UVáclav Talich |

Vaclav Talich

UVaclav Talich wabamba iqhaza elimangalisayo ekuthuthukiseni isiko lomculo wezwe lakubo. Imisebenzi yakhe, ehlanganisa yonke ingxenye yokuqala yekhulu lethu leminyaka, yashiya uphawu olungenakucimeka emlandweni womculo waseCzechoslovakia.

Ubaba wombhidisi, uthisha owaziwayo nomqambi u-Yan Talikh, wayenguthisha wakhe wokuqala. Ebusheni bakhe, uVaclav Talich wadlala njenge-violinist futhi ngo-1897-1903 wafunda ePrague Conservatory, ekilasini lika-O. Shevchik. Kodwa ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa ne-Berlin Philharmonic futhi edlala kuma-ensembles e-chamber, wezwa isifiso sokuqhuba futhi ngokushesha wacishe wayishiya i-violin. Izingoma zokuqala zikaTalikh umqhubi we-conductor zenzeka e-Odessa, lapho ngo-1904 ehola i-orchestra yendawo ye-symphony, futhi umculi waseCzech wachitha iminyaka emibili eyalandela e-Tiflis, efundisa i-violin e-Conservatory, wabamba iqhaza kuma-ensembles e-chamber futhi aqhutshwa emakhonsathini, futhi. ikakhulukazi ngempumelelo - isebenza umculo Russian.

Ebuyela ePrague, uTalikh wasebenza njengomculi wekwaya, wasondelana nabaculi abavelele - I. Suk, V. Novak, amalungu e-Czech Quartet. U-Talikh uba ngumsakazi oqinisekile wemisebenzi yabantu besikhathi sakhe. Kodwa ukungakwazi ukuthola umsebenzi kuyamphoqa ukuba ahambe aye eLjubljana iminyaka eminingana, lapho eqhuba khona ama-opera namakhonsathi. Endleleni, uTalih uyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka, ethatha izifundo ku-A. Nikisch eLeipzig kanye no-A. Vigno eMilan. Ngo-1912, ekugcineni wakwazi ukuthola umsebenzi ezweni lakubo: waba umqhubi we-opera house e-Pilsen, kodwa ngemva kwesikhathi esithile waphinde waphelelwa umsebenzi. Nokho, igunya nodumo lomculi kwase kukhulu kangangokuthi ngemva nje kokukhululeka kweCzechoslovakia, uTalik wamenywa ukuba ahole i-Czech Philharmonic Orchestra.

Isikhathi esiphakathi kwezimpi zomhlaba ezimbili yisikhathi sokuqhakaza okuphezulu kwethalente lomdwebi. Ngaphansi kobuholi bakhe, i-orchestra yakhula ngokungaqondakali, iphenduka ithimba elihlangene kahle elikwazi ukufeza izinhlelo zomqhubi, ukufunda noma yiziphi izingoma eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngesivinini esikhulu. I-Prague Philharmonic, eholwa nguTalich, yavakashela e-Italy, Hungary, Germany, Austria, England, Belgium, France, yonke indawo iwina impumelelo enkulu. U-Talich ngokwakhe waba umqhubi wokuqala waseCzech ukuthola udumo emhlabeni wonke. Ngaphezu kokuqondisa i-orchestra yakhe, wazulazula kakhulu kuwo wonke amazwe aseYurophu (kuhlanganise ne-USSR), isikhathi esithile wabuye wahola ama-orchestra eScotland naseSweden, wafundisa ikilasi ePrague Conservatory naseSikoleni Sobuhle. Amandla akhe ayemakhulu: wasungula amakhonsathi ekwaya ePhilharmonic, wahlela imikhosi yomculo yasePrague May. Ngo-1935, u-Talich wabuye waba ngumqhubi omkhulu we-Prague National Theatre, lapho umdlalo ngamunye ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwakhe, ngokusho kwabagxeki, "usezingeni lomdlalo wokuqala". U-Talich wenza lapha cishe wonke ama-opera ase-Czech, asebenza ngo-Gluck no-Mozart, u-Beethoven no-Debussy, waba ngowokuqala ukwenza imisebenzi eminingana, kuhlanganise ne-"Juliet" ka-B. Martin.

Uhlu lokudala lukaTalih lwalubanzi kakhulu, kodwa imisebenzi yababhali baseCzech - Smetana, Dvorak, Novak futhi ikakhulukazi uSuk - yayisondele kakhulu kuye. Ukuhumusha kwakhe umjikelezo wezinkondlo ethi “My Motherland” ka-Smetana, “Imidanso Yama-Slavic” ka-Dvořák, ingoma ka-Suk, i-Novak's Slovak suite ibe yakudala. U-Talikh wayengumdlali omuhle kakhulu wama-classics aseRashiya, ikakhulukazi ama-symphonies ka-Tchaikovsky, kanye nama-Viennese angadala - i-Mozart, u-Beethoven.

Ngemva kokuba iCzechoslovakia ithathwe amaJalimane, uTalih washiya ubuholi bePhilharmonic, kwathi ngo-1942, ukuze agweme uhambo oluya eBerlin ohambweni, wahlinzwa. Ngokushesha wamiswa emsebenzini futhi wabuyela emsebenzini wobuciko osebenzayo kuphela ngemva kokukhululwa kwakhe. Isikhathi esithile waphinde waqondisa i-Czech Philharmonic kanye ne-Opera House, wabe esethuthela eBratislava, lapho ahola khona i-Chamber Orchestra ye-Slovak Philharmonic, futhi waqhuba i-Grand Symphony Orchestra. Lapha wafundisa ikilasi eliqhubayo e-Higher School of Music, ekhulisa umthala wonke wabaqhubi abasha. Kusukela ngo-1956, uTalikh, egula kakhulu, ekugcineni washiya umsebenzi wobuciko.

Efingqa umsebenzi omuhle ka-V. Talikh, uzakwabo omncane, umbhidisi uV. Neumann wabhala: “UVaclav Talikh wayengeyena nje umculi ophambili kithina. Ukuphila kwakhe nomsebenzi wakhe kufakazela ukuthi wayengumqhubi waseCzech ngomqondo ogcwele waleli gama. Izikhathi eziningi wavula indlela eya emhlabeni. Kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi wayebheka umsebenzi ezweni lakubo njengomsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu ekuphileni kwakhe. Uhumushe kahle umculo waphesheya - uMahler, uBruckner, uMozart, uDebussy - kodwa emsebenzini wakhe ugxile kakhulu emculweni waseCzech. Wayengumthakathi ongaqondakali owayegcina izimfihlo zakhe zokuhumusha, kodwa ngokuzithandela wabelana ngolwazi lwakhe olucebile nesizukulwane esisha. Futhi uma namuhla ubuciko be-orchestra yaseCzech buqashelwa emhlabeni wonke, uma namuhla bekhuluma ngezici ezingenakuphikwa zesitayela sokudlala saseCzech, khona-ke lokhu kuyimpumelelo yomsebenzi wokufundisa kaVaclav Talich.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek