Nadezhda Zabela-Vrubel |

Nadezhda Zabela-Vrubel

UNadezhda Ivanovna Zabela-Vrubel wazalwa ngo-April 1, 1868 emndenini womndeni omdala wase-Ukraine. Ubaba wakhe, u-Ivan Petrovich, isisebenzi sikahulumeni, wayethanda ukudweba, umculo futhi waba nesandla emfundweni eguquguqukayo yamadodakazi akhe - uCatherine noNadezhda. Kusukela eneminyaka eyishumi, uNadezhda wafunda eKiev Institute for Noble Maidens, lapho athweswa khona iziqu ngo-1883 ngendondo enkulu yesiliva.

Kusukela ngo-1885 kuya ku-1891, uNadezhda wafunda eSt. Petersburg Conservatory, ekilasini likaProfesa NA Iretskaya. "Ubuciko budinga ikhanda," kusho uNatalia Alexandrovna. Ukuze kuxazululwe inkinga yokwamukelwa, wayehlale elalela abazobhapathizwa ekhaya, abazane kabanzi.

Nakhu okubhalwa yi-LG. I-Barsova: "Yonke i-palette yemibala yakhiwe kumazwi angenasici: ithoni ehlanzekile, njengokungathi, ingapheli futhi igeleza ngokuqhubekayo futhi ithuthuke. Ukwakheka kwephimbo akuzange kuvimbe ukuphinyiswa komlomo: “Ongwaqa bayacula, abakhiyi, bayacula!” U-Iretskaya usiza ukubungaza. Wayebheka iphimbo elingamanga njengephutha elikhulu, futhi ukucula ngenkani kwakubhekwa njengenhlekelele enkulu kunazo zonke - umphumela wokuphefumula okungekuhle. Izimfuneko ezilandelayo zika-Iretskaya zazizesimanje impela: “Kumelwe ukwazi ukubamba umoya ngenkathi ucula umushwana – phefumula kalula, ubambe i-diaphragm yakho ngenkathi ucula umushwana, uzwe isimo sokucula.” UZabela wafunda izifundo ze-Iretskaya ngokuphelele ... "

Ukuhlanganyela kakade ekusebenzeni komfundi "Fidelio" kaBeethoven ngoFebhuwari 9, 1891 kwadonsela ukunaka kochwepheshe kumculi osemusha owenza ingxenye yeLeonora. Ababuyekezi baqaphele "ukuqonda okuhle kwesikole nomculo", "izwi eliqinile neliqeqeshwe kahle", ngenkathi bebonisa ukuntuleka "kokukwazi ukuhlala esiteji".

Ngemva kokuphothula e-conservatory, uNadezhda, ngesimemo sika-AG Rubinstein wenza uhambo lwekhonsathi eJalimane. Khona-ke uya eParis - ukuze athuthuke noM. Marchesi.

Umsebenzi wesiteji kaZabela waqala ngo-1893 e-Kyiv, e-I.Ya. Setov. E-Kyiv, udlala indima kaNedda (Pagliacci kaLeoncavallo), u-Elizabeth (Tannhäuser kaWagner), Mikaela (uCarmen kaBizet), uMignon (uThomas 'Mignon), uTatiana (u-Eugene Onegin kaTchaikovsky), uGorislava (Ruslan noLyudmila" nguGlinka), Izinkinga ("Nero" nguRubinstein).

Okuphawuleka kakhulu indima ka-Marguerite (Gounod's Faust), enye yezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi evezwayo kuma-opera akudala. Esebenza njalo esithombeni sika-Margarita, u-Zabela usihumusha ngobuqili ngokwengeziwe. Nansi enye yezibuyekezo ezivela e-Kyiv: “UNksz. UZabela, esihlangane naye okokuqala kulo mdlalo, wenze isithombe esisankondlo, ubemuhle ngendlela encomekayo ngokwezwi, kangangoba kusukela eqala ukubonakala esiteji emdlalweni wesibili nakweyokuqala kodwa kwaba nephuzu lokuvula kwakhe. ephindaphindayo, eculwa kahle, kwaze kwafika endaweni yokugcina ejele lesenzo sokugcina, wakuthatha ngokuphelele ukunaka nesimo somphakathi.

