Valery Alexandrovich Gavrilin |

Valery Gavrilin

“Iphupho lami wukufinyelela wonke umuntu ngomculo wami. Ngihlale ngilunywa yizinhlungu: bazoqonda? - lawa mazwi ka-V. Gavrilin abonakala eyi-alamu eyize: umculo wakhe awuqondi nje kuphela, uyathandwa, uyaziwa, ufundwa, uhlonishwa, ulingisa. Impumelelo yokunqoba emhlabeni wonke ye-Russian Notebook, Chimes, kanye ne-Anuta ballet iwubufakazi balokhu. Futhi imfihlo yale mpumelelo akukhona nje kuphela ethalenteni elingavamile, eliyingqayizivele lomqambi, kodwa futhi eqinisweni lokuthi abantu besikhathi sethu balangazelela lolu hlobo lomculo ngokuqondile - olula ngokuyimfihlo futhi olujulile ngokumangalisayo. Ihlanganisa ngokweqiniso isiRashiya kanye nendawo yonke, amaqiniso asendulo kanye nezindaba ezibuhlungu kakhulu zesikhathi sethu, amahlaya nokudabuka, kanye nalokho okungokomoya okuphezulu okuhlanza futhi kugcwalise umphefumulo. Nokho - uGavrilin uphiwe isipho esingandile, esibabayo nesingcwele somculi weqiniso - ikhono lokuzwa ubuhlungu bomunye umuntu njengowakhe ...

"Amathalenta aseRussia, uvelaphi?" UGavrilin wayengawuphendula lo mbuzo ka-E. Yevtushenko ngamazwi ka-A. Exupery: “Ngivelaphi? Ngisuka ebuntwaneni bami…” KuGavrilin, ngokuqondene nezinkulungwane zontanga yakhe - "amanxeba alimele", impi yayiyinkulisa. “Izingoma zokuqala empilweni yami kwaba ukuhayiza nokukhala kwabesifazane abathola imingcwabo phambili,” uzosho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, osengumuntu omdala. Wayeneminyaka engu-2 ngesikhathi umngcwabo ufika emndenini wabo - ngo-Agasti XNUMX, ubaba wakhe washona eduze kwaseLeningrad. Kwabe sekuba neminyaka eminingi yempi kanye nekhaya lezintandane eVologda, lapho izingane zaziqhuba khona umuzi ngokwazo, zatshala insimu, zagunda utshani, zageza phansi, zanakekela izinkomo. Futhi ikhaya lezintandane lalibuye libe ne-choir yalo kanye ne-orchestra yabantu, kwakukhona upiyano kanye nothisha womculo u-T. Tomashevskaya, owavula umfana ezweni elinomusa nelimangalisayo lomculo. Futhi ngolunye usuku, lapho uthisha waseLeningrad Conservatory efika eVologda, bambonisa umfana omangalisayo, owayengawazi kahle amanothi, uqamba umculo! Futhi isiphetho Valery sashintsha kakhulu. Ngokushesha kwafika ucingo oluvela eLeningrad futhi osemusha oneminyaka eyishumi nane ubudala washiya ukuze ayongena esikoleni somculo e-conservatory. Wayiswa ekilasini le-clarinet, futhi eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, lapho kuvulwa umnyango wokuqamba izingoma esikoleni, wathuthela khona.

U-Valery wafunda ngokulangazela, ngokujabula, ngokuhlwithwa. Ekanye nontanga yakhe, egxile ngokulinganayo ku-Y. Temirkanov, Y. Simonov, wadlala wonke ama-sonatas nama-symphonies ka-I. Haydn, L. Beethoven, zonke izinto ezintsha zika-D. Shostakovich no-S. Prokofiev, akwazi ukuzithola, wazama ukuzwa umculo lapho kungenzeka khona . UGavrilin wangena eLeningrad Conservatory ngo-1958, ekilasini lokuqamba lika-O. Evlakhov. Waqamba okuningi, kodwa ngonyaka wesi-3 washintsha kungazelelwe emnyangweni wezomculo futhi wathatha umlando wezinganekwane. Waya ohambweni, wabhala izingoma, wabukisisa kakhulu ekuphileni, walalela ulimi lwesigodi lwabantu besigodi, abajwayele kusukela ebuntwaneni, wazama ukuqonda abalingiswa babo, imicabango, imizwa. Kwakuwumsebenzi onzima hhayi owokuzwa kuphela, kodwa owenhliziyo, umphefumulo, nengqondo. Kungaleso sikhathi-ke, kulezi zindawo ezisenyakatho ezikhungethwe yizimpi, ezimpofu, lapho cishe kwakungekho amadoda, elalela izingoma zabesifazane, egcwele usizi olungenakugwenywa kanye nephupho elingenakuphela lempilo ehlukile, enhle, uGavrilin waqala ukuqaphela futhi wazakhela umgomo. kanye nencazelo yokusungula komqambi - ukuhlanganisa izimpumelelo zomculo wakudala okhokhelwayo nalezi zinhlobo zansuku zonke, "eziphansi", lapho kufihlwe khona amagugu ezinkondlo nobuhle beqiniso. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, uGavrilin wabhala umsebenzi othakazelisayo nojulile emsuka wengoma yesintu yomsebenzi ka-V. Solovyov-Sedogo, futhi ngo-1964 wathweswa iziqu e-conservatory njengesazi somculo-folklorist ekilasini lika-F. Rubtsov. Kodwa-ke, akazange ashiye ukuhlanganisa umculo, eminyakeni yakhe yokugcina wabhala ama-quartets ezintambo ze-3, i-symphonic suite "Cockroach", umjikelezo wezwi ku-st. V. Shefner, 2 sonatas, cantata yamahlaya "Sakhuluma ngobuciko", umjikelezo wezwi "i-notebook yaseJalimane" ku-st. G. Heine. Lo mjikelezo wenziwa ku-Union of Composers, wamukelwa ngemfudumalo yizithameli, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi uye waba yingxenye ye-repertoire engapheli yabaculi abaningi.

