Zara Alexandrovna Dolukhanova |

Zara Dolukhanova

Wazalwa ngo-March 15, 1918 eMoscow. Ubaba - Makaryan Agassi Markovich. Umama - Makaryan Elena Gaykovna. Udadewabo - Dagmara Alexandrovna. Amadodana: Mikhail Dolukhanyan, Sergey Yadrov. Abazukulu: Alexander, Igor.

Umama kaZara wayenezwi lobuhle obungavamile. Wafunda ukucula no-AV Yuryeva, umculi odumile, u-comrade-in-arms kanye nomngane ka-AV Nezhdanova esikhathini esidlule, futhi wafundiswa ubuciko bepiyano ngu-VV Barsova, esemncane kakhulu ngaleyo minyaka, esikhathini esizayo se-prima donna ye-Bolshoi Theatre. . Ubaba wayengunjiniyela wemishini, ethanda umculo, ekwazi ngokuzimela ukucula i-violin nopiyano, wayengumtshingo ku-orchestra ye-symphony eyimfundamakhwela. Ngakho-ke, bobabili amadodakazi abazali abanamakhono, uDagmara noZara, kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila kwabo, babekhona endaweni egcwele umculo, kusukela esemncane baziswa isiko langempela lomculo. Kusukela eneminyaka emihlanu, uZara omncane waqala ukuthatha izifundo zepiyano ku-Karandasheva-Yakovleva, futhi eneminyaka eyishumi wangena esikoleni somculo wezingane esiqanjwe ngo-KN Igumnov. Kakade ngonyaka wesithathu wokufunda, ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukathisha wakhe SN Nikiforova, wadlala i-sonatas kaHaydn, Mozart, Beethoven, izandulela kanye namafugues kaBach. Ngokushesha uZara wathuthela ekilasini le-violin futhi ngemva konyaka waba umfundi eGnessin Music College, lapho afunda khona kusukela ngo-1933 kuya ku-1938.

Esikoleni somculo wezobuchwepheshe, umeluleki wakhe wayeyingcweti evelele, owakhulisa umthala odumile wabanqobi be-violin, uPyotr Abramovich Bondarenko, uprofesa we-Gnessin Institute kanye ne-Conservatory. Ekugcineni, uZara oneminyaka eyishumi nesithupha, eqale wajoyina izinsimbi ezimbili, wathola indlela yakhe eyinhloko. Ukufaneleka kulokhu ngumculi wekamelo nothisha VM Belyaeva-Tarasevich. Uthisha, ethembele kumanothi esifuba angokwemvelo namnandi, waveza izwi lakhe njenge-mezzo-soprano. Amakilasi noVera Manuilovna asize izwi lomculi wesikhathi esizayo ukuba likhule libe namandla, labeka isisekelo esiqinile sokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo.

Iminyaka yokufunda kukaZara eKolishi Lomculo ihambisane nesikhathi sokuqhakaza komqambi waseRussia kanye nesikole esidlalayo. E-Conservatory kanye ne-Column Hall yeNdlu Yezinyunyana, kanye nabaculi basekhaya, osaziwayo bangaphandle, amakhosi esizukulwane esidala athathelwa indawo ngabanqobi abasha, abalingani besikhathi esizayo bomculi. Kodwa kuze kube manje, eminyakeni yama-30s, akazange acabange ngisho nangesiteji sochwepheshe futhi ehluke kozakwabo - abafundi be-novice kuphela ekusebenzeni kwakhe okukhulu nokuqina, ukoma okungapheli kokuhlangenwe nakho okusha. Kubaculi basekhaya, uZare ngaleyo minyaka wayesondelene kakhulu no-NA Obukhova, MP Maksakova, VA Davydova, ND Shpiller, S.Ya. Lemeshev. Umdlali wezinsimbi wakamuva, u-Zara osemncane udwebe imizwa ecebile kumakhonsathi abadlali bevayolin, abadlali bopiyano, nama-ensembles e-chamber.

