Uzeir Hajibekov (Uzeyir Hajibeyov) |

Uzeyir Hajibeyov

“… UHajibeyov wanikela impilo yakhe yonke ekuthuthukiseni isiko lomculo lase-Azerbaijani Soviet. … Wabeka isisekelo sobuciko be-opera yase-Azerbaijani okokuqala ngqa eriphabhulikhi, wahlela kahle imfundo yomculo. Uphinde wenza umsebenzi omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni umculo wama-symphonic,” u-D. Shostakovich wabhala ngoGadzhibekov.

UGadzhibekov wazalelwa emndenini kamabhalane wasemaphandleni. Ngemva nje kokuzalwa kuka-Uzeyir, umkhaya wakubo wathuthela eShusha, idolobhana laseNagorno-Karabakh. Ubuntwana bomqambi wesikhathi esizayo buzungezwe abaculi nabaculi, lapho afunda khona ubuciko be-mugham. Umfana wayecula izingoma zesintu kamnandi, izwi lakhe laze laqoshwa ngegilamafoni.

Ngo-1899, Gadzhibekov wangena Gori uthisha seminari. Lapha wajoyina umhlaba, ngokuyinhloko isiRashiya, isiko, wajwayelana umculo classic. Esikoleni sabefundisi, umculo wanikezwa indawo ebalulekile. Bonke abafundi kwakudingeka bafunde ukudlala i-violin, bathole amakhono okucula ikwaya nokudlala ndawonye. Ukuziqopha izingoma zomdabu kwakhuthazwa. Encwadini yokubhalela yomculo kaGadzhibekov, inani labo lakhula unyaka nonyaka. Kamuva, lapho esebenza ku-opera yakhe yokuqala, wasebenzisa enye yalezi zingoma eziqoshiwe. Ngemva kokuphothula esikoleni sokufundela ubufundisi ngo-1904, uGadzhibekov wabelwa edolobhaneni laseHadrut futhi wasebenza njengothisha unyaka. Ngemva konyaka, wathuthela e-Baku, lapho aqhubeka khona nemisebenzi yakhe yokufundisa, ngesikhathi esifanayo ethanda ubuntatheli. Izihloko zakhe ze-feuilletons nezihloko zivela komagazini abaningi namaphephandaba. Ambalwa amahora okuphumula anikelwe ekuzifundiseni ngomculo. Impumelelo yayibaluleke kakhulu kangangokuthi uGadzhibekov wayenombono onesibindi - ukudala umsebenzi wokusebenza ozobe usekelwe kubuciko be-mugham. NgoJanuwari 25, 1908 usuku lokuzalwa lwe-opera kazwelonke yokuqala. Isakhiwo sayo kwakuyinkondlo kaFizuli ethi “Leyli and Majnun”. Umqambi osemusha wasebenzisa kakhulu izingxenye ze-mugham ku-opera. Ngosizo lwabangane bakhe, abathanda ngokufanayo ubuciko bakhe bomdabu, uGadzhibekov wenza i-opera e-Baku. Kamuva, umqambi wakhumbula: "Ngaleso sikhathi, mina, umbhali we-opera, ngangazi kuphela izisekelo ze-solfeggio, kodwa ngangingazi lutho mayelana nokuvumelana, i-counterpoint, izinhlobo zomculo ... Noma kunjalo, impumelelo kaLeyli noMajnun yayinkulu. Kuchazwa, ngokubona kwami, ukuthi abantu base-Azerbaijani base belindele ukuthi i-opera yabo yase-Azerbaijani izovela esiteji, futhi "uLeyli noMajnun" bahlanganisa umculo wesintu ngempela kanye nesakhiwo esidumile sakudala.