U-Shostakovich wajwayelana nemisebenzi kaGavrilin futhi wameluleka ngokuqinile ukuba angenele esikoleni esiphakeme. Ngemva kokuphasa zonke izivivinyo zomnyango womqambi kanye nezivivinyo zokungena, uGavrilin waba umfundi oneziqu. Njengomsebenzi wokuthweswa iziqu, wethula umjikelezo wezwi "Russian Notebook". Futhi ekupheleni kuka-1965, phakathi nezinsuku eziyishumi zobuciko bomculo baseLeningrad eMoscow, lo msebenzi wenziwa okokuqala ngqa ekhonsathini yokugcina futhi waqhuma phezulu! Umqambi osemusha, ongaziwa wayebizwa ngokuthi "Yesenin yomculo", wancoma ithalenta lakhe; ngo-1967 waklonyeliswa uMklomelo Wombuso we-RSFSR. U-MI Glinka, uba ngumdlali omncane kunabo bonke kuleli othole le ndondo ephezulu.

Ngemva kwempumelelo enjalo yokunqoba nokuqashelwa, kwakunzima kakhulu kumqambi osemusha ukudala umsebenzi olandelayo wokufaneleka kobuciko obunjalo. Iminyaka eminingana, njengokungathi, uGavrilin “uya emthunzini.” Ubhala okuningi futhi njalo: lena umculo amafilimu, ukusebenza yaseshashalazini, suites ezincane orchestral, izingcezu upiyano. Abangane nozakwabo abakhulu bakhala ngokuthi akawubhali umculo omkhulu futhi ngokuvamile uqamba kancane. Futhi manje i-1972 iletha imisebenzi emikhulu engu-3 ngesikhathi esisodwa: i-opera ethi The Tale of the Violinist Vanyusha (esekelwe ezindabeni zikaG. Uspensky), i-Notebook yesibili yesiJalimane e-st. G. Heine kanye nenkondlo yezwi-symphonic e-st. A. Shulgina "Izincwadi Zezempi". Ngemva konyaka, umjikelezo wezwi othi "Kusihlwa" wavela nesihlokwana esithi "Kusuka Ku-albhamu Yowesifazane Omdala", "Incwajana YaseJalimane yesithathu", bese kuba umjikelezo wezwi-symphonic othi "Earth" ku-st. A. Shulgina.

Kuzo zonke lezi zincwadi, uGavrilin usebenzisa inkolelo yakhe yokudala: "Ukukhuluma nesilaleli ngolimi aluqondayo kuye." Unqoba kwalasha osukhona manje phakathi komculo we-pop, umculo wansuku zonke nomculo ojulile wezemfundo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Gavrilin idala izingoma ze-pop zezinga eliphezulu lobuciko kangangokuthi ikamelo ngisho nabaculi be-opera bazenza ngokuzithandela. ("Amahhashi agijima ebusuku" eyenziwa ngu-I. Bogacheva). Mayelana nengoma ethi "Abazalwane Ababili", inkosi evelele uG. Sviridov ubhalela umbhali: "Into emangalisayo! Ngizwe okwesibili ngikhale. Yeka ubuhle, ukuthi lisha kangakanani ifomu, lingokwemvelo kangakanani. Yeka izinguquko ezimangalisayo: emculweni usuka endikimbeni uye endikimbeni, usuka evesini uye evesini. Iwumsebenzi wobuciko wobuciko. Ngikholwe!" Ama-classics alolu hlobo kwakuyizingoma ezithi "Uthando luzohlala", "Ngithunge ingubo emhlophe, umama" ezivela ku-movie ethi "Ngosuku Lomshado", "Joke" ekhangayo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uGavrilin udala imisebenzi yefomu elikhulu - ama-suites, izinkondlo, ama-cantatas esebenzisa amasu omculo wesimanje we-pop. Ekhuluma ngemisebenzi yakhe ngokuyinhloko kubantu abasha, umqambi akenzi lula izinhlobo "eziphezulu" zomculo we-classic, kodwa udala uhlobo olusha, isazi somculo u-A. Sohor esibiza ngokuthi "ingoma-symphonic".

