Izinhlobo ezine zama-triad kanye nokuguqulwa kwazo

Unxantathu emculweni iyichord eyakhiwe imisindo emithathu, ehlelwe ngokwesithathu. Ukuze uthole i-triad, udinga ukuxhuma izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu kuphela, kodwa njengoba isikhawu sesithathu singaba sikhulu noma sincane, izinhlanganisela zalezi zintathu zingahluka, futhi, ngokufanele, kuye ngokwakhiwa, izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-triad. zingahlukaniswa.

Sekukonke, izinhlobo ezine zonxantathu zisetshenziswa: ezinkulu (noma ezinkulu), ezincane (noma ezincane), zanda futhi zehla. Wonke ama-triad aboniswa izinombolo ezimbili - u-5 no-3, odlulisela ingqikithi yesakhiwo se-chord (i-triad yakhiwa ngokungeza izikhawu zesihlanu nesesithathu esisekelweni).

Unxantathu omkhulu

Unxantathu omkhulu usekelwe engxenyeni enkulu yesithathu, lapho ingane yakhelwa phezu kwayo. Ngakho-ke, ukwakheka kwesikhawu salo mthathu kuyingxenye enkulu yesithathu + ingxenye yesithathu encane. Ukuze uqoke unxantathu omkhulu (noma ngenye indlela omkhulu), kusetshenziswa uhlamvu olukhulu B, igama eliphelele lithi B53.

Isibonelo, uma sifuna ukwakha unxantathu omkhulu ukusuka ku-“do”, sizobe siqala ngokubeka eceleni ingxenye enkulu yesithathu ethi “do-mi” kule nothi, bese sengeza encane ukusuka ku-“mi” – “mi-sol” kuqhubeke. phezulu. Unxantathu uqhamuke emisindweni ethi DO, MI kanye neSALT.

Noma, uma sakha i-triad enjalo kusuka ku-"re", okokuqala sibhala ingxenye yesithathu enkulu "re f-sharp", bese sinamathisela encane "f-sharp" - "f-sharp la". Ngakho, unxantathu omkhulu osuka ku-“re” umsindo othi RE, F-SHARP no-LA.

IZIVIVINYO: yakha ngomlomo noma ngokubhala, noma dlala ensimbini yakho ama-triad amakhulu avela kweminye imisindo engadlalwa kokhiye abamhlophe bepiyano, okungukuthi, kusukela ku-MI, FA, SOL, LA, SI.

Ama-triad amakhulu avame kakhulu emculweni - emiculweni yezingoma noma izinsimbi zezinsimbi, kanye nokuphelezelwa kwepiyano noma isiginci, noma kuzikolo ze-orchestra.

Isibonelo esicacile sokusetshenziswa kwe-triad enkulu emculweni wengoma ejwayelekile kuwo wonke umuntu "Ingoma mayelana noKaputeni" ka-Isaac Dunayevsky evela kufilimu ethi "Izingane zikaCaptain Grant". Khumbula ikhorasi edumile enamagama athi: "Kapteni, ukapteni, mamatheka ..."? Ngakho-ke, enhliziyweni yomculo wakhe ukunyakaza kahle kwemisindo ye-triad enkulu:

Unxantathu omncane

Enhliziyweni ye-triad encane ilele, ngokulandelanayo, ingxenye yesithathu encane, futhi enkulu isivele yakhiwe phezu kwayo. Ngakho-ke, ukwakheka kwayo kwesikhawu kuzoba kanje: ingxenye yesithathu encane + enkulu yesithathu. Ukuqoka unxantathu onjalo, kusetshenziswa uhlamvu olukhulu M, futhi, njengenjwayelo, izinombolo 5 no-3 - M53.

Uma wakha i-triad encane ukusuka ku-"kuya", kuqala ubeke eceleni "ku-E-flat" - ingxenye yesithathu encane, bese wengeza enkulu ku-"E-flat" - "E-flat G". Ngenxa yalokho, sithola ukucula emisindweni ethi DO, MI-FLAT kanye neSOL.

Esinye isibonelo - ake sakhe unxantathu omncane kusuka ku-"re". Ingxenye yesithathu encane evela ku-“re” ithi “re-fa”, kanye nengxenye enkulu yesithathu evela ku-“fa” ithi “fa-la”. Ngakho-ke yonke imisindo kanxantathu oyifunayo, ithi RE, FA kanye ne-LA.

IZIVIVINYO: yakha onxantathu abancane kusukela kumisindo ethi MI, FA, SOL, LA kanye ne-SI.

