I-Xylophone: incazelo yensimbi, umsindo, ukwakheka, izinhlobo, ukusetshenziswa

I-xylophone iyinsimbi yomculo enesakhiwo esilula nomlando wasendulo osukela ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka. Naphezu kokubonakala kungokokuqala, ochwepheshe kuphela abangayenza izwakale njengoba kufanele.

Yini ixylophone

Ixylophone ingeyezinsimbi zomculo ezishaywayo (“isihlobo” esiseduze i-metallophone). Inephimbo elithile. Kubukeka njengesethi yamapulangwe anobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Ukuze ukhiphe umsindo, udinga ukuwashaya ngezinti ezikhethekile (izando).

Ibha ngayinye ekubunjweni kwayo ishunwe inothi elithile. Ibanga lomsindo wensimbi ekhokhelwayo ama-octave angu-3.

I-xylophone izwakala ngokuhlukile, konke kuncike ezintweni zezinti (irabha, ipulasitiki, insimbi), amandla omthelela. I-timbre esuka ethambile iye ebukhali, efana nokuchofoza ingenzeka.

Setha ixylophone

Enhliziyweni yedivayisi kukhona ifreyimu lapho, ngokufanisa nezihluthulelo zepiyano, amabhlogo wokhuni ahlelwe ngemigqa emibili. Ugongolo ngalunye lulele phezu kwephedi lenjoloba ye-foam, phakathi kwephedi nogongolo kukhona ithubhu ekhethekile, inhloso yalo ukuthuthukisa umsindo. Amashubhu e-resonator enza umbala ogqamile, awenze ukhanye, ucace kakhudlwana.

Ukuze uthole okhiye, izinkuni eziyigugu, eziqinile zikhethwa. Ngaphambi kokudala ithuluzi, izikhala zokhuni zomiswe kahle, ngezinye izikhathi inqubo yokomisa ithatha iminyaka eminingana. Ububanzi bebha ngayinye bujwayelekile, ubude buyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi ingakanani ubude obudinga ukutholwa umsindo ngesikhathi sokudlala.

Benza umsindo ngezinduku. Isethi ejwayelekile - izingcezu ezi-2. Abanye abaculi babhekana ngobuciko nezinduku ezintathu, ezine. Izinto zokwenziwa kwazo zingase zehluke.

Izeluleko zezinti zinesimo esiyindilinga, zivalwe ngesikhumba, ukuzwa, irabha - kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lomculo.

Izwakala kanjani ixylophone?

Ixylophone izwakala ngendlela engavamile, kungazelelwe. Ufakwe ku-orchestra, i-ensemble, efuna ukubonisa isakhiwo esingavamile. Ithuluzi liyakwazi ukudala inkohliso yokugedla amazinyo, ukuhlebeza okwesabekayo, ukungqubuzana kwezinyawo. Udlulisela kahle ulwazi lwabalingiswa abakhulu, uhlobo lwezenzo. Iningi lemisindo eyenziwe yomile, ngokuchofoza.

Ama-Virtuosos ayakwazi "ukukhipha" zonke izinhlobo zamathoni kusukela ekuklanyeni - kusukela ekubhobozeni, okwesabekayo kuya komnene, ukukhanya.

Umlando wethuluzi

Amamodeli okuqala wezinsimbi zomculo afana ne-xylophone avele eminyakeni engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezi-2 edlule. Azizange zigcinwe - imidwebo yasendulo etholakala endaweni ye-Asia yanamuhla, i-Latin America, ne-Afrika ifakazela ukuba khona kwezinto.

Ngokokuqala ngqa eYurophu, umklamo onjalo wachazwa ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX. Ukuze kube lula ukuthuthuka, abaculi abazulazulayo bayithanda, kwaze kwaba ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX yayisetshenziswa yibona ikakhulukazi.

Unyaka ka-1830 waphawula inkathi yoshintsho emlandweni we-xylophone. Ingcweti yaseBelarusian uM. Guzikov ithembise ukuthuthukisa umklamo. Uchwepheshe wahlela amapuleti okhuni ngokulandelana okuthile, emigqeni engu-4, waletha amashubhu azwakalayo avela ngezansi. Izinqubo ezintsha zenze nokwenzeka ukwandisa ububanzi bemodeli kuze kufike kuma-octave angu-2,5.

Ngokushesha le nqubo entsha yadonsa ukunaka kwabaculi nabaqambi abaqeqeshiwe. I-xylophone yaba yingxenye yamaqembu omculo wezinsimbi, kamuva kwaba nokwenzeka ukucula izingoma ezizimele.

Ngemva kweminyaka eyi-100, kwenzeka olunye ushintsho ekubukekeni kwe-metallophone yokhuni. Esikhundleni semigqa emi-4, kwasala emi-2, imigoqo yayihlelwe njengokhiye bepiyano. Ububanzi budlule ama-octave angu-3, ​​okwenza insimbi ibe lula futhi ikhulise amathuba ayo omculo. Namuhla, i-xylophone isetshenziswa kakhulu abadlali be-pop, ama-orchestra, nabacula ngabodwana.

Izinhlobonhlobo ze-xylophone

Izinhlobonhlobo zamaxylophone zisabalele emhlabeni wonke. Nazi ezimbalwa zazo:

• I-Balafon – ijwayelekile emazweni amaningi ase-Afrika. Isisekelo sakhiwe ngamabhodi angu-15-20 enziwe ngokhuni oluqinile, lapho kufakwa khona ama-resonators.
• I-timbila iyinsimbi kazwelonke yaseRiphabhulikhi yaseMozambique. Izihluthulelo zokhuni zixhunywe ezintanjeni, izithelo ze-massala zisebenza njengama-resonators.
• UMokkin uyimodeli yaseJapan.
• I-Vibraphone - yasungulwa ngabaseMelika ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX. Isici - okhiye bensimbi, ukuba khona kwemoto kagesi.
• I-Marimba iwuhlobo lwensimbi yase-Afrika, yaseLatin America, isici esihlukile izinti ezinamakhanda enjoloba, ithanga njenge-resonator.

Amamodeli angabuye ahlukaniswe abe:

• I-Diatonic - kulula ukufunda, amapuleti enza umugqa owodwa, aphinda ukuhlelwa kwezihluthulelo ezimhlophe zepiyano.
• I-Chromatic - okunzima ukuyidlala: okhiye bahlelwa ngemigqa emibili, emele ukulandelana kokhiye bepiyano abamnyama nabamhlophe. Inzuzo yemodeli amathuba omculo abanzi okukhiqiza kabusha imisindo.

Ukusebenzisa

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: ekuqaleni ithuluzi lalisetshenziswa njengethuluzi lesintu kuphela. Namuhla isetshenziswa ngenkuthalo ngabaculi bethusi, i-symphony, ama-orchestra ahlukahlukene. Kunamaqembu ama-xylophonists kuphela.

Imisindo ye-Xylophone ikhona kwezinye izingoma ze-rock, blues, jazz. Kunezimo ezivamile zokucula uwedwa kusetshenziswa leli thuluzi.

Abadlali Abadumile

I-virtuoso yokuqala ye-xylophonist yayingumdali wenguqulo yesimanje yensimbi, i-Belarusian M. Guzikov. Kamuva, amathalenta K. Mikheev, A. Poddubny, B. Becker, E. Galoyan nabanye abaningi bembulwa emhlabeni.