I-Didgeridoo: incazelo yensimbi, ukwakheka, umsindo, umsuka, ukusetshenziswa

Izwekazi lase-Australia, eligcwele inqwaba yezimfihlakalo, belilokhu liheha inqwaba yabashayi bemvelo, abahambi bayo yonke imithende, abahloli bamazwe nososayensi. Kancane kancane, i-Australia engaqondakali yahlukana nezimfihlo zayo, ishiya kuphela okusondelene kakhulu ngaphezu kokuqonda komuntu wanamuhla. Izenzakalo ezingachazwanga kangako zifaka phakathi abantu bomdabu bezwekazi eliluhlaza. Ifa lamasiko lalaba bantu abamangalisayo, elivezwe emikhosini ekhethekile, amasiko, izinto zasendlini, lilondolozwe ngokucophelela yisizukulwane ngasinye. Ngakho-ke, akumangalisi ukuthi imisindo ezwakala ku-didgeridoo, insimbi yomculo evamile yabantu bomdabu, ifana ncamashi neyaminyaka engu-2000 edlule.

Iyini i-didgeridoo

I-didgeridoo iyinsimbi yomculo, uhlobo lwecilongo lasendulo. Idivaysi yokukhipha imisindo ingabonakala njenge-embouchure, njengoba inokuthile okufana nokomlomo.

Igama elithi "didgeridoo" lanikezwa ithuluzi, lisakazeka kulo lonke elaseYurophu naseZweni Elisha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, leli gama lingazwakala kubameleli bezilimi ezimbili bomdabu. Phakathi kwabomdabu, leli thuluzi libizwa ngokuhlukile. Isibonelo, abantu baseYolngu babiza leli cilongo ngokuthi "idaki", futhi phakathi kwesizwe seNailnail, insimbi yomculo wezinkuni ibizwa ngokuthi "ngaribi".

Idivayisi yethuluzi

Indlela yendabuko yokwenza icilongo le-didgeridoo inohlamvu lwesizini oluphinyisiwe. Iqiniso liwukuthi umuhlwa noma, njengoba ubizwa kanjalo, izintuthwane ezinkulu ezimhlophe zibamba iqhaza elikhulu kule nqubo. Phakathi nenkathi yesomiso, izinambuzane ezifuna umswakama zidla umongo onamanzi wesiqu sikagamthilini. Osekusele ukuba abomdabu bakwenze ukugawula isihlahla esifile, basikhulule emagxolweni, banyakazise uthuli, bafake umlomo wezinyosi noma zobumba bese bewuhlobisa ngemihlobiso yakudala - ama-totems esizwe.

Ubude bethuluzi buhluka kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-3 m. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abomdabu basasebenzisa ucelemba, imbazo yetshe nenduku ende njengamathuluzi okusebenza.

Izwakala kanjani i-didgeridoo nokuthi idlalwa kanjani

Umsindo okhishwa i-didgeridoo usukela ku-70-75 kuya ku-100 Hz. Eqinisweni, iwumbhobho oqhubekayo oshintshashintsha ube imisindo ehlukahlukene enemiphumela eyinkimbinkimbi yesigqi esezandleni zomdabu noma umculi onekhono.

Kumculi ongenalwazi noma oqalayo, ukukhipha umsindo ku-didgeridoo kuwumsebenzi cishe ongenakwenzeka. Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukuqhathanisa umlomo wombhobho, ongaba ngaphezu kuka-4 cm ububanzi, nezindebe zomculi ngendlela yokuthi lo wokugcina udlidlize ngokuqhubekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukwazi indlela ekhethekile yokuphefumula okuqhubekayo, ngoba ukuyeka ugqozi kuhlanganisa nokuyeka umsindo. Ukuze ahlukanise umsindo, umdlali akufanele asebenzise izindebe kuphela, kodwa futhi nolimi, izihlathi, imisipha ye-laryngeal kanye ne-diaphragm.

Uma uthi nhlá, umsindo we-didgeridoo awuzwakali futhi awuzwakali. Akunjalo neze. Umshini womculo ovunguzayo ungathonya umuntu ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene: ukucwila emicabangweni edabukisayo, ethusayo, engenisa esimweni sokudangala, ngakolunye uhlangothi, nokudanga imizwa yokulula, injabulo nokuzijabulisa okungenamkhawulo, ngakolunye.

