Edward William Elgar |

Edward Elgar

Elgar. Ikhonsathi ye-Violin. I-Allegro (Jascha Heifetz)

U-Elgar… usemculweni wesiNgisi lokho u-Beethoven ayiko emculweni wesiJalimane. B. Shaw

E. Elgar - umqambi omkhulu wesiNgisi wasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XIX-XX. Ukwakheka nokuchuma kwemisebenzi yakhe kuxhumene kakhulu nesikhathi samandla aphezulu kwezomnotho nezepolitiki eNgilandi ngesikhathi sokubusa kweNdlovukazi uVictoria. Impumelelo yezobuchwepheshe nesayensi yesiko lamaNgisi kanye nenkululeko yonxiwankulu-yentando yeningi eqinisiwe yaba nomthelela omuhle ekuthuthukisweni kwezincwadi nezobuciko. Kodwa uma isikole sikazwelonke sokufunda ngaleso sikhathi sibeka phambili izibalo ezivelele zika-C. Dickens, W. Thackeray, T. Hardy, O. Wilde, B. Shaw, khona-ke umculo wawusanda kuqala ukuvuseleleka ngemva kokuthula cishe kwamakhulu amabili eminyaka. Phakathi kwesizukulwane sokuqala sabaqambi be-Renaissance yamaNgisi, indima evelele kakhulu eka-Elgar, umsebenzi wakhe ubonisa ngokusobala ithemba nokuqina kwenkathi yama-Victorian. Kulokhu usondelene no-R. Kipling.

Izwe lakubo ka-Elgar yisifundazwe samaNgisi, okuyindawo eseduze nedolobha laseWorcester, elingekude neBirmingham. Ngemva kokuthola izifundo zakhe zokuqala zomculo kuyise, i-ogani kanye nomnikazi wesitolo somculo, u-Elgar wathuthuka ngokuzimela, efunda izisekelo zomsebenzi ekusebenzeni. Ngo-1882 kuphela lapho umqambi waphumelela khona izivivinyo eRoyal Academy of Music eLondon ekilasini levayolini nasezifundweni zethiyori yomculo. Kakade ebuntwaneni, wakwazi ukudlala izinsimbi eziningi - i-violin, upiyano, ngo-1885 wathatha indawo kayise njengomculi wesonto. Isifundazwe saseNgilandi ngaleso sikhathi sasiwumgcini othembekile womculo kazwelonke futhi, okokuqala, amasiko amakhwaya. Inethiwekhi enkulu yemibuthano eyimfundamakhwela namakilabhu igcine lawa masiko ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu. Ngo-1873, u-Elgar waqala umsebenzi wakhe wobungcweti njengomdlali wevayolini e-Worcester Glee Club (umphakathi wamakwaya), futhi kusukela ngo-1882 wasebenza edolobheni lakubo njengomphelezeli kanye nombhidisi we-orchestra eyimfundamakhwela. Phakathi nale minyaka, umqambi waqamba inqwaba yomculo wamakhwaya wamaqembu ayizimfundamakhwela, izingcezu zepiyano nama-chamber ensembles, wafunda umsebenzi wama-classics kanye nabaphila ngaleso sikhathi, futhi wenza njengomdlali wopiyano kanye nomdlali wezinsimbi. Kusukela ekupheleni kwawo-80s. futhi kuze kube ngu-1929, u-Elgar uhlala emadolobheni ahlukene, kuhlanganise neLondon neBirmingham (lapho efundisa khona enyuvesi iminyaka engu-3), futhi uqedela impilo yakhe ezweni lakubo - eWorcester.

