I-Bongo: incazelo yensimbi, umklamo, umlando wemvelaphi, ukusetshenziswa

I-bongo iyinsimbi kazwelonke yamaCuba. Isetshenziswa emculweni waseCuba naseLatin America.

Yini i-bongo

Ikilasi – insimbi yomculo eshaywayo, i-idiophone. Unemvelaphi yase-Afrika.

Umdlali we-percussion, lapho edlala, ubopha isakhiwo ngezinyawo zakhe, futhi akhiphe umsindo ngezandla zakhe. Imvamisa isigubhu saseCuba sidlalwa uhlezi.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: umcwaningi waseKuban uFernando Ortiz ukholelwa ukuthi igama elithi "bongo" livela olimini lwabantu baseBantu ngoshintsho oluncane. Igama elithi “mbongo” lisho “isigubhu” ngolimi lwesiNtu.

Ithuluzi design

Izigubhu ze-Bongo zinokwakhiwa okufanayo kwezinye izisho ezishaywayo. Umzimba ongenalutho wenziwe ngokhuni. Ulwelwesi lweluliwe phezu kwesiko, elidlidlizayo lapho lishaywa, lidale umsindo. Ulwelwesi lwanamuhla lwenziwa ngohlobo olukhethekile lwepulasitiki. Eceleni kwesakhiwo kungase kube nezinsimbi zensimbi nemihlobiso.

Amagobolondo esigubhu ayahluka ngosayizi. Enkulu ibizwa ngokuthi i-embra. Itholakala kwesokudla somculi. Ukuncishiswa kubizwa ngokuthi i-macho. Itholakala kwesokunxele. Ukushuna bekuphansi ekuqaleni ukuze kusetshenziswe njengengxenye yesigqi esihambisana naso. Abadlali besimanje bashuna isigubhu phezulu. Ukushuna okuphezulu kwenza i-bongo ibukeke njengensimbi eyedwa.

Umlando wemvelaphi

Ulwazi oluqondile lokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi i-bongo yenzeka kanjani akwaziwa. Ukusetshenziswa kokuqala okubhaliwe kwaqala ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX eCuba.

Imithombo eminingi yomlando we-Afro-Cuban ithi i-bongo isuselwe ezigubhu zaseCentral Africa. Inani elikhulu labantu base-Afrika abavela eCongo nase-Angola abahlala enyakatho yeCuba bayayiqinisekisa le nguqulo. Ithonya le-Kongo lingabonakala futhi ezinhlotsheni zomculo zaseCuba indodana kanye ne-changui. AmaCuba aguqule ukwakhiwa kwesigubhu sase-Afrika futhi asungula i-bongo. Abacwaningi bachaza le nqubo ngokuthi "umbono wase-Afrika, okusungulwe eCuba."

Ukusungulwa kwangena kumculo odumile waseCuba njengethuluzi elibalulekile ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-1930. Waba nomthelela ekudumeni kwamaqembu okulala. Ngawo-1940 ikhono labashayi bezigubhu lakhula. Ukudlala kukaClemente Pichiero kugqugquzele ikusasa le-Mongo Santamaria. Ngeminyaka yama-XNUMX, uSantamaria waba umpetha wale nsimbi, ecula izingoma noSonora Matansera, u-Arsenio Rodriguez kanye neLecuona Cuban Boys. U-Arsenio Rodriguez kamuva waphayona isitayela somculo we-kojunto.

Ukusungulwa kweCuba kwavela e-US ngawo-1940. Amaphayona kwakungu-Armando Peraza, uChino Pozo noRogelio Darias. Isigcawu somculo wesiLatini saseNew York sakhiwe ikakhulukazi abantu basePuerto Ricans ababexhumana ngaphambili namaCuba.