Ngemuva kukaKyiv, uZabela wadlala eTiflis, lapho i-repertoire yakhe yayihlanganisa izindima zikaGilda (Verdi's Rigoletto), Violetta (Verdi's La Traviata), uJuliet (Gounod's Romeo and Juliet), Inea (Meyerbeer's African), Tamara ( Idemoni "kaRubinstein). , UMaria ("Mazepa" kaTchaikovsky), uLisa ("Indlovukazi ye-Spades" kaTchaikovsky).

Ngo-1896, uZabela wadlala eSt. Petersburg, ePanaevsky Theatre. Kwesinye sezivivinyo zikaHansel noGretel kaHumperdinck, uNadezhda Ivanovna wahlangana nomyeni wakhe wesikhathi esizayo. Nansi indlela yena ngokwakhe akhuluma ngayo ngakho: “Ngamangala futhi ngashaqeka ngandlela-thile lapho umnumzane othile egijima weza kimi futhi, wanga isandla sami, wababaza: “Izwi elimnandi!” U-TS Lyubatovich washesha ukungethula: "Umculi wethu uMikhail Alexandrovich Vrubel" - futhi wathi kimi eceleni: "Umuntu obanzi kakhulu, kodwa ohloniphekile."

Ngemva komdlalo wokuqala kaHansel noGretel, uZabela waletha uVrubel endlini kaGe, lapho ayehlala khona ngaleso sikhathi. Udadewabo “waphawula ukuthi uNadia wayemncane ngandlela thize futhi ethakazelisa, futhi waqaphela ukuthi lokhu kwakungenxa yesimo sothando ayesizungezwe yile Vrubel.” Kamuva uVrubel wathi “ukuba wayenqabile, wayezozibulala.”

NgoJulayi 28, 1896, umshado kaZabela noVrubel wenziwa eSwitzerland. Osanda kushada ojabule wabhalela udadewabo: “EMikh[ail Alexandrovich] ngithola izici ezinhle ezintsha nsuku zonke; okokuqala, umnene ngendlela engavamile futhi unomusa, uyathinta nje, ngaphandle kwalokho, ngihlala ngijabule futhi kulula ngendlela emangalisayo naye. Ngokuqinisekile ngiyakholelwa ekhonweni lakhe mayelana nokucula, uzoba usizo kakhulu kimi, futhi kubonakala sengathi ngizokwazi ukumthonya.

Njengomuntu othandwa kakhulu, uZabela uqoke indima kaTatiana ku-Eugene Onegin. Wayicula okokuqala e-Kyiv, e-Tiflis wakhetha le ngxenye ukuze asebenze kahle, naseKharkov lapho eqala khona. U-M. Dulova, owayengumculi osemusha, wakhuluma ngokubonakala kwakhe kokuqala esiteji se-Kharkov Opera Theatre ngo-September 18, 1896 ezikhumbuzweni zakhe: "UNadezhda Ivanovna wenza umbono omnandi kuwo wonke umuntu: ngokubukeka kwakhe, imvunulo, isisindo ... Tatyana – Zabela. U-Nadezhda Ivanovna wayemuhle kakhulu futhi enesitayela. Umdlalo othi "Onegin" wawumuhle kakhulu. Ithalente lakhe lachuma eMamontov Theatre, lapho wamenywa khona nguSavva Ivanovich ekwindla ka-1897 nomyeni wakhe. Ngokushesha kwaba khona umhlangano wakhe nomculo Rimsky-Korsakov.

Ngokokuqala ngqa, uRimsky-Korsakov wezwa umculi ngoDisemba 30, 1897 engxenyeni yeVolkhova eSadko. “Ungacabanga ukuthi bengikhathazeke kanjani, ngikhuluma phambi kombhali emdlalweni onzima kangaka,” kusho uZabela. Nokho, ukwesaba kwaphenduka ihaba. Ngemva kwesithombe sesibili, ngahlangana no-Nikolai Andreevich futhi ngathola imvume egcwele kuye.

Isithombe seVolkhova sasihambisana nobuntu bomculi. U-Ossovsky wabhala: “Lapho ecula, kubonakala sengathi imibono engabonakali iyanyakaza futhi ishanela phambi kwamehlo akho, imnene futhi ... cishe ayitholakali ... Lapho kufanele bezwe usizi, akulona usizi, kodwa ukububula okujulile, ngaphandle kokukhononda nethemba.”

