Umlando we-sitar

Insimbi yomculo ehlutshiwe enezintambo ezinkulu eziyisikhombisa i-sitarudabuka eNdiya. Igama lisuselwa kumagama esiTurkic athi “se” kanye “netiyela”, okusho ukuthi izintambo eziyisikhombisa ngokwezwi nezwi. Kukhona ama-analogue amaningana ale nsimbi, enye yayo enegama elithi "setor", kodwa inezintambo ezintathu.

Ubani futhi nini wasungula i-sitar

Umculi wekhulu leshumi nantathu u-Amir Khusro uhlobene ngokuqondile nomsuka waleli thuluzi eliyingqayizivele. I-sitar yokuqala yayincane futhi ifana kakhulu nesetha yesiTajik. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, insimbi yaseNdiya yanda ngosayizi, ngenxa yokwengezwa kwe-gourd resonator, eyanikeza umsindo ojulile futhi ocacile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umpheme wawuhlotshiswe nge-rosewood, uphondo lwendlovu lwanezelwa. Intamo nomzimba we-sitar kwakunomdwebo odwetshwe ngesandla namaphethini ahlukahlukene anomoya wawo kanye negama lawo. Ngaphambi kwe-sitar, ithuluzi eliyinhloko eNdiya kwakuyithuluzi lasendulo elihlutshiwe, isithombe salo esigcinwe kuma-bas-reliefs aqala ngekhulu lesi-3 AD.

Isebenza kanjani i-sitar

Umsindo we-orchestra utholakala ngosizo lwezintambo ezikhethekile, ezinegama elithi "izintambo ze-bourdon". Kwezinye izibonelo, insimbi inezintambo ezengeziwe ezifika kwezingu-13, kuyilapho umzimba we-sitar uqukethe eziyisikhombisa. Futhi, i-sitar ifakwe imigqa emibili yezintambo, izintambo ezimbili eziyinhloko zenzelwe ukuhambisana nesigqi. Izintambo ezinhlanu ngezokudlala imiculo.

Uma ku-setor ye-Tajik i-resonator yenziwe ngokhuni, khona-ke lapha yenziwe kusukela ohlotsheni olukhethekile lwethanga. I-resonator yokuqala ifakwe endaweni ephezulu, kanti eyesibili - encane ngobukhulu - ebhodini leminwe. Konke lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe umsindo wezintambo ze-bass, ukuze umsindo ube "omkhulu" futhi uveze.

Kunezintambo eziningana ku-sitar umculi angazidlali nhlobo. Abizwa ngokuthi i-tarab, noma i-resonating. Lezi zintambo, lapho zidlalwa ezintweni eziyisisekelo, zenza imisindo ngokwazo, zenze umsindo okhethekile, lapho i-sitar ithole igama lensimbi eyingqayizivele.

Ngisho ne-fretboard yenziwa kusetshenziswa uhlobo olukhethekile lwezinkuni ze-tun, futhi umhlobiso nokubaza kwenziwa ngesandla. Futhi, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izintambo zilele ezindlini ezimbili eziyisicaba ezenziwe ngamathambo ezinyamazane. Okukhethekile kwalo mklamo kuhilela ukubukelwa phansi okuqhubekayo kwalezi zisekelo eziyisicaba ukuze intambo ikhiphe umsindo okhethekile, odlidlizayo.

Ama-arched frets amancane ayenziwe ngezinto ezifana nethusi, isiliva, ukuze kube lula ukunikeza umumo lapho umsindo uzoba mnandi kakhulu endlebeni.

I-Sitar Basics

Umculi unethuluzi elikhethekile lokudlala insimbi yoqobo yamaNdiya. Igama layo yi-mizrab, ngaphandle libukeka lifana nozipho. I-mizrab ifakwa emunweni wokukhomba, ukunyakaza kokuya phezulu naphansi kuyenziwa, kanjalo itholiwe umsindo ongavamile we-sitar. Kwesinye isikhathi kusetshenziswa inqubo yokuhlanganisa ukunyakaza kwe-mizrab. Ngokuthinta izintambo ze-"chikari" phakathi nomdlalo, isidlali se-sitar senza isiqondiso somculo sibe nesigqi futhi sicacile.

Abadlali be-Sitar - umlando

I-sitar virtuoso engaphikiswa nguRavi Shankar. Waqala ukukhuthaza umculo wezinsimbi zamaNdiya kubantu abaningi, okungukuthi entshonalanga. Indodakazi kaRavi, u-Anushka Shankar, yaba umlandeli. Indlebe ephelele yomculo kanye nekhono lokuphatha insimbi eyinkimbinkimbi njenge-sitar iyimfanelo kababa kuphela, kodwa futhi nentombazane ngokwayo - uthando olunjalo lwensimbi kazwelonke alukwazi ukunyamalala ngaphandle komkhondo. Ngisho namanje, umdlali omkhulu we-Sita u-Anushka uqoqa inani elikhulu labachwepheshe bomculo wangempela obukhoma futhi enze amakhonsathi amangalisayo.