Ukubaluleka kuka-Elgar emlandweni womculo wesiNgisi kunqunywa ngokuyinhloko izingoma ezimbili: i-oratorio Iphupho likaGerontius (1900, ku-st. J. Newman) kanye ne-symphonic Variations on an Enigmatic Theme (Enigma Variations {Enigma (lat. ) - imfumbe. }, 1899), okwaba yizindawo eziphakeme zokuthandana komculo wesiNgisi. I-oratorio ethi "Iphupho likaGerontius" ayifingqa nje kuphela ukuthuthukiswa okude kwezinhlobo ze-cantata-oratorio emsebenzini ka-Elgar ngokwakhe (ama-oratorio angu-4, ama-cantatas angu-4, ama-odes angu-2), kodwa ngezindlela eziningi yonke indlela yomculo wamakhwaya wesiNgisi owandulele. yona. Esinye isici esibalulekile seRenaissance kazwelonke saphinde sabonakala ku-oratorio - isithakazelo kumlando wezinganekwane. Akukhona nje ukuqondana ukuthi, ngemva kokulalela “Iphupho LikaGerontius”, uR. Strauss wamemezela isinkwa se-toast “ekuchumeni nasekuphumeleleni kuka-Edward Elgar wokuqala oyiNgisi othuthukayo, umpetha wesikole esisha esithuthukayo sabaqambi besiNgisi.” Ngokungafani ne-Enigma oratorio, ukuhlukahluka kwabeka itshe lesisekelo se-symphonism kazwelonke, ngaphambi kokuthi u-Elgar abe yindawo esengozini kakhulu yesiko lomculo lamaNgisi. “Ukwehluka okuyimpicabadala kufakazela ukuthi kumuntu ka-Elgar izwe liye lathola umqambi we-orchestra wobukhulu bokuqala,” kubhala omunye wabacwaningi abangamaNgisi. “Imfihlakalo” yokuhlukahluka ukuthi amagama abangani bomqambi abethelwe kuwo, futhi itimu yomculo yomjikelezo nayo ifihliwe ukuthi ingabonwa. (Konke lokhu kukhumbuza "ama-Sphinxes" avela ku-"Carnival" ka-R. Schumann.) U-Elgar futhi ungumnikazi we-symphony yokuqala yesiNgisi (1908).

Phakathi kweminye imisebenzi eminingi ye-orchestra yomqambi (ama-overtures, ama-suites, amakhonsathi, njll.), i-Violin Concerto (1910) ivelele - enye yezingoma ezidume kakhulu zalolu hlobo.

Umsebenzi ka-Elgar ungenye yezinto ezivelele zothando lomculo. Ihlanganisa izwe neNtshonalanga Yurophu, ikakhulukazi amathonya e-Austro-German, ithwala izici zezinkomba ze-lyrical-psychological and epic. Umqambi usebenzisa kakhulu uhlelo lwe-leitmotifs, lapho ithonya lika-R. Wagner no-R. Strauss lizwakala ngokucacile.

Umculo ka-Elgar uyathandeka ngokuzwakalayo, unemibalabala, unesici esigqamile, emisebenzini ye-symphonic uheha ikhono le-orchestra, ubuqili bokushaywa kwezinsimbi, ukubonakaliswa kokucabanga kwezothando. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XX. U-Elgar waphakama waba udumo eYurophu.

Phakathi kwabaculi bezingoma zakhe kwakukhona abaculi abavelele - umqhubi u-H. Richter, abadlali be-violin F. Kreisler kanye no-I. Menuhin. Ngokuvamile ekhuluma kwelinye izwe, umqambi wayema ​​endaweni yomqhubi. E-Russia, imisebenzi ka-Elgar yavunyelwa ngu-N. Rimsky-Korsakov no-A. Glazunov.

Ngemva kokudalwa kwe-Violin Concerto, umsebenzi womqambi wehla kancane kancane, kuphela eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe umsebenzi wakhe wavuselela. Ubhala inqwaba yezingoma zezinsimbi zomoya, udwebe i-Third Symphony, i-Piano Concerto, i-opera ethi The Spanish Lady. U-Elgar wasinda enkazimulweni yakhe, ekupheleni kwempilo yakhe igama lakhe laba yinganekwane, uphawu oluphilayo nokuziqhenya ngesiko lomculo lamaNgisi.

G. Zhdanova