Ukuthuthukiswa kochwepheshe kukaZara Alexandrovna, ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono akhe kwakungasahlotshaniswa nesikhungo semfundo. Ngaphandle kokuphothula esikoleni sobuchwepheshe, waya eYerevan ngenxa yezizathu zomuntu siqu - umhlangano no-Alexander Pavlovich Dolukhanyan, osemusha, omuhle, onekhono, onothando nomshado washintsha ngokuphawulekayo isigqi sokuphila esivamile somfundi onembile, okhuthele. Ucwaningo luphazamiseke ngaphambi nje kokubhalwa kwezivivinyo zokugcina. UDolukhanyan wathatha umsebenzi wokuba uthisha wezwi futhi waqinisekisa umkakhe ukuthi uthanda inguqulo yomndeni "ye-conservatory", ikakhulukazi njengoba engumuntu onekhono kakhulu ezindabeni zezwi nezobuchwepheshe, owaziyo futhi ethanda ukusebenza naye. abaculi, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, umculi we-erudite ngezinga elikhulu, ehlala eqiniseka ngokufaneleka kwakhe. Wathweswa iziqu njengomdlali wopiyano e-Leningrad Conservatory, futhi ngo-1935 wabuye waphothula izifundo ze-postgraduate no-SI Savshinsky, uprofesa onegunya kunawo wonke, inhloko yomnyango, futhi ngemva nje komshado wakhe waqala ukuthuthukisa ukwakheka no-N.Ya. Myaskovsky. Kakade e-Yerevan, efundisa amakilasi opiyano namakamelo e-conservatory, u-Dolukhanyan wanikeza amakhonsathi amaningi ehlangene no-Pavel Lisitsian osemusha. UZara Alexandrovna ukhumbula lesi sikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, esizinikele ekudaleni, ukuqoqwa kwamakhono, njengokujabula nokuthela.

Kusukela ekwindla ka-1938 e-Yerevan, umculi ngokungazi wajoyina impilo yaseshashalazini futhi wezwa isimo esimatasa sokulungiselela iminyaka eyishumi yobuciko base-Armenia eMoscow, ekhathazeka ngezihlobo zakhe - abahlanganyeli besithangami: ngemuva kwakho konke, unyaka ngaphambi komshado wakhe noDolukhanyan. , washada nenkanyezi ekhulayo yesiteji sase-Armenia - u-baritone udadewabo omdala kaPavel Lisitsian Dagmar waphuma. Yomibili imindeni ngokugcwele ngo-October 1939 waya eMoscow iminyaka eyishumi. Futhi ngokushesha uZara ngokwakhe waba soloist Yerevan Theatre.

U-Dolukhanova wenza njengo-Dunyasha ku-The Tsar's Bride, u-Polina ku-Queen of Spades. Womabili ama-opera aqhutshwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa kuka-MA Tavrizian, umculi oqinile futhi onenkani. Ukuhlanganyela emikhiqizweni yakhe kuwuvivinyo olungathi sína, isivivinyo sokuqala sokuvuthwa. Ngemva kwekhefu elifushane ngenxa yokuzalwa kwengane futhi wachitha nomyeni wakhe eMoscow, Zara Alexandrovna wabuyela Yerevan Theatre, kwaba ekuqaleni kwempi, futhi waqhubeka nokusebenza izingxenye opera mezzo-soprano. irepertoire. Impilo yomculo yenhloko-dolobha yase-Armenia ngaleso sikhathi yaqhubeka ngamandla amakhulu ngenxa yabaculi abavelele abathuthelwa eYerevan. Lo mculi osemncane wayenothile ayezofunda kuye ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukukhula kwakhe kokudala. Phakathi nezinkathi ezimbalwa zomsebenzi eYerevan, uZara Dolukhanova walungiselela futhi wenza ingxenye ye-Countess de Ceprano kanye nePage eRigoletto, Emilia e-Othello, Intombazane Yesibili e-Anush, Gayane e-Almast, Olga e-Eugene Onegin. Futhi kungazelelwe eneminyaka engamashumi amabili nesithupha - valelisa ethiyetha! Kungani? Owokuqala owaphendula lo mbuzo oyindida, ebona ushintsho oluzayo, kwakunguMikael Tavrizian, umbhidisi omkhulu we-Yerevan Opera ngaleso sikhathi. Ekupheleni kuka-1943, wazizwa ngokucacile ukugxuma kwekhwalithi okwenziwe umculi osemusha ekuthuthukiseni amasu okwenza, waphawula ukukhazimula okukhethekile kwe-coloratura, imibala emisha ye-timbre. Kwaba sobala ukuthi kwakucula inkosi eyakhiwe kakade, eyayilindele ikusasa eliqhakazile, kodwa yayingaxhumene neze nenkundla yemidlalo yaseshashalazini, kunalokho ngomsebenzi wekhonsathi. Ngokusho komculi ngokwakhe, ukucula kwe-chamber kwanikeza ithuba lokulangazelela kwakhe ukutolikwa komuntu ngamunye kanye nomsebenzi wamahhala, onganqunyelwe ekupheleleni kwezwi.