I-triad encane ibuye isetshenziswe kakhulu emculweni ezinhlobonhlobo zezingoma, ngezinye izikhathi izingoma ziqala ngomsindo wayo. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, ingoma yengoma edume kakhulu ngesikhathi sayo, ingoma "Ubusuku baseMoscow" ngumqambi uVasily Solovyov-Sedoy. Ekuqaleni, kumagama athi "Akuzwakalanga engadini ...", ingoma imane idlule imisindo ye-triad encane:

Unxantathu ongeziwe

I-augmented triad itholakala lapho izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu ezinkulu zihlanganiswa. Ukuze urekhode u-triad, igama elifushanisiwe elithi "Uv" lisetshenziswa, lapho izinombolo 5 no-3 zengezwe, okubonisa ukuthi i-chord iyi-triad - Uv53.

Cabangela izibonelo. Kusuka kumsindo othi “yenza”, unxantathu okhulisiwe uhambisana namanothi athi DO, MI kanye neSOL-SHARP. Zombili izingxenye ezintathu - "to mi" kanye "mi sol-sharp", njengoba kufanele, zinkulu.

Kusukela kweminye imisindo, wena, osuvele unokuhlangenwe nakho okuthile, ungakwazi ukwakha kalula ama-triad anjalo ngokwakho, esiphakamisa ukuthi ukwenze ngokushesha. Ukuze uzihlole, sizofihla izimpendulo ku-spoiler okwamanje.

U-Augmented triad, njengomkhulu noma omncane, usetshenziswa ngokwemvelo emculweni ezimeni eziningi. Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi kuzwakala engazinzile, imisebenzi yomculo, njengomthetho, ungaqali ngayo. I-augmented triad ingatholakala ikakhulukazi phakathi kwengoma noma ucezu lwezinsimbi.

Unxantathu oncishisiwe

Unxantathu onciphile uphambene ncamashi nechord engeziwe. Iqukethe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu ezincane. Umgomo wokuqokwa uyafana: umbhalo ofushanisiwe othi “Um” kanye nezinombolo zikanxantathu (5 no-3) – Um53.

Uma sakha i-triad encishisiwe kusukela kumsindo "kuya", ngakho-ke sidinga ukwakha nokuxhuma izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu ezincane: eyokuqala "kuya ku-E-flat", eyesibili "E-flat G-flat". Ngakho, sithole okulandelayo: DO, MI-FLAT kanye ne-G-FLAT - lena imisindo eyakha unxantathu esiwudingayo.

Ukuncishiswa kwezintathu ezinyathelweni eziyinhloko ezisele (RE, MI, FA, SOL, LA, SI) zakha wena. Ungabona izimpendulo zokuzihlola ku-spoiler ngezansi.

Njenge-augmented triad, enciphile izwakala ishubile futhi ingazinzile, ngakho-ke ayivamile ukusetshenziswa ekuqaleni kwesiqephu, ngokuvamile kakhulu le chord ingatholakala phakathi noma ekupheleni kwengoma noma ucezu lwensimbi ethile. .

Ungafunda kanjani ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezi-4 zama-triad ngendlebe?

Ezifundweni ze-solfeggio ezikoleni zomculo noma amakolishi, kukhona uhlobo lomsebenzi olufana nokuhlaziya kokuzwa, lapho umfundi ecelwa ukuthi aqagele ukuthi iyiphi i-chord noma isikhawu okwamanje esikhala upiyano noma kwenye insimbi. Indlela yokukhumbula umsindo wezinhlobo ezine zama-triads, ukuthi ungafunda kanjani ukuhlukanisa futhi ungadideki komunye nomunye?

Kungenzeka uke wezwa isisho esithi: “Konke kwaziwa uma kuqhathaniswa.” Lo mbono ovela ekuhlakanipheni kwabantu uyasebenza lapha ngesikhathi esifanele. Kuyadingeka ukucula nokudlala zonke izinhlobo zabathathu, ubambe ngekhanda umsindo wabo futhi uhlonze ukufana nokuhluka kwabo.

Ake sizame ukuveza unxantathu ngamunye:

1. Unxantathu omkhulu kuzwakala ukuzethemba, kugqame, kugqame.
2. Unxantathu omncane futhi kuzwakala kuzinzile, kodwa ngencanyana yobumnyama, kumnyama kakhulu.
3. Unxantathu ongeziwe izwakala ingaqinile futhi igqamile, njenge-siren, idonsa ukunaka kakhulu.
4. Unxantathu oncishisiwe futhi izwakala ingazinzile, kodwa, njengokungathi, icindezelekile kakhulu, iphelile.

Lalela lezi zinhlobo zonxantathu, ezakhiwe ngomsindo we-RE, izikhathi eziningana bese uzama ukukhumbula izici zalowo nalowo wabo.

