Wolfgang Sawallisch |

UWolfgang Sawallisch

Ngo-1956, uWolfgang Sawallisch wama okokuqala endaweni yesikhulumi seVienna Symphony, elinye lama-orchestra amahle kakhulu eYurophu, ukuze aqhube ikhonsathi yochungechunge lweGrand Symphony. Kwavela “uthando ekuqaleni” phakathi kombhidisi neqembu le-orchestra, okwamholela ngokushesha esikhundleni sokuba umbhidisi oyinhloko waleli qembu. Abaculi bakhangwe uZawallish ngolwazi lwakhe oluphelele lwamaphuzu kanye nokwethula okucacile ngokungavamile kwezifiso nezimfuneko zakhe. Babeyazisa indlela yakhe yokusebenza ekuziqeqesheni, okuqinile, kodwa okunjengebhizinisi kakhulu, okungenayo noma yikuphi okuthakazelisayo, imikhuba. “Yini ewuphawu lukaZawallish,” kuphawula ibhodi le-orchestra, “ukuthi aka… Ngempela, umculi ngokwakhe uchaza i-credo yakhe ngale ndlela: "Ngingathanda ukuthi umuntu wami angabonakali ngokuphelele, ukuze ngibone ngeso lengqondo umculo womqambi futhi ngizame ukuwenza uzwakale sengathi uzilalele ngokwakhe, ukuze noma yimuphi umculo. , kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uMozart, uBeethoven, uWagner, uStrauss noma uTchaikovsky - uzwakale ngokwethembeka okuphelele. Yiqiniso, ngokuvamile siyayibona imvelo yalezo zikhathi ngamehlo ethu futhi siyizwe ngezindlebe zethu. Ngiyangabaza ukuthi singabona futhi sizizwe njengakuqala. Sizohlala siqhubeka kusukela esikhathini sethu futhi, isibonelo, sibona futhi sihumushe umculo wothando ngokusekelwe emizweni yethu yamanje. Ukuthi lo muzwa uhambisana nemibono kaSchubert noma uSchumann, asazi.

Ukuvuthwa, isipiliyoni kanye nekhono lokufunda kwafika ku-Zawallish eminyakeni eyishumi nambili nje kuphela - umsebenzi odidayo wokuqhuba umbhidisi, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ongenakho noma iyiphi imizwa. UWolfgang Sawallisch wazalelwa eMunich futhi kusukela ebuntwaneni wabonisa ithalente lomculo. Kakade lapho eneminyaka eyisithupha, wachitha amahora amaningi edlala upiyano futhi wayefuna ukuba ngumdlali wopiyano kuqala. Kodwa ngemva kokuvakashela i-opera house okokuqala ngqá emdlalweni kaHumperdinck othi “Hansel and Gretel”, waqala ukuzwa isifiso sokuhola i-orchestra.

Umfundi oneminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalolunye othweswe iziqu esikoleni saseZavallish uya phambili. Izifundo zakhe zaqalwa kabusha ngo-1946 kuphela. Lapho ebuyela eMunich, waba umfundi kaJosef Haas ngokombono kanye noHans Knappertsbusch ekuqhubeni. Lo mculi osemusha ulwela ukuvala isikhathi esilahlekile futhi ushiya izifundo zakhe ngonyaka olandelayo ukuze athathe indawo yokuba ngumqhubi e-Augsburg. Kufanele uqale nge-operetta ka-R. Benatsky ethi “The Enchanted Girls”, kodwa ngokushesha waba nenhlanhla yokuqhuba i-opera – yonke efanayo ethi “Hansel and Gretel”; iphupho lobusha lifezekile.

UZawallisch wasebenza e-Augsburg iminyaka eyisikhombisa futhi wafunda okuningi. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, waphinde wadlala njengomdlali wopiyano futhi wakwazi nokuwina umklomelo wokuqala emqhudelwaneni wezingoma ze-sonata e-Geneva, kanye nomdlali we-violinist G. Seitz. Wabe eseyosebenza e-Aachen, kakade "umqondisi womculo", futhi wenza okuningi kokubili ku-opera nasemakhonsathini lapha, futhi kamuva eWiesbaden. Khona-ke, kakade eminyakeni engamashumi ayisithupha, kanye ne-Vienna Symphonies, wabuye wahola i-Cologne Opera.

U-Zawallish uhamba kancane uma kuqhathaniswa, ekhetha umsebenzi waphakade. Nokho, lokhu akusho ukuthi ulinganiselwe kuphela: umqhubi uhlala enza emikhosini emikhulu eLucerne, Edinburgh, Bayreuth nezinye izikhungo zomculo zaseYurophu.

I-Zawallish ayinabo abaqambi abayintandokazi, izitayela, izinhlobo. Uthi: “Ngithola ukuthi umuntu akanakudlala i-opera ngaphandle kokuqonda ngokugcwele i-symphony, futhi okuphambene nalokho, ukuze ezwe imizwelo yomculo evusa amadlingozi yekhonsathi ye-symphony, i-opera iyadingeka. Nginikeza indawo eyinhloko kumakhonsathi ami kwakudala nezothando, kokubili ngomqondo obanzi wegama. Bese kulandela umculo wesimanje owaziwayo kuze kufike kowakudala osevele ucwebezelwe namuhla - njenge-Hindemith, Stravinsky, Bartok ne-Honegger. Ngiyavuma ukuthi kuze kube manje angikakhangwa kangako ngokwedlulele - umculo onethoni eyishumi nambili. Zonke lezi zingcezu zendabuko zomculo wakudala, wothando nowesimanje ngiziphatha ngekhanda. Lokhu akufanele kubhekwe “njengobuhle” noma inkumbulo engavamile: Nginombono wokuthi umuntu kufanele akhule asondelene kakhulu nomsebenzi ohunyushiwe ukuze azi kahle indwangu yayo yomculo, ukwakheka, isigqi. Ngokudlala ngekhanda, ufinyelela ukuxhumana okujulile nokuqondile ne-orchestra. I-orchestra ngokushesha izwa ukuthi izithiyo ziyasuswa.”

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, ngo-1969