Umlando wetrombone

akuzwakali – umoya insimbi yomculo. Eyaziwa eYurophu kusukela ngekhulu le-15, nakuba ezikhathini zasendulo amapayipi amaningana enziwe ngensimbi futhi anezimo ezigobile neziqondile ayesetshenziswa, empeleni ayengokhokho abakude be-trombone. Ngokwesibonelo, uphondo lwase-Asiriya, amapayipi amakhulu namancane enziwe ngethusi, ayesetshenziselwa ukudlala eShayina yasendulo enkundleni nasemikhankasweni yezempi. Esikweni lasendulo, umanduleli wensimbi uyatholakala. EGrisi lasendulo, i-salpinx, icilongo lensimbi eliqondile; eRoma, i-tuba directa, icilongo elingcwele elinomsindo ophansi. Ngesikhathi kumbiwa iPompeii (ngokomlando, idolobha lasendulo lamaGreki layeka ukuba khona ngaphansi komlotha wentaba-mlilo iVesuvius ngo-79 BC), kwatholakala amathuluzi ethusi amaningana afana ne-trombone, okungenzeka ukuthi kwakungamapayipi “amakhudlwana” emabhokisini , yayinemilomo yegolide futhi ihlotshiswe ngamatshe ayigugu. I-Trombone isho “icilongo elikhulu” ngesi-Italian.

Ipayipi le-rocker (sakbut) liyidlozi eliseduze le-trombone. Ngokuhambisa ipayipi emuva naphambili, umdlali angashintsha ivolumu yomoya entweni, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukukhipha imisindo ebibizwa ngokuthi isikali se-chromatic. Umsindo we-timbre wawufana nezwi lomuntu, ngakho la mapayipi ayesetshenziswa kakhulu ekwayeni yesonto ukuze athuthukise umsindo futhi abize amazwi aphansi.Kusukela yasungulwa, ukubukeka kwe-trombone akushintshile kakhulu. I-sakbut (empeleni i-trombone) yayincane ngandlela thile kunensimbi yesimanje, inomsindo werejista ehlukene (i-bass, i-tenor, i-soprano, i-alto). Ngenxa yomsindo wayo, yaqala ukusetshenziswa njalo kuma-orchestra. Lapho ama-sacbut ecwengisiswa futhi ethuthukiswa, lokhu kwanikeza umfutho ekuveleni kwe-trombone yesimanje (elivela egameni lesiNtaliyane elithi “Trombone” elihunyushwe ngokuthi “ipayipi elikhulu”) elaziwa yithi.

Izinhlobo zama-trombones

Ama-orchestra ngokuyinhloko ayenezinhlobo ezintathu zama-trombones: i-alto, i-tenor, i-bass. Lapho kukhala umsindo, kwatholakala insimbi emnyama, edangele futhi edangele, lokhu kwabangela ukuzihlanganisa namandla angaphezu kwawemvelo, anamandla, kwakuwumkhuba ukuwasebenzisa eziqeshini ezingokomfanekiso zomdlalo we-opera. I-trombone yayithandwa kakhulu ngabakwaMozart, Beethoven, Gluck, Wagner, Tchaikovsky, Berlioz. Yasakazeka kabanzi ngenxa yamaqembu amaningi azulazulayo nama-orchestra ezinsimbi ezifuthwayo, edlala eYurophu naseMelika.

Inkathi ye-romanticism yadonsela ukunaka emandleni avelele e-trombone ngabaqambi abaningi. Bathe ngale nsimbi inikezwe umsindo onamandla, ozwakalayo, osezingeni eliphezulu, yaqala ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ezigcawini zomculo ezinkulu. Engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu le-19, ukudlala uwedwa okuhambisana ne-trombone kwaduma (abaculi abacula yedwa be-trombonist F. Belke, K. Queiser, M. Nabih, A. Dieppo, F. Cioffi). Inani elikhulu lezincwadi zekhonsathi nemisebenzi yabaqambi iyakhiwa.

Ezikhathini zanamuhla, kunesithakazelo esivuselelwe kuma-sacbuts (i-trombone yasendulo) nezindlela zawo ezihlukahlukene ezazidumile ezikhathini zasendulo.