Ukuguqulwa kwama-triad: i-chord yesithupha ne-quartersextachord

Noma yimaphi ama-harmonies, okuhlanganisa ama-triad, angahlehliswa - okungukuthi, ngokuhlela kabusha imisindo ukuze uthole izinhlobo ezintsha zamaculo. Konke ukuguqulwa kwenziwa ngokuvumelana nesimiso esifanayo: umsindo ophansi we-chord yasekuqaleni udluliswa i-octave phezulu, okuholela ekugubheni okuhlukile.

Wonke ama-triad anezinguqulo ezimbili: eyokuqala ibizwa ngokuthi i-chord yesithupha, kanti eyesibili ibizwa ngokuthi i-chord yesine-yesithupha. Izinhlamvu zesithupha zikhonjiswa ngenombolo 6, ama-quarter-sextchords aboniswa ngezinombolo ezimbili: 6 no-4.

Isibonelo, masenze ukuguqulwa kukanxantathu omkhulu “do-mi-sol”. Sidlulisela umsindo ophansi "kuya" phezulu kwe-octave, sivele sibhale kabusha yonke eminye imisindo, siyishiye ezindaweni zayo. Sithole ingoma yesithupha ethi "mi-sol-do".

Manje sizokwenza ucingo olulandelayo, sizosebenza ngechord yesithupha esiyitholile. Sihambisa umsindo ophansi othi “mi” siwuyise esikhaleni se-octave emsulwa, sivele sibhale kabusha yonke eminye imisindo. Ngakho, sithola i-quarter-sextakcord emisindweni ye-"sol-do-mi". Lona bekungowesibili nowokugcina.

Uma sizama ukufaka isikhalazo esisodwa ngaphezulu, sizobe sesibuyela kulokho esiqale kukho. Okusho ukuthi, uma uhambisa i-bass “G” ibe yi-octave phezulu ku-“sol-do-mi” quarter-sextakcord, uthola unxantathu ojwayelekile we-“do-mi-sol”. Ngakho-ke, siyaqiniseka ukuthi i-triad inama-inversion amabili kuphela.

Unganquma kanjani ukuqanjwa kwesikhawu sezingoma zesithupha nama-quartersextachords?

Njengoba i-triad inezinhlobo ezine kuphela, kusho ukuthi kuzophinde kube nama-chords esithupha kanye nama-chords yesine-yesithupha ngayinye - enkulu, encane, eyandisiwe futhi yehla. Ukuze sinqume ukuqanjwa kwesikhawu samaculo amasha, masiwakhe.

Isibonelo, ake sithathe ama-triad emsindweni we-MI futhi senze ngokushesha ukuguqulwa kwawo kokuqala nokwesibili ukuze sithole amachodi esithupha kanye nama-quarter-sextchords. Bese sizohlaziya amachords angumphumela futhi sibone ukuthi ahlanganisa ziphi izikhawu.

Ichord enkulu yesithupha nekota yesithupha

Unxantathu omkhulu ovela ku-MI, lena imisindo ye-MI, SOL-SHARP kanye ne-SI. Ngakho-ke, i-chord enkulu yesithupha (B.6) izokwakhiwa ngemisindo ethi G-SHARP, SI kanye ne-MI - ngalolo hlobo. Futhi ikota-sextakcord enkulu (B.64) izokwakhiwa ngamanothi SI, MI kanye ne-SOL-SHARP.

Ngokwayo, unxantathu omkhulu uqukethe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu - ezinkulu nezincane, sesiyakwazi lokhu.

Ichodi enkulu yesithupha yakhiwe ingxenye yesithathu encane (esibonelweni sethu, ithi “sol-sharp si”) kanye neyesine emsulwa (“si-mi” move).

I-quarter-sext chord enkulu iqala ngeyesine ephelele (imisindo ethi "si-mi" phansi kwechodi), lapho ingxenye yesithathu enkulu yengezwa khona (esibonelweni - "mi sol-sharp").

Ngakho, sithole lo mthetho olandelayo: B.6 = encane yesithathu + emsulwa yesine; B.64 uXNUMXd okwesine okumsulwa + okwesithathu okukhulu.

Ichord encane yesithupha kanye nekota yesithupha

I-triad encane evela ku-MI yakhiwe ngokuvumelana nemisindo MI, SOL, SI (ngaphandle kwezingozi ezingadingekile). Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-chord encane yesithupha (M.6) ingamanothi SOL, SI, MI, kanye ne-minor quarter-sextakcord (M.64) ithi SI, MI, SOL.

I-triad encane yenziwa izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu - "E-sol" encane kanye ne-"sol-si" enkulu.

I-chord encane yesithupha iqukethe ingxenye enkulu yesithathu (imisindo ye-sol-si) kanye neyesine emsulwa (imisindo ye-si-mi), kuyilapho i-quarter-sext chord encane, ngokuphambene, iqala ngeyesine (esibonelo, "si- mi”), lapho ingxenye yesithathu encane (esibonelo, lena imisindo “mi-sol”).