U-Rimsky-Korsakov ngokwakhe, ngemuva kukaSadko, ubhalela umdwebi: "Yebo, ngaleyo ndlela uqambe i-Sea Princess, ukuthi udale isithombe sakhe ekuculeni nasesiteji, esizohlala nawe kuze kube phakade emcabangweni wami ..."

Ngokushesha Zabela-Vrubel waqala ukubizwa ngokuthi "umculi Korsakov". Waba protagonist ekukhiqizeni ubuciko obunjalo nguRimsky-Korsakov njengeThe Pskovite Woman, May Night, The Snow Maiden, Mozart kanye Salieri, The Tsar's Bride, Vera Sheloga, The Tale of Tsar Saltan, "Koschei the Deathless".

U-Rimsky-Korsakov akazange afihle ubuhlobo bakhe nomculi. Ngokuphathelene ne-Maid of Pskov, uthe: “Ngokuvamile, ngibheka u-Olga njengendima yakho engcono kakhulu, ngisho noma ngingafumbanga ngisho nokuba khona kukaChaliapin ngokwakhe esiteji. Ngokwengxenye ye-Snow Maiden, uZabela-Vrubel naye wathola udumo oluphakeme kakhulu lomlobi: "Angikaze ngizwe i-Snow Maiden eculwa njengoNadezhda Ivanovna ngaphambili."

U-Rimsky-Korsakov ngokushesha wabhala ezinye zezothando zakhe nezindima zakhe ezisekelwe emathubeni obuciko kaZabela-Vrubel. Lapha kuyadingeka ukubiza uVera (“Boyarina Vera Sheloga”), kanye neNkosazana Swan (“The Tale of Tsar Saltan”), kanye Nobuhle Othandekayo Wenkosazana (“Koschei the Immortal”), kanye-ke noMarfa, ngo. "Umlobokazi weTsar".

Ngo-Okthoba 22, 1899, i-The Tsar's Bride yaqala ukudlala. Kulo mdlalo, izici ezinhle kakhulu zethalente likaZabela-Vrubel zivele. Akumangalisi ukuthi abantu ababephila ngesikhathi bambiza ngokuthi ungumculi womphefumulo wesifazane, amaphupho anokuthula wesifazane, uthando nokudabuka. Futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhlanzeka kwe-crystal yobunjiniyela bomsindo, ukucaca kwe-crystal ye-timbre, ububele obukhethekile be-cantilena.

Umgxeki I. Lipaev wabhala: “UNksz. UZabela uvele waba iMarfa enhle, egcwele ukunyakaza okuthobekile, intobeko efana nejuba, futhi ngezwi lakhe elifudumele, elizwakalayo, elingenawo amahloni ngenxa yokuphakama kwephathi, yonke into ethathelwe umculo nobuhle ... UZabela akaqhathaniswa nezigcawu UDunyasha, noLykov, lapho konke anakho kuwuthando nethemba lekusasa eliqhakazile, futhi okuhle nakakhulu esenzweni sokugcina, lapho i-potion isivele yafaka ubuthi entweni embi futhi izindaba zokubulawa kukaLykov ziyamhlanyisa. Futhi ngokuvamile, uMarfa wathola umculi ongavamile kumuntu kaZabela.

Impendulo evela komunye umgxeki, uKashkin: “UZabela ucula i-aria [kaMartha] ngendlela emangalisayo. Le nombolo idinga izindlela zokukhuluma ezihlukile, futhi ababaningi abaculi abane-mezza voche emnandi kurejista ephakeme kakhulu njengoba u-Zabela ebukisa. Kunzima ukucabanga le aria eculwa kangcono. Isigcawu kanye ne-aria yohlanya lukaMartha lwenziwa uZabela ngendlela ethinta inhliziyo nesankondlo ngendlela engajwayelekile, enomqondo olinganiselayo. U-Engel ubuye wancoma ukucula nokudlala kukaZabela: “UMarfa [Zabela] ubemuhle kakhulu, yeka ukuthi ingakanani imfudumalo nokuthinta inhliziyo ezwini lakhe nasekudlaleni kwakhe esiteji! Ngokuvamile, indima entsha cishe iphumelele ngokuphelele kumdlali we-actress; uchitha cishe yonke ingxenye ohlotsheni oluthile lwe-mezza voche, ngisho nakumanothi aphezulu, okunikeza uMarfa leyo halo yokuthobeka, ukuthobeka kanye nokuyeka ukudalelwa, okuyinto, ngicabanga ukuthi, yadonswa emcabangweni wembongi.

