Mayelana namanothi emculweni

Ngenxa yesibonakaliso esivamile sesithombe - inothi - ama-frequencies athile awagcini nje ngokubhalwa ngokubhala, kodwa futhi enze inqubo yokudala ukwakheka komculo kuqondakala.

Incazelo

Amanothi emculweni angamathuluzi okulungisa ngokushesha igagasi lomsindo wefrikhwensi ethile ohlamvu. Ukuqoshwa okunjalo okunqunywe kusengaphambili kwakha lonke uchungechunge okuqanjwa ngalo umculo. Inothi ngalinye linegama lalo kanye nemvamisa ethile, ububanzi be okungu 20 Hz - 20 kHz.

Ukusho imvamisa ethile, kuyisiko ukusebenzisa hhayi izinombolo ezithile, ngoba lokhu kunzima, kodwa igama.

Indaba

Umqondo wokuhlela amagama amanothi ungowomculi nendela yaseFlorence, uGuido d'Arezzo. Ngenxa yemizamo yakhe, ukuphawula komculo kwavela ngekhulu le-11. Isizathu kwakuwukuqeqeshwa okunzima kwabaculi besigodlo sezindela, lapho indela ingakwazi ukufeza ukusebenza okuvumelana kwemisebenzi yesonto. Ukwenza kube lula ukufunda izingoma, u-Guido wamaka imisindo enezikwele ezikhethekile, kamuva ezaziwa ngokuthi amanothi.

Qaphela amagama

Iculo ngalinye octave inamanothi ayi-7 - yenza, re, mi, fa, usawoti, la, si. Umqondo wokuqamba amanothi ayisithupha okuqala ungokaGuido d'Arezzo. Zisekhona kuze kube namuhla, zingashintshile neze: Ut, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La. Indela yathatha uhlamvu lokuqala emgqeni ngamunye wehubo amaKatolika alicula ehlonipha uJohane uMbhapathizi. UGuido nguyena owadala lo msebenzi, obizwa ngokuthi “Ut queant laxis” (“Ngezwi eligcwele”).

I-UT QUEANT LAXIS – NATIVITÀ DI SAN GIOVANNI BATTISTA – B

Ut i-laxis enzima re i-sonare fibris

Mi i-gestorum fa muli tuorum,

Sol ngi polluti la biis reatum,

Sancte Joannes.

Nuntius celso veniens Olympo,

i-patri magnum fore nasciturum,

nomen, et vitae seriem gerendae,

isithembiso se-oda.

Ille promissi dubius superni

i-perdidit promptae modulos loquelae;

sed reformasti genitus peremptae

izwi le-orga.

I-Ventris obstruso i-recuban cubili,

izinzwa Regem thalamo manentem:

i-hinc parens nati, i-meritis uterque, 

abdita pandit.

Sit decus Patri, genitaeque Proli

et tibi, qhathanisa i-utriusque virtus,

I-Spiritus semper, i-Deus unus,

omni temporis aevo. Amen

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, igama lenothi lokuqala lashintsha lisuka ku-Ut laya ku-Do (ngesiLatini, igama elithi “Nkosi” lizwakala njengokuthi “Dominus”). Inothi lesikhombisa elithi si livele - Si lisuka emshweni othi Sancte Iohannes.

Kuvelaphi?

Kukhona ukuqokwa kwezinhlamvu zamanothi kusetshenziswa i-alfabhethi yomculo yesiLatini:

• C;
• D;
• E;
• F;
• G;
• A;
• b.

Mhlophe nomnyama

Izinsimbi zomculo zekhibhodi zinokhiye abamnyama nabamhlophe. Okhiye abamhlophe bahambisana namanothi ayisikhombisa amakhulu - do, re, mi, fa, salt, la, si. Ngaphezulu kancane kwabo kukhona okhiye abamnyama, abaqoqwe ngamayunithi angama-2-3. Amagama abo aphinda amagama wezihluthulelo ezimhlophe eziseduze, kodwa ngokungezwa kwamagama amabili:

• elibukhali isiqalo segama likakhiye omnyama kwesokudla sokhiye omhlophe;
• flat – igama elengeziwe lokhiye omnyama, otholakala kwesokunxele sokhiye omhlophe.

Kunokhiye owodwa omnyama wokhiye ababili abamhlophe, yingakho ubizwa ngegama eliphindwe kabili. Cabanga ngesibonelo: phakathi kwe-white do ne-re kukhona ukhiye omnyama. Izoba kokubili i-C-sharp ne-D-flat ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Izimpendulo emibuzweni

Amaqiniso Okuthakazelisayo

Umlando womculo uqoqe ulwazi oluningi mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kokubhalwa komculo, ukusetshenziswa kwamanothi, ukubhala imisebenzi yomculo ngosizo lwabo. Ake sijwayelane nabanye babo:

1. Ngaphambi kokusungulwa komculo ka-Guido d'Arezzo, abaculi babesebenzisa ama-neumes, izimpawu ezikhethekile ezifana namachashazi kanye namadashi ayebhalwe kuyi-papyrus. Amadashi ayesebenza njengesibonelo samanothi, futhi amachashazi ayebonisa ukucindezeleka. Ama-Nevmas asetshenziswe kanye namakhathalogi lapho kwafakwa khona izincazelo. Lesi simiso sasingalungile kakhulu, ngakho abahlabeleli besonto babedideka lapho befunda izingoma.
2. Imvamisa ephansi kakhulu ekhiqizwe yizwi lomuntu ngu-0.189 Hz . Leli nothi G linama-octave angu-8 ngaphansi kwepiyano. Umuntu ojwayelekile uthola imisindo okungenani imvamisa eyi-16 Hz . Ukuze ngilungise leli rekhodi, kwakudingeka ngisebenzise izinto ezikhethekile. Umsindo uphinde wakhiqizwa yi-American Tim Storms.
3. I-harpsichord iyinsimbi enokhiye abamhlophe esikhundleni sokhiye abamnyama.
4. Insimbi yokuqala yekhibhodi eyasungulwa eGreece yayinokhiye abamhlophe kuphela futhi ingekho nhlobo emnyama.
5. Okhiye abamnyama bavele ngekhulu le-XIII. Idivayisi yabo yathuthukiswa kancane kancane, ngenxa yalokho abaningi izintambo futhi kwavela okhiye emculweni waseNtshonalanga Yurophu.

Esikhundleni sokuphumayo

Amanothi ayisici esiyinhloko sanoma yimuphi umculo. Sekukonke, kunamanothi ayi-7, asakazwa kumakhibhodi abe mnyama nokumhlophe.