Ngakho, sithole ukuthi: M.6 = enkulu yesithathu + emsulwa yesine; M.64 uXNUMXd okwesine okumsulwa + okwesithathu okuncane.

I-Augmented sixth chord kanye ne-quartersextachord

I-augmented triad evela ku-MI iculo elithi MI, G-SHARP, C-SHARP. Ichodi yesithupha yalo zintathu i-G-SHARP, B-SHARP, MI, kanti i-quarter-sext chord ithi B-SHARP, MI, G-SHARP. Isici esithakazelisayo sawo womathathu ama-chords ukuthi wonke azwakala njenge-augmented triad (yakhiwe kuphela ngemisindo ehlukene).

I-augmented triad, njengoba sazi kakade, iqukethe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu ezinkulu (esibonelo, lezi "E G-sharp" kanye "ne-G-sharp C-sharp").

I-chord yesithupha ye-triad e-augmented iyingxenye yesithathu enkulu (esibonelo - "i-G-sharp C-sharp"), lapho okwesine okuncishisiwe kwengezwe (esibonelweni - "B-sharp E").

I-quadrant-sextakcord ye-triad efanayo iyiquart encishisiwe (mi sol-sharp) kanye nengxenye yesithathu enkulu (kusuka ku-sol-sharp ukuya ku-c-sharp).

Isiphetho simi kanje: SW.6 = enkulu yesithathu + yehliswe yesine; I-Uv.64 uXNUMXd yehlise okwesine + enkulu yesithathu.

Kuncishiswe i-chord yesithupha kanye ne-quarter-sext chord

Unxantathu oncishisiwe ovela kumsindo we-MI uwungwaqa ovela kumanothi MI, SOL, SI-FLAT. Ichord yesithupha yalo zintathu i-G, B-flat kanye ne-MI, futhi iculo layo lekota le-sext lithi B-flat, MI, G.

I-triad ecatshangelwayo i-symmetrical, iqukethe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu ezincane (kithi, lena imisindo "mi sol" kanye "no-sol si-flat").

I-chord yesithupha encishisiwe itholakala ngokuxhumanisa ingxenye yesithathu encane (sine "G-flat") ne-quart eyengeziwe (esibonelo, "B-flat").

I-quartsextakcord encishisiwe iqala nge-quart ekhulisiwe (ngokwesibonelo - "si-flat mi"), lapho ingxenye encane yesithathu ("mi sol") ijoyina.

Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yalokho, kuvela lokhu: Um.6 u64d omncane wesithathu + wanda okwesine; Um.XNUMX = i-augmented yesine + encane yesithathu.

Ithebula lokuqanjwa kwezikhawu zamachodi anemisindo emithathu

Ake sifingqe yonke idatha esinayo mayelana nokuqanjwa kwe-chord yesikhawu kuthebula. Ungalanda ithebula elifanayo ukuze uliphrinte. LAPHA futhi ulisebenzise njengephepha lokukopela ezifundweni ze-solfeggio noma emsebenzini wesikole kuze kube yilapho uwukhumbula ngokuqinile.

ubungqondo	UBULILI- AMACHORDS	QUARTZEXT- AMACHORDS
KAKHULU	B.53 = b.3 + m.3	B.6 = m.3 + h.4	B.64 u4d ingxenye 3 + b.XNUMX
OKUNCANE	M.53 = m.3 + b.3	M.6 = b.3 + p.4	M.64 = ingxenye 4 + m.3
Kukhulisiwe	Uv.53 = b.3 + b.3	Uv.6 = b.3 + um.4	Uv.64 = um.4 + b.3
Yehlisiwe	Ingqondo.53 = m.3 + m.3	Ingqondo.6 = m.3 + uv.4	Ingqondo.64 = uv.4 + m.3

Kungani udinga ukwazi ukuthi iziphi izikhawu lokhu noma leyo chord yakhiwe? Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze kwakhiwe kalula i-consonance oyifunayo kunoma yimuphi umsindo womculo.

Isibonelo, ake sakhe wonke amaculo esiwacubungulile namuhla asuka kumsindo we-PE.

• Sesakhe i-triad enkulu evela e-PE, ngeke siphinde siphawule ngayo. Lena imisindo ethi RE, F-SHARP, LA. Iculo elikhulu lesithupha elivela ku-RE – RE, FA, SI-FLAT (“re-fa” ingxenye yesithathu encane, futhi “fa B-flat” iyiquart emsulwa). I-quarter-sextakcord enkulu evela kunothi elifanayo i-RE, SOL, SI (iquart ehlanzekile "re-sol" kanye nengxenye yesithathu enkulu "sol-si").
• Unxantathu omncane ovela ku-RE - RE, FA, LA. Ichord encane yesithupha kule nothi ithi RE