UMaria Nikolaevna Kuznetsova-Benois |
UMaria Kuznetsova-Benois
UMaria Nikolaevna Kuznetsova ungumculi we-opera waseRussia (soprano) nomdansi, omunye wabahlabeleli abadume kakhulu baseRussia yangaphambi kwezinguquko. Umculi ohamba yedwa ohamba phambili we-Mariinsky Theatre, obambe iqhaza ku-Russian Seasons ka-Sergei Diaghilev. Usebenze no-NA Rimsky-Korsakov, uRichard Strauss, uJules Massenet, wacula noFyodor Chaliapin noLeonid Sobinov. Ngemva kokushiya eRussia ngemva kuka-1917, waqhubeka enza ngempumelelo phesheya.
UMaria Nikolaevna Kuznetsova wazalwa ngo-1880 e-Odessa. UMaria wakhulela emkhathini wokudala nowobuhlakani, uyise u-Nikolai Kuznetsov wayengumdwebi, kanti unina wayevela emndenini wakwaMechnikov, omalume bakaMaria kwakuyisazi sezinto eziphilayo esithole umklomelo kaNobel u-Ilya Mechnikov kanye nesazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu uLev Mechnikov. UPyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky wavakashela indlu kaKuznetsovs, owadonsela ukunakekela ethalenteni lomculi wesikhathi esizayo futhi wamqambela izingoma zezingane, kusukela ebuntwaneni uMaria wayephupha ngokuba ngumdlali we-actress.
Abazali bakhe bamthumela e-gymnasium eSwitzerland, ebuyela eRussia, wafunda i-ballet eSt. Wonke umuntu waqaphela i-soprano yakhe enhle yomculo we-lyrical, ithalente elibonakalayo njengomdlali we-actress nobuhle besifazane. U-Igor Fedorovich Stravinsky wamchaza ngokuthi “… i-soprano ebabazekayo engabonwa futhi ilalelwe ngokusutha okufanayo.”
Ngo-1904, u-Maria Kuznetsova wenza i-debut yakhe esiteji se-Conservatory yaseSt. Umculi we-Soloist we-Mariinsky Theatre, ngekhefu elifushane, u-Kuznetsova wahlala kwaze kwaba yi-revolution ka-1905. Ngo-1917, amarekhodi amabili egilamafoni anerekhodi lemidlalo yakhe akhululwa eSt.
Ngesinye isikhathi, ngo-1905, ngemva nje kokuqala kuka-Kuznetsova e-Mariinsky, ngesikhathi sokudlala kwakhe enkundleni yemidlalo, kwaqubuka ingxabano phakathi kwabafundi nezikhulu, isimo sezwe sasishintshashintsha, futhi ukwesaba kwaqala enkundleni yemidlalo yaseshashalazini. UMaria Kuznetsova uphazamise iculo lika-Elsa lika-R. Wagner elithi “Lohengrin” futhi wacula ngomoya ophansi iculo lesiRashiya elithi “God Save the Tsar”, osomahlaya baphoqeleka ukuthi bayimise ingxabano futhi izethameli zehlise umoya, umdlalo uqhubeke.
Umyeni wokuqala kaMaria Kuznetsova kwakungu-Albert Albertovich Benois, ovela emndenini owaziwayo wabaklami baseRussia, abaculi, izazi-mlando uBenois. Ekuqaleni komsebenzi wakhe, uMaria wayaziwa ngaphansi kwesibongo esiphindwe kabili Kuznetsova-Benoit. Emshadweni wesibili, uMaria Kuznetsova washada nomkhiqizi uBogdanov, okwesithathu - ebhange kanye nezimboni u-Alfred Massenet, umshana womqambi odumile uJules Massenet.
Kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe, u-Kuznetsova-Benois wabamba iqhaza emidlalweni eminingi ye-opera yaseYurophu, kuhlanganise nezingxenye ze-Fevronia ku-Rimsky-Korsakov ethi The Tale of the Invisible City of Kitezh kanye ne-Maiden Fevronia noCleopatra kusukela ku-opera yegama elifanayo ngu-J. Massenet, okuyinto umqambi wambhalela ngokukhethekile. Futhi nasesiteji saseRussia wethula okokuqala ngqa izindima zika-Woglinda ku-R. Gold of the Rhine ka-R. Wagner, uCio-Cio-san ku-Madama Butterfly ka-G. Puccini nabanye abaningi. Uke wavakashela amadolobha aseRussia, France, Great Britain, Germany, Italy, USA nakwamanye amazwe neMariinsky Opera Company.