Impumelelo ka "Leyli and Majnun" ikhuthaza u-Uzeyir Hajibeyov ukuthi aqhubeke nomsebenzi wakhe ngamandla. Eminyakeni engu-5 eyalandela, wakha amahlaya omculo we-3: "Umyeni Nomfazi" (1909), "Uma kungenjalo, khona-ke lena" (1910), "Arshin Mal Alan" (1913) kanye nama-opera angu-4 mugham: "Sheikh Senan” (1909) , “Rustam and Zohrab” (1910), “Shah Abbas and Khurshidbanu” (1912), “Asli and Kerem” (1912). Njengoba kakade umbhali wemisebenzi eminingana edumile phakathi kwabantu, uGadzhibekov ufuna ukugcwalisa imithwalo yakhe yobungcweti: ngo-1910-12. wenza izifundo zangasese eMoscow Philharmonic Society, futhi ngo-1914 eSt. Petersburg Conservatory. Ngo-Okthoba 25, 1913, i-Premiere ye-comedy yomculo "Arshin Mal Alan" yenzeka. UGadzhibekov wenza lapha kokubili njengombhali wemidlalo nanjengomqambi. Wakha umsebenzi wasesiteji ohlabayo, ocwebezelayo ngobuhlakani futhi ogcwele ukwenama. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umsebenzi wakhe awunawo usizi emphakathini, ugcwele ukubhikisha ngokumelene namasiko aphikisayo ezwe, ehlisa isithunzi somuntu. Ku-"Arshin Mal Alan" umqambi uvela njengengcweti evuthiwe: isihloko sisekelwe ezicini ze-modal nesigqi zomculo wesintu wase-Azerbaijani, kodwa akukho culo elilodwa elibolekwa ngokoqobo. "I-Arshin Mal Alan" iyingcweti yangempela. I-operetta yazungeza umhlaba ngempumelelo. Yadlalwa eMoscow, Paris, New York, London, Cairo nakwezinye.

Uzeyir Hajibeyov waqeda umsebenzi wakhe wokugcina wesiteji - i-opera "Kor-ogly" ngo-1937. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-opera yahlelwa e-Baku, ngokuhlanganyela kwe-Bul-Bul edumile endimeni yesihloko. Ngemva komdlalo wokuqala wokunqoba, umqambi wabhala: “Ngizibekele umsebenzi wokwenza i-opera esesimweni sezwe lonke, ngisebenzisa impumelelo yesiko lomculo lesimanje... I-Kyor-ogly i-ashug, futhi iculwa ngama-ashugs, ngakho isitayela i-ashugs isitayela esikhona ku-opera… Ku-“Ker-ogly” kukhona zonke izici zesici somsebenzi we-opera - ama-arias, ama-duets, ama-ensemble, ama-recitative, kodwa konke lokhu kwakhiwe phezu kwesisekelo sezindlela lapho umlando womculo yase-Azerbaijan yakhiwe. Mukhulu umnikelo ka-Uzeyir Gadzhibekov ekuthuthukiseni inkundla yomculo kazwelonke. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo wadala imisebenzi eminingi kwezinye izinhlobo, ikakhulukazi, wayengumqalisi wohlobo olusha - i-romance-gazelle; ezinjengalezi “Sensiz” (“Ngaphandle kwakho”) kanye “Sevgili janan” (“Othandekayo”). Izingoma zakhe ezithi "Call", "Dade of Mercy" zajabulela ukuthandwa okukhulu phakathi neMpi Enkulu Yezwe.

Uzeyir Hajibeyov akayena nje umqambi, kodwa futhi isibalo esikhulu kunazo zonke zomculo nomphakathi e-Azerbaijan. Ngo-1931, wadala i-orchestra yokuqala yezinsimbi zomculo, futhi ngemva kweminyaka engu-5, iqembu lokuqala lama-choral lase-Azerbaijani. Linganisa iqhaza likaGadzhibekov ekwakhiweni kwabasebenzi bomculo kazwelonke. Ngo-1922 wahlela isikole sokuqala somculo sase-Azerbaijani. Kamuva, wahola isikole sobuchwepheshe bomculo, wabe eseba inhloko ye-Baku Conservatory. U-Hajibeyov ufingqe imiphumela yezifundo zakhe zezinganekwane zomculo kazwelonke ocwaningweni olukhulu lwethiyori "Izisekelo Zomculo Wesintu Wase-Azerbaijani" (1945). Igama lika-U. Gadzhibekov lizungezwe e-Azerbaijan ngothando nodumo lwesizwe. Ngo-1959, ezweni lakubo lomqambi eShusha, i-House-Museum yakhe yavulwa, futhi ngo-1975, ukuvulwa kweNdlu-Museum yaseGadzhibekov kwenzeka eBaku.

N. Alekperova