Ukulwela ukuphelela kwezwi kungenye yezinto ezimkhathaza kakhulu umculi. Lokhu wakuzuza ngokuyinhloko lapho enza imisebenzi ka-A. no-D. Scarlatti, A. Caldara, B. Marcello, J. Pergolesi nabanye. Ukuqoshwa kwalezi zingoma kungaba insiza yokufundisa ebaluleke kakhulu kubahlabeleli. Ngokusobala, ikilasi lomculi lavezwa ekusebenzeni kwemisebenzi kaBach noHandel. Amakhonsathi kaZara Dolukhanova ahlanganisa imijikelezo yezwi kanye nemisebenzi kaF. Schubert, R. Schumann, F. Liszt, I. Brahms, R. Strauss, kanye noMozart, Beethoven, Stravinsky, Prokofiev, Shostakovich, Sviridov nabanye. Umculo we-Russian chamber ku-repertoire umculi wanikela ngezinhlelo ezinwetshiwe. Kubaqambi besikhathi samanje, uZara Alexandrovna naye wenza imisebenzi kaY. Shaporin, R. Shchedrin, S. Prokofiev, A. Dolukhanyan, M. Tariverdiev, V. Gavrilin, D. Kabalevsky nabanye.

Umsebenzi wobuciko kaDolukhanova uhlanganisa inkathi yeminyaka engamashumi amane. Ucule emahholo ekhonsathi ahamba phambili eYurophu, eNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika, e-Asia, e-Australia naseNew Zealand. Ezikhungweni eziningi zomculo ezinkulu emhlabeni, umculi wayenikeza amakhonsathi njalo nangempumelelo enkulu.

Ubuciko be-ZA Dolukhanova baziswa kakhulu ezweni nakwamanye amazwe. Ngo-1951, waklonyeliswa ngoMklomelo Wombuso ngokudlala kahle ekhonsathini. Ngo-1952, waklonyeliswa ngesihloko Umculi Ahlonishwe Armenia, kwathi ngo-1955, the People's Artist of Armenia. Ngo-1956, ZA Dolukhanova - Umculi Yabantu we-RSFSR. NgoFebhuwari 6, uPaul Robeson wanikeza uDolukhanova Isitifiketi Sokubonga asinikezwa uMkhandlu Wokuthula Womhlaba maqondana nokugubha iminyaka eyishumi kwasungulwa inhlangano yokuthula emhlabeni wonke “Ngenxa yeqhaza lakhe elimangalisayo ekuqiniseni ukuthula nobungane phakathi kwabantu.” Ngo-1966, abaculi bokuqala baseSoviet, uZ. Dolukhanova, waklonyeliswa ngomklomelo weLenin. Ngo-1990, umculi wathola isihloko sokuhlonishwa Umculi Wabantu we-USSR. Isithakazelo esingapheli emsebenzini wakhe sifakazelwa nawukuthi, isibonelo, kusukela ngo-1990 kuya ku-1995, ama-CD ayisishiyagalombili akhululwa yinkampani iMelodiya, Monitor, Austro Mechana kanye ne-Russian Disc.

PER. UDolukhanova wayenguprofesa eGnessin Russian Academy of Music futhi wafundisa ikilasi eGnessin Institute, wahlanganyela ngenkuthalo ejajini lemincintiswano yomculo. Unabafundi abangaphezu kuka-30, abaningi babo asebengothisha ngokwabo.

Washona ngoDisemba 4, 2007 eMoscow.