Valentin Vasilievich Silvestrov (Valentin Silvestrov) |

UValentin Silvestrov

Yingoma kuphela eyenza umculo ungapheli...

Cishe kungase kubonakale sengathi esikhathini sethu la magama ayeyoba ovamile kumbhali wengoma. Kodwa ashiwo umculi ogama lakhe sekuyisikhathi eside libizwa ngokuthi i-avant-gardist (ngomqondo ohlambalazayo), umguquli, umbhubhisi. V. Silvestrov usekhonze uMculo iminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-30 futhi, mhlawumbe, elandela imbongi enkulu, wayengathi: “UNkulunkulu akanginikanga isipho sobumpumputhe!” (M. Tsvetaeva). Ngokuba yonke indlela yakhe - empilweni nasekwakhiweni - isendleleni eqondile ekuqondeni iqiniso. Ngaphandle kwe-ascetic, ebonakala ivaliwe, ngisho nokungahlalisani, uSylvestrov empeleni uzama ukuzwakala futhi aqondwe endalweni yakhe ngayinye. Uzwile - ekufuneni impendulo yemibuzo yaphakade yokuba khona, ngomzamo wokungena ezimfihlo zeCosmos (njengendawo yokuhlala yomuntu) nomuntu (njengomphathi weCosmos ngokwakhe).

Indlela ka-V. Silvestrov emculweni ayilula, futhi ngezinye izikhathi iyamangalisa. Waqala ukufunda umculo eneminyaka engu-15. Ngo-1956 waba umfundi e-Kyiv Civil Engineering Institute, futhi ngo-1958 wangena eKyiv Conservatory ekilasini lika-B. Lyatoshinsky.

Kakade kule minyaka, ukuqonda okungaguquki kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezitayela, amasu okuqamba, ukwakheka kwakhe, okwathi kamuva kwaba ukubhala ngesandla okubonakala ngokuphelele, kwaqala. Kakade ekuqanjweni kokuqala, cishe zonke izici zobuntu bomqambi kaSilvestrov zinqunywa, ngokusho ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe uzothuthukiswa kanjani.

Ukuqala kuwuhlobo lwe-neoclassicism, lapho into esemqoka akuyona amafomula kanye nesitayela, kodwa uzwela, ukuqonda ubumsulwa, ukukhanya, ingokomoya ukuthi umculo we-baroque ephezulu, i-classicism kanye ne-romanticism yokuqala ithwala ngokwayo ("Sonatina", "Classical". I-Sonata” yopiyano, kamuva “Umculo ngesitayela esidala “, njll.). Ukunaka okukhulu ekuqanjweni kwakhe kwasekuqaleni kukhokhwe ezindleleni ezintsha zobuchwepheshe (i-dodecaphony, i-aleatoric, i-pointillism, i-sonoristics), ukusetshenziswa kwamasu okusebenza angajwayelekile ezinsimbini zendabuko, nokuqoshwa kwezithombe zesimanje. Izimpawu zendawo zifaka i-Triad yepiyano (1962), Mystery for alto flute and percussion (1964), Monody for upiyano ne-orchestra (1965), Symphony No. 1966 (Eschatophony – 1971), IDrama yeviolin, i-cello nepiyano nokwenzekayo, ukuthinta (60). Akukho kulezi kanye neminye imisebenzi ebhalwe ngeminyaka yama-70s kanye nasekuqaleni kweye-2s iyindlela yokuphela kwayo. Kuyindlela kuphela yokudala izithombe ezijabulisayo, eziveza ngokucacile. Akumangalisi ukuthi emisebenzini ye-avant-garde kakhulu ngokombono wezobuchwepheshe, izingoma eziqotho kakhulu nazo ziyaqokonyiswa (ethambile, "ebuthakathaka", ngamazwi omqambi ngokwakhe, umculo ngokusebenzisa izingxenye eziyi-XNUMX ze-serial. I-Symphony Yokuqala), kanye nemiqondo ejulile yefilosofi iyazalwa ezoholela ekubonakalisweni okuphezulu koMoya ku-Symphonies yesine neyesihlanu. Kulapho kuvela khona esinye sezici eziyinhloko zesitayela somsebenzi kaSilvestrov - ukuzindla.