Phakathi kwezindima zakhe ezinhle kakhulu: u-Antonida (“Ukuphila Kwe-Tsar” kaM. Glinka), uLyudmila (“Ruslan noLyudmila” kaM. Glinka), u-Olga (“Mermaid” ka-A. Dargomyzhsky), Masha (“Dubrovsky” ka-E . Napravnik), Oksana (“Cherevichki” by P. Tchaikovsky), Tatiana (“Eugene Onegin” by P. Tchaikovsky), Kupava (“The Snow Maiden” by N. Rimsky-Korsakov), Juliet (“Romeo and Juliet” by Ch. Gounod), Carmen (“Carmen” Zh Bizet), Manon Lescaut (“Manon” by J. Massenet), Violetta (“La Traviata” by G. Verdi), Elsa (“Lohengrin” by R. Wagner) and others. .
Ngo-1914, Kuznetsova washiya isikhashana e-Mariinsky Theatre futhi, kanye ne-Russian Ballet ka-Sergei Diaghilev, wadlala eParis naseLondon njenge-ballerina, futhi waxhasa kancane ukusebenza kwabo. Wadansa ku-ballet ethi "The Legend of Joseph" kaRichard Strauss, i-ballet yalungiswa yizinkanyezi zesikhathi sabo - umqambi nombhidisi uRichard Strauss, umqondisi uSergei Diaghilev, umdwebi wama-choreographer uMikhail Fokin, izingubo zokugqoka kanye nemvelo uLev Bakst, umdansi ohamba phambili uLeonid Myasin. . Kwakuyindima ebalulekile nenkampani enhle, kodwa kusukela ekuqaleni ukukhiqizwa kwabhekana nobunzima obuthile: isikhathi esincane sokuzilolonga, u-Strauss wayesesimweni esibi, njengoba i-ballerinas yesivakashi u-Ida Rubinstein noLydia Sokolova benqaba ukubamba iqhaza, futhi uStrauss wenza. engathandi ukusebenza nabaculi baseFrance futhi ehlala exabana ne-orchestra, futhi u-Diaghilev wayesakhathazekile ngokuhamba komdansi uVaslav Nijinsky eqenjini. Naphezu kwezinkinga ngemuva kwezigcawu, i-ballet yaqala ngempumelelo eLondon naseParis. Ngaphezu kokuzama isandla sakhe ku-ballet, u-Kuznetsova wenza imisebenzi eminingi, kuhlanganise nokukhiqizwa kuka-Borodin ka-Prince Igor eLondon.
Ngemva kokuvukela umbuso ngo-1918, uMaria Kuznetsova wasuka eRussia. Njengoba kufanele umlingisikazi, wakwenza ngobuhle obumangalisayo - egqoke okomfana osekhabetheni, wayecashe endaweni ephansi yomkhumbi owawulibangise eSweden. Waba umculi we-opera eStockholm Opera, wabe eseba seCopenhagen wabe eseba seRoyal Opera House, eCovent Garden eLondon. Sonke lesi sikhathi wayefika njalo eParis, futhi ngo-1921 ekugcineni wazinza eParis, okwaba ikhaya lakhe lesibili lokudala.
Ngawo-1920 u-Kuznetsova wenza amakhonsathi angasese lapho ayecula khona izingoma zesiRashiya, isiFulentshi, iSpanishi ne-gypsy, ezothando nama-opera. Kula makhonsathi, wayevame ukudansa imidanso yabantu baseSpain kanye ne-flamenco. Amanye amakhonsathi akhe ayewusizo ukusiza abampofu baseRussia abafudukayo. Waba inkanyezi ye-opera yaseParis, ukwamukelwa e-salon yakhe kwakubhekwa njengodumo olukhulu. “Umbala womphakathi”, ongqongqoshe nosozimboni bagcwele phambi kwakhe. Ngaphezu kwamakhonsathi azimele, ubevame ukusebenza njengomuntu ocula yedwa ezindlini eziningi ze-opera eYurophu, okuhlanganisa nalezo eziseCovent Garden naseParis Opera nase-Opéra Comique.
Ngo-1927, uMaria Kuznetsova, kanye neNkosana u-Alexei Tsereteli kanye no-baritone Mikhail Karakash, bahlela inkampani yangasese ye-Opera yaseRussia eParis, lapho bamema abaculi abaningi be-opera baseRussia ababeshiye eRussia. I-Opera YaseRussia yadlala iSadko, The Tale of Tsar Saltan, The Tale of the Invisible City of Kitezh and the Maiden Fevronia, The Sorochinskaya Fair kanye namanye ama-opera nama-ballet abaqambi baseRussia futhi yenziwa eLondon, Paris, Barcelona, Madrid, Milan. naseBuenos Aires ekude. I-Opera yaseRussia yahlala kwaze kwaba ngu-1933.
UMaria Kuznetsova wafa ngo-April 25, 1966 eParis, eFrance.