Umlando womsuka wethuluzi

Kuyaziwa ukuthi insimbi efana ne-didgeridoo yayikhona eZwekazini Eliluhlaza kudala ngaphambi kokuba kuvele umLungu wokuqala lapho. Lokhu kufakazelwa ngokucacile imidwebo yamadwala etholwe ngesikhathi sohambo lwemivubukulo. Owokuqala owachaza ipayipi lomkhuba kwakuyisazi se-ethnographer okuthiwa uWilson. Kumanothi akhe, ango-1835, uchaza ukuthi washaqeka ngokoqobo lapho ezwa umsindo wensimbi eyinqaba eyenziwe ngesiqu somuthi.

Okuningiliziwe kakhulu ukuchazwa kwe-didgeridoo njengengxenye yocwaningo lwe-dissertation olwenziwa isithunywa sevangeli saseNgilandi u-Adolphus Peter Elkin ngo-1922. Akazange nje achaze ngokuningiliziwe umshini wensimbi, indlela yokwakhiwa kwawo, kodwa futhi wazama ukudlulisa. umthelela ongokomzwelo womthelela kubo bobabili abantu bomdabu base-Australia ngokwabo kanye nakunoma ubani owawela endaweni yomsindo wayo.

Cishe ngaso leso sikhathi, umsindo wokuqala oqoshiwe we-didgeridoo wenziwa. Lokhu kwenziwa nguSir Baldwin Spencer ngegilamafoni namasilinda we-wax.

Izinhlobo ze-didgeridoo

Ipayipi lakudala lase-Australia lenziwe ngokhuni lukagamthilini, futhi lingaba ngesimo sesilinda noma umzila onwebekayo ubheke phansi. I-cylindrical didgeridoo ikhiqiza umsindo ophansi futhi ojulile, kuyilapho inguqulo yesibili yecilongo izwakala ngokucashile futhi ihlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobonhlobo zemishini yomoya zaqala ukuvela ngedolo elinyakazayo, elikuvumela ukuthi ushintshe ithoni. Ibizwa ngokuthi i-didgeribon noma i-slide didgeridoo.

Amakhosi anamuhla asebenza ngokukhethekile ekwakhiweni kwezinsimbi zomoya zobuhlanga, azivumele ukuba azihlole, akhethe izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezinkuni - i-beech, umlotha, i-oki, i-hornbeam, njll. Lezi didgeridoos zibiza kakhulu, ngoba izici zabo ze-acoustic ziphakeme kakhulu. Ngokuvamile zisetshenziswa abaculi abaqeqeshiwe. Abaqalayo noma abantu abanomdlandla bayakwazi ukuzakhela ithuluzi elingavamile kusuka epayipi elivamile lepulasitiki elivela esitolo se-hardware.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-didgeridoo

Iqophelo eliphezulu lokuduma kwensimbi ezwenikazi laseYurophu nase-USA lafika ngeminyaka yama-70-80s, lapho kwakukhona ukwanda kwesiko lamakilabhu. O-DJ baqale ukusebenzisa ipayipi lase-Australia ngenkuthalo ekuqanjweni kwabo ukuze banikeze amasethi abo omculo ukunambitheka kobuhlanga. Kancane kancane, abaculi abangochwepheshe baqala ukubonisa isithakazelo emshinini womculo waboMdabu base-Australia.

Namuhla, abaculi abenza kahle kakhulu umculo wasendulo abanqikazi ukufaka i-didgeridoo eqenjini le-orchestra kanye nezinye izinsimbi ezifuthwayo. Ngokuhambisana nomsindo wendabuko wezinsimbi zaseYurophu, umsindo othize wecilongo unikeza imisebenzi yomculo ejwayelekile ukufunda okusha, okungalindelekile.

Izazi ze-Ethnographer azikwazanga ukunikeza incazelo ethembeke kakhudlwana noma engaphansi yokuthi aboMdabu bavelaphi e-Australia, kungani ukubukeka nendlela yokuphila kuhluke kakhulu kubantu abafanayo kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba. Kodwa into eyodwa eqinisekile: ifa lamasiko lalaba bantu basendulo, abanikeza umhlaba i-didgeridoo, liyingxenye ebalulekile yezinhlobonhlobo zempucuko yabantu.