I-Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra (Wiener Philharmoniker) |

Wiener Philharmoniker

I-orchestra yokuqala yekhonsathi yobungcweti e-Austria, enye yezindala eYurophu. Yasungulwa ngohlelo lomqambi nombhidisi u-Otto Nicolai, umgxeki nomshicileli u-A. Schmidt, umculi wevayolini u-K. Holz kanye nembongi uN. Lenau. Ikhonsathi yokuqala ye-Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra yenzeke ngo-March 28, 1842, eyenziwa ngu-O. Nicolai. I-Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra ihlanganisa abaculi abavela eVienna Opera Orchestra. I-orchestra iholwa yikomiti labantu abangu-10. Ekuqaleni, ithimba lenze ngaphansi kwegama elithi "Abasebenzi be-Orchestral ye-Imperial Court Opera". Ngama-60s. izinhlobo zenhlangano zomsebenzi we-orchestra sezithuthukile, ezilondolozwe kuze kube namuhla: i-Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra minyaka yonke inikeza umjikelezo wamakhonsathi ayisishiyagalombili abhaliselwe ngeSonto, aphindwa ngeMisombuluko (andulelwa ukuphindaphinda okuvulelekile kwendabuko). Ngokungeziwe kumakhonsathi okubhaliselwe avamile, okulandelayo kubanjwa minyaka yonke: ikhonsathi yesikhumbuzo yomsunguli weqembu u-O. Nicolai, ikhonsathi enesizotha kaNcibijane evela emisebenzini yomculo olula wase-Viennese kanye nenani lamakhonsathi okubhalisa okwengeziwe. Amakhonsathi e-Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra enzeka eHholo Elikhulu laseVienna Musikverein phakathi nasemini.

I-Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra ithathe indawo evelele empilweni yomculo wezwe. Kusukela ngo-1860, i-orchestra, njengomthetho, yenziwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwabaholi bayo baphakade - O. Dessoff (1861-75), X. Richter (1875-98), G. Mahler (1898-1901). U-Richter no-Mahler bandise kakhulu i-repertoire yabo, kuhlanganise nemisebenzi yabaqambi abavela emazweni ahlukene (A. Dvorak, B. Smetana, Z. Fibich, P. Tchaikovsky, C. Saint-Saens, njll.). Iholwa nguRichter, iVienna Philharmonic Orchestra yaqala uhambo lokuya eSalzburg (1877), futhi ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukaMahler yenza uhambo lokuqala lwaphesheya (Paris, 1900). Abaqambi abakhulu bamenywa njengabaqondisi bokuvakasha: kusukela ngo-1862, u-I. Brahms, kanye no-R. Wagner (1872, 1875), A. Bruckner (1873), noG. Verdi (1875), bacula ngokuphindaphindiwe ne-Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra.

Ekhulwini lama-20, leli qoqo laliholwa abaqhubi abadumile uF. Weingartner (1908-27), W. Furtwängler (1927-30, 1938-45), G. Karajan (1956-64). F. Schalk, F. Motl, K. Muck, A. Nikisch, E. Schuh, B. Walter, A. Toscanini, K. Schuricht, G. Knappertsbusch, V. De Sabata, K. Kraus, K Böhm; kusukela ngo-1906 (kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe) u-R. Strauss wenza ne-Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra, owabhala i-Solemn Fanfare ye-orchestra (1924). Kusukela ngo-1965 i-orchestra ibisebenza nabaqhubi bezokuvakasha. Phakathi kwezimpumelelo eziphakeme kakhulu ze-Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra ukudlala komculo ka-J. Haydn, WA ​​Mozart, L. Beethoven, F. Schubert, R. Schumann, J. Brahms, A. Bruckner, H. Mahler, kanye R. Wagner , R. Strauss. Kusukela ngo-1917 i-Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra bekuyi-orchestra esemthethweni ye-Salzburg Festivals.

I-orchestra ihlanganisa abantu abangaba ngu-120. Amalungu e-Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra nawo angamalungu ezinhlobonhlobo zamagumbi ahlukene, okuhlanganisa i-Barilli ne-Concerthaus quartets, i-Vienna Octet, kanye ne-Wind Ensemble ye-Vienna Philharmonic. I-orchestra yavakashela iYurophu neMelika ngokuphindaphindiwe (e-USSR - ngo-1962 no-1971).

MM Yakovlev

I-orchestra njalo ithatha indawo yokuqala kuzo zonke izilinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe. Kusukela ngo-1933, iqembu belisebenza ngaphandle komqondisi wezobuciko, likhetha indlela yokuzibusa ngentando yeningi. Abaculi emihlanganweni evamile baxazulula zonke izinkinga zenhlangano nezobuciko, benquma ukuthi yimuphi umqhubi ozommema ngokuzayo. Futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo basebenza kuma-orchestra amabili ngesikhathi esisodwa, besemsebenzini womphakathi e-Vienna Opera. Labo abafuna ukujoyina i-Philharmonic Orchestra kumele bahlole i-opera futhi basebenze lapho okungenani iminyaka emithathu. Iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu, leli qembu bekungabesilisa kuphela. Izithombe zabesifazane bokuqala abamukelwa lapho ngasekupheleni kwawo-1990 zavela emakhazeni amaphephandaba nakomagazini.