Ukuqala kwesitayela esisha - "simple, melodic" - kungabizwa ngokuthi "Ukuzindla" kwe-cello ne-orchestra yekamelo (1972). Kusukela lapha kuqala ukucabanga njalo mayelana nesikhathi, mayelana nobuntu, mayelana neCosmos. Bakhona cishe kuzo zonke izingoma ezalandela zikaSilvestrov (eyesine (1976) kanye neyesihlanu (1982) yama-symphonies, “Izingoma Ezithule” (1977), iCantata yekwaya i-cappella esiteshini uT. Shevchenko (1976), “Forest Music” esiteshini. G. Aigi (1978), “Izingoma Ezilula” (1981), Izingoma ezine esiteshini sika-O. Mandelstam). Ukulalela isikhathi eside ukunyakaza kwesikhathi, ukunaka imininingwane emincane kakhulu, ekhula njalo, njengokungathi iwela omunye komunye, yakha i-macroform, ithatha umculo ngaphezu komsindo, iwuguqule ube yinto eyodwa ye-spatio-temporal. I-Endless cadence ingenye yezindlela zokudala umculo "olindile", lapho ukushuba okukhulu kwangaphakathi kufihlwe ku-static yangaphandle eyisidina, engaguquki. Ngalo mqondo, i-Fifth Symphony ingafaniswa nemisebenzi ka-Andrei Tarkovsky, lapho isibhamu sangaphandle esimile sidala amandla amakhulu angaphakathi, avuse umoya womuntu. Njengamakhasethi kaTarkovsky, umculo kaSylvestrov uqondiswe kwabaphezulu besintu, uma nge-elitism umuntu eqonda ngempela okuhle kakhulu kumuntu - ikhono lokuzwa ngokujulile nokuphendula ubuhlungu nokuhlupheka komuntu nobuntu.

I-spectrum yohlobo lomsebenzi kaSilvestrov ibanzi impela. Uhlala ekhangwa igama elithi, izinkondlo eziphakeme kakhulu, ezidinga ukuqonda okuhle kakhulu kwenhliziyo ngokuzijabulisa kwayo komculo okwanele: A. Pushkin, M. Lermontov, F. Tyutchev, T. Shevchenko, E. Baratynsky, P. Shelley, J. Keats, O. Mandelstam. Kwakusezinhlotsheni zezwi lapho isipho sikaSylvestrov umculi womculo sazibonakalisa ngamandla amakhulu.

Umsebenzi ongalindelekile kakhulu uthatha indawo ekhethekile emsebenzini womqambi, lapho, nokho, i-credo yakhe yokudala ibonakala igxile. Lona "Umculo Wekhishi" wepiyano (1977). Esichasiselweni, umbhali uchaza incazelo yegama njengento “ebuthakathaka, elahliwe, engaphumeleli” (okungukuthi, eduze nencazelo yesichazamazwi yalo mqondo). Kodwa ngokushesha uyayiphikisa le ncazelo, eyinikeza ngisho nencazelo engathandeki: _Dlala ngezwi elithambile kakhulu, eliseduze, njengokungathi uthinta kancane inkumbulo yomlaleli, ukuze umculo uzwakale ngaphakathi kokwazi, njengokungathi inkumbulo yomlaleli ngokwayo icula lo mculo_. Futhi imihlaba kaSchumann noChopin, Brahms kanye noMahler, izakhamuzi ezingafi zeSikhathi, uValentin Silvestrov azizwa ngokuzimisela, zibuyela enkumbulo ngempela.

Isikhathi sihlakaniphile. Ngokushesha noma kamuva, libuyisela kuwo wonke umuntu lokho okubafanele. Kwakukhona izinto eziningi empilweni kaSilvestrov: ukungaqondi kahle kwezibalo "eziseduze namasiko", nokunganakwa ngokuphelele kwezindlu zokushicilela, ngisho nokuxoshwa ku-Union of Composers yase-USSR. Kodwa kwakukhona enye into - ukuhlonishwa kwabadlali nabalaleli ezweni lakithi naphesheya. USilvestrov - owawina uMklomelo. S. Koussevitzky (USA, 1967) kanye Nomncintiswano Wamazwe Ngamazwe Wababhali Abancane "Gaudeamus" (Netherlands, 1970). Ukungayekethisi, ukwethembeka okucacile, ubuqotho nobumsulwa, kwande ngethalente eliphezulu nesiko elikhulu langaphakathi - konke lokhu kunikeza isizathu sokulindela indalo ebalulekile nehlakaniphile esikhathini esizayo.

S. Filstein