Ithiyetha idlala indima enkulu empilweni yokudala kaValery Gavrilin. Wabhala umculo wezingoma ezingu-80 emadolobheni ahlukene ezwe. Umqambi ngokwakhe ubheka umsebenzi wezine kuphela ukuze uphumelele ngokuphelele: "Ngemva kokubulawa, ngiyabuza" eLeningrad Youth Theatre, "Ungahlukani nabathandekayo bakho" eLeningrad Theatre. Lenin Komsomol, Amasaka amathathu kakolweni ku-ABDT kuwo. M. Gorky, "Stepan Razin" enkundleni yemidlalo. E. Vakhtangov. Umsebenzi wokugcina waba umfutho ekudaleni omunye wemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu kaGavrilin - i-symphony yomculo we-choral "Chimes". (ngokusho kukaV. Shukshin), waklonyeliswa uMklomelo WoMbuso we-USSR. "Ama-Chimes" ahlanganiswe yizingoma ezimbili ezifanayo ngohlobo: "Umshado" (1978) kanye "noMalusi noMalusikazi" (ngokuka-V. Astafiev, 1983) kwabacula yedwa, ikhwaya nezinsimbi zomculo. Zonke izingoma ezi-3, kanye ne-oratorio "Skomorokhi" eyaqedwa ngo-1967 futhi yenziwa okokuqala ngo-1987 (esiteshini sika-V. Korostylev), yabhalwa ngohlobo oludalwe nguGavrilin. kuyasebenza. Ihlanganisa izici ze-oratorio, i-opera, i-ballet, i-symphony, umjikelezo wezwi, ukusebenza okuphawulekayo. Ngokuvamile, inkundla yaseshashalazini, umbukwane, ukhonkolo ongokomfanekiso Gavrilin umculo kucace kangangokuthi ngezinye izikhathi imijikelezo vocal yakhelwe enkundleni yomculo ( "Evening", "Izincwadi Military").

Okungalindelekile ngokuphelele kumqambi ngokwakhe kwaba impumelelo yakhe emangalisayo njengomqambi we-ballet. Umqondisi u-A. Belinsky ngezingcezu ezihlukene ze-orchestral nepiyano nguGavrilin, eyabhalwa eminyakeni engu-10-15 edlule, wabona, noma kunalokho wezwa, i-ballet esekelwe esakhiweni sendaba ka-A. Chekhov ethi "Anna on the Neck". UGavrilin ukhuluma ngalokhu ngaphandle kokuhleka: "Kuvela ukuthi, ngaphandle kokwazi, bengilokhu ngibhala umculo we-ballet isikhathi eside, ngisho nokusiza ukuhlanganisa izithombe zikaChekhov esiteji. Kodwa lokhu akumangazi kangako. UChekhov ungumbhali engimthandayo. Ukuba sengcupheni, ukungavikeleki, ukudla okukhethekile kwabalingiswa bakhe, inhlekelele yothando olungenambuyiselo, ukudabuka okumsulwa, okukhanyayo, inzondo yobunuku - bengifuna ukukhombisa konke lokhu emculweni. I-ballet ye-TV "Anyuta" ene-brilliant E. Maksimova no-V. Vasiliev yaba yimpumelelo yokunqoba ngempela, yawina imiklomelo yamazwe ngamazwe, yathengwa izinkampani zethelevishini ze-114 emhlabeni! Ngo-1986 i-Anuta yadlalwa e-Italy, eSan Carlo Theatre eNeapolitan, kwase kuthi eMoscow, eBolshoi Theatre ye-Union yase-USSR, kanye nasezinkundleni zemidlalo yaseshashalazini eRiga, Kazan naseChelyabinsk.

Ukuqhubeka kwenhlangano yokudala yamakhosi aphawulekayo kwakuyi-ballet ye-TV "House by the Road" esekelwe ku-A. Tvardovsky, ehlelwe ngu-V. Vasiliev. Ngo-1986, i-Leningrad Modern Ballet Theatre ngaphansi kokuqondisa kuka-B. Eifman yabonisa i-ballet uLieutenant Romashov esekelwe endabeni ka-A. Kuprin ethi The Duel. Kuyo yomibili imisebenzi, eyaba izenzakalo eziphawulekayo empilweni yethu yomculo, izici ezidabukisayo zomculo kaGavrilin zabonakaliswa ngokucacile. Ngo-March 1989, umqambi waqeda amaphuzu we-ballet "Umshado Balzaminov" ngemva A. Ostrovsky, osekuvele wathola incarnation yayo cinematic ifilimu entsha A. Belinsky.

Umhlangano ngamunye omusha nomsebenzi kaValery Gavrilin uba umcimbi empilweni yethu yamasiko. Umculo wakhe uhlale uletha umusa nokukhanya, umqambi ngokwakhe athi: "Kukhona ukukhanya futhi kuyohlale kukhona empilweni. Futhi kuyohlale kujabulisa ukuphumela obala, ukubona ukuthi likhulu futhi lihle kangakanani izwe laseRussia! Futhi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izwe lishintsha kanjani, kunobuhle, unembeza nethemba kukho.”

N. Salnis