UZabela-Vrubel odlala indawo kaMartha uhlabe umxhwele kakhulu u-OL Knipper, obhalele uChekhov: “Izolo bengikwi-opera, ngilalele iThe Tsar’s Bride okwesibili. Yeka umculo omnandi, ocashile, onomusa! Futhi yeka ukuthi u-Marfa Zabela ucula futhi adlale kamnandi kanjani. Ngakhala kakhulu esenzweni sokugcina - wangithinta. Ngokumangazayo uvele ahole endaweni yomsangano, iphimbo lakhe licacile, liphakeme, lithambile, alikho nelilodwa izwi elinomsindo, kanye nezimbeleko. Sonke isithombe sikaMarta sigcwele ububele, amazwi, ubumsulwa - akusuki ekhanda lami. ”

Yebo, ingoma kaZabela ye-operatic ayizange iphelele emculweni wombhali wencwadi ethi The Tsar's Bride. Wayengu-Antonida omuhle kakhulu ku-Ivan Susanin, wacula ngomphefumulo wonke ethi Iolanta ku-opera kaTchaikovsky enegama elifanayo, waze waphumelela emfanekisweni kaMimi kuLa Boheme kaPuccini. Noma kunjalo, abesifazane baseRussia baseRimsky-Korsakov bavusa impendulo enkulu emphefumulweni wakhe. Kuyisici ukuthi uthando lwakhe lwakha isisekelo se-repertoire yekamelo likaZabela-Vrubel.

Esiphethweni esibuhlungu kakhulu somculi kwakukhona okuthile okuvela kumaqhawekazi kaRimsky-Korsakov. Ehlobo lika-1901, uNadezhda Ivanovna waba nendodana, u-Savva. Kodwa ngemva kweminyaka emibili wagula wafa. Ngaphezu kwalokhu kwaba ukugula ngengqondo komyeni wakhe. U-Vrubel washona ngo-April 1910. Futhi umsebenzi wakhe wokudala ngokwawo, okungenani waseshashalazini, wawumfushane ngokungafanele. Ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu yemidlalo emihle esiteji se-Moscow Private Opera, kusukela ngo-1904 kuya ku-1911 uZabela-Vrubel wakhonza eMariinsky Theatre.

I-Mariinsky Theatre yayinezinga eliphakeme lochwepheshe, kodwa yayingenawo umoya wokugubha nothando owawubusa eMamontov Theatre. U-MF Gnesin wabhala ngokudabuka: “Ngesikhathi ngifika enkundleni yemidlalo yaseshashalazini e-Sadko neqhaza lakhe, angikwazanga ukuzibamba ngacasulwa ukungabonakali kwakhe emdlalweni. Ukubukeka kwakhe, nokucula kwakhe, kwakusekuthandeka kimi, kodwa nokho, uma kuqhathaniswa nokwangaphambili, kwakunjengokungathi, i-watercolor ethambile futhi efiphele, ekhumbuza kuphela isithombe esipendwe ngopende kawoyela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo yakhe yasesiteji yayingenazo izinkondlo. Ukoma okukhona emikhiqizweni yasetiyetha kahulumeni kwazwakala kukho konke.

Esiteji sobukhosi, akazange abe nethuba lokwenza ingxenye ye-Fevronia ku-opera kaRimsky-Korsakov ethi The Tale of the Invisible City of Kitezh. Futhi abantu besikhathi samanje bathi esiteji sekhonsathi le ngxenye izwakala iyinhle kuye.

Kodwa ubusuku begumbi likaZabela-Vrubel buye baqhubeka nokuheha ochwepheshe beqiniso. Ikhonsathi yakhe yokugcina yenzeka ngo-June 1913, kwathi ngo-July 4, 1913, uNadezhda Ivanovna wafa.