I-Maracas: incazelo yethuluzi, ukwakheka, izinhlobo, umlando, ukusetshenziswa

UMaracas uyingxenye yeqembu lezinsimbi zomculo ezishaywayo, okuthiwa ama-idiophones, okungukuthi, ukuzishaya, okungadingi izimo ezengeziwe zokuzwakala. Ngenxa yobulula bendlela yokukhiqiza umsindo, bekuyizinsimbi zomculo zokuqala emlandweni wesintu.

Yini i-maracas

Le nsimbi ngokwemibandela ingabizwa ngokuthi i-rattle yomculo eza kithi ivela e-Latin America. Kubukeka njengethoyizi lezingane elenza umsindo ohuquzelayo lapho linyakaziswa. Igama layo libizwa kahle ngokuthi "maraca", kodwa ukuhumusha okungalungile okuvela egameni lesiSpanishi elithi "maracas" kumiswe ngesiRashiya, okuyigama lensimbi ebuningini.

Izazi zomculo zithola ukukhala okunjalo emibhalweni yesandla yasendulo; izithombe zabo zingabonakala, isibonelo, ku-mosaic evela edolobheni lase-Italy lasePompeii. AmaRoma ayebiza izinsimbi ezinjalo ngokuthi ama-crotalons. Umdwebo onemibala ovela ku-Encyclopedia, oshicilelwe ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX, uveza ama-maracas njengelungu eligcwele lomndeni wokushaywa.

Idivayisi

Ekuqaleni, ithuluzi lenziwe ngesithelo sesihlahla se-iguero. AmaNdiya aseLatin America awathatha njengesisekelo hhayi kuphela "ama-rattles" omculo, kodwa futhi nezinto zasendlini, njengezitsha. Isithelo esiyindilinga savulwa ngokucophelela, i-pulp yasuswa, amatshe amancane noma imbewu yezitshalo athululelwa ngaphakathi, futhi isibambo sasixhunywe ekugcineni, esingabanjwa ngaso. Inani lokugcwalisa izinsimbi ezahlukene lihluke komunye nomunye - lokhu kwavumela i-maracas ukuba izwakale ngokuhlukile. Ukuphakama komsindo kwakubuye kuncike ekugqileni kwezindonga ze-fetus: uma ubukhulu obukhulu, umsindo uphansi.

I-percussion yesimanje "i-rattles" yenziwa ikakhulukazi ngezinto ezijwayelekile: ipulasitiki, ipulasitiki, i-acrylic, njll. Kokubili izinto zemvelo - uphizi, ubhontshisi, nokufakelwa - ukudubula, ubuhlalu nezinye izinto ezifanayo zithululelwa ngaphakathi. Isibambo siyasuswa; lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze umenzi angashintsha ubuningi kanye nekhwalithi yokugcwalisa ngesikhathi sekhonsathi ukuze ashintshe umsindo. Kunamathuluzi enziwe ngendlela yendabuko.

Umlando wemvelaphi

UMaracas "wazalelwa" e-Antilles, lapho abantu bomdabu babehlala khona - amaNdiya. Manje isimo saseCuba sitholakala kule ndawo. Ezikhathini zasendulo, izinsimbi zomsindo wokushaqeka zazihambisana nokuphila komuntu kusukela ekuzalweni kuze kube sekufeni: zazisiza ama-shaman enze imicikilisho, ahambisane nemidanso nemikhuba ehlukahlukene.

Izigqila ezalethwa eCuba ngokushesha zafunda ukudlala i-maracas futhi zaqala ukuzisebenzisa ngezikhathi zazo ezimfushane zokuphumula. Lezi zinsimbi zisavame kakhulu, ikakhulukazi e-Afrika naseLatin America: zisetshenziselwa ukuhambisana nemidanso yesintu ehlukahlukene.

Ukusebenzisa

Umsindo "i-rattles" isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi kuma-ensembles acula umculo waseLatin America. Amaqembu namaqembu acula i-salsa, i-sambo, i-cha-cha-cha neminye imidanso efanayo awanakucatshangwa ngaphandle kwabashayi bezigubhu abadlala i-maracas. Ngaphandle kwehaba, singasho ukuthi leli thuluzi liyingxenye ebalulekile yawo wonke amasiko aseLatin America.

Amabhendi e-Jazz ayisebenzisela ukudala ukunambitheka okufanelekile, isibonelo, ezinhlotsheni zomculo ezifana ne-bossa nova. Imvamisa, ama-ensembles asebenzisa i-pair of maracas: "i-rattle" ngayinye ihlelwe ngendlela yayo, okuvumela ukuthi uhlukanise umsindo.

Lezi zinsimbi zomculo ezishaywayo sezingene ngisho emculweni wakudala. Zaqala ukusetshenziswa umsunguli we-opera enkulu yase-Italy, u-Gaspare Spontini, emsebenzini wakhe u-Fernand Cortes, noma i-Conquest of Mexico, eyabhalwa ngo-1809. Umqambi kwakudingeka anikeze i-zest yesici kumdanso waseMexico. Kakade ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX, ama-maracas angeniswa ezinhlotsheni ngabaqambi abanjengoSergei Prokofiev ku-ballet i-Romeo noJuliet, uLeonard Bernstein kwi-Third Symphony, uMalcolm Arnold emagumbini amancane e-orchestra ye-symphony, u-Edgard Varèse emdlalweni we-Ionization, lapho udlala indima esemqoka yezinsimbi zomculo ezishaywayo.

Amagama ezifunda

Manje kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-maracas: kusukela kumabhola amakhulu (ukhokho wawo kwakuyibhodwe le-tripod lobumba elalisetshenziswa ama-Aztec asendulo) kuya kuma-rattles amancane afana nethoyizi lezingane. Amathuluzi ahlobene endaweni ngayinye aqanjwe ngendlela ehlukile:

• inguqulo yaseVenezuela ithi dadoo;
• Mexican - sonjaha;
• Chilean - wada;
• I-Guatemala - i-chinchin;
• Panamanian – Nasisi.

E-Colombia, i-maracas inezinhlobo ezintathu zegama: i-alfandoke, i-karangano ne-heraza, esiqhingini saseHaiti - ezimbili: i-asson ne-cha-cha, eBrazil zibizwa ngokuthi i-bapo noma i-karkasha.

Umsindo we "rattles" uyahluka kuye ngokuthi isifunda. Isibonelo, eCuba, ama-maracas enziwe ngensimbi (lapho ebizwa ngokuthi i-maruga), ngokulandelana, umsindo uzokhula futhi ubukhali. Lezi zinsimbi zisetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko kuma-pop ensembles namaqembu agxile emculweni wesintu waseLatin America.