wepiyano ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu ku-conservatory wathuthukiswa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Kakade i-clavierabend yakhe yokuqala ezimele entwasahlobo ka-1917 (uhlelo lwaluhlanganisa uBach, uVivaldi, uRameau, uCouperin, uDebussy, uRavel, uGlazunov, uLyapunov, uProkofiev) wathola isibuyekezo esihle kuV. Karatygin, owathola ekudlalweni kukaGolubovskaya “inqwaba yezingoma izinkondlo ezicashile, umuzwa ophilayo; ukucaca okukhulu kwesigqi kuhlanganiswe nothando lomzwelo novalo. Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi ukudlala eyedwa kwamlethela udumo olubanzi, kodwa futhi nokuhlanganisa umculo odlalwayo, okokuqala ngomculi u-Z. Lodius, futhi kamuva nomdlali wevayolini uM. Rayson (nalaba bamuva wenza zonke i-sonatas eziyishumi ze-violin zikaBeethoven). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngezikhathi ezithile wayebuye adlale njenge-harpsichordist, edlala imisebenzi yabaqambi bekhulu lesi-3. Umculo wamakhosi amadala ubulokhu udonsela ukunaka kweGolubovskaya. E. Bronfin uthi ngalokhu: “Ukuba neqoqo elihlanganisa umculo wepiyano wezikhathi ezihlukahlukene, izikole zezwe, izitayela nezitayela, onesiphiwo sokungena ngokujulile ezweni lezinkondlo lomqambi, umshayi wopiyano, mhlawumbe, owazibonakalisa ngokucacile umculo wama-harpsichordists aseFrance, emisebenzini kaMozart noSchubert. Lapho edlala izingcezu zika-Couperin, uDaquin, uRameau (kanye nezintombi ezingamaNgisi) ophiyano lwesimanje, wakwazi ukuzuza itimbre ekhetheke kakhulu yomsindo - obala, ocacile, ozwakalayo ... ukuthinta kwemikhuba kanye nokujaha ngamabomu okwethulwe kulo mculo, kuzihumushe njengezigcawu zomhlaba ezigcwele impilo, njengemidwebo yezwe ephefumulelwe ngokusankondlo, izithombe ezincanyana, ezigcwele ingqondo ecashile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izibopho ezilandelanayo zama-harpsichordists noDebussy noRavel zabonakala ngokusobala kakhulu.

Ngokushesha ngemva kokunqoba kwe-Great October Revolution, uGolubovskaya wavela ngokuphindaphindiwe phambi kwezithameli ezintsha emikhunjini, emaqenjini e-nautical nasezibhedlela. Ngo-1921, i-Leningrad Philharmonic yahlelwa, futhi uGolubovskaya ngokushesha waba omunye wabadlali abacula yedwa abahamba phambili. Kanye nabaqhubi abakhulu, wenza lapha amakhonsathi epiyano eMozart, Beethoven, Chopin, Scriabin, Balakirev, Lyapunov. Ngo-1923 uGolubovskaya wavakashela eBerlin. Izilaleli zaseMoscow nazo zazimazi kahle. Ekubukezeni kuka-K. Grimikh (umagazini Womculo Nezinguquko) kwelinye lamakhonsathi akhe eHholo Elincane laseMoscow Conservatory, siyafunda: “Amathuba angcono kakhulu omdlali wopiyano alinganiselwe ngandlela-thile, kodwa phakathi kwebanga aliculayo, uGolubovskaya wabonisa ukuthi unekhono elimangalisayo. ukuba yingcweti esezingeni lokuqala kanye neciko langempela. Isikole esihle kakhulu, ubuciko obumangalisayo bomsindo, indlela enhle yokudlula, umqondo ocashile wesitayela, isiko lomculo elihle kanye namakhono obuciko nokwenza umdwebi - lezi yizici ezinhle zeGolubovskaya.

UGolubovskaya wake waphawula: “Ngidlala kuphela umculo ongcono kunalowo ongadlalwa.” Kukho konke lokho, i-repertoire yakhe yayibanzi kakhulu, kuhlanganise nezingoma eziningi zakudala nezanamuhla. UMozart wayengumbhali wakhe amthandayo. Ngemva kuka-1948, umdlali wopiyano wayengavamile ukunikeza amakhonsathi, kodwa uma efika esiteji, wayevame ukuphendukela kuMozart. Ehlola ukuqonda okujulile komdwebi wesitayela sikaMozart, nomsebenzi wabanye abaqambi, uM. Bialik wabhala ngo-1964: “Isiqephu ngasinye esifakwe ohlwini lomculi wopiyano sifihla imibukiso, ukuphila, izinhlangano zobuciko, futhi ngayinye inefilosofi, ubuciko eqinisekile. isimo sengqondo”.

UGolubovskaya waba negalelo elikhulu eSoviet upiyano pedagogy. Kusukela ngo-1920 wafundisa eLeningrad Conservatory (kusukela ngo-1935 enguprofesa), lapho aqeqeshe khona abadlali bopiyano abaningi bekhonsathi; phakathi kwabo N. Shchemelinova, V. Nielsen, M. Karandasheva, A. Ugorsky, G. Talroze. E Shishko. Ngo 1941-1944 Golubovskaya wayeyinhloko yomnyango upiyano Ural Conservatory, futhi ngo-1945-1963 wayengumeluleki e Tallinn Conservatory. I-Peru yothisha ophawulekayo inencwadi ethi "The Art of Pedalization" (L., 1967), eyaziswa kakhulu ochwepheshe.

Lit .: Bronfin ENI Glubovskaya.-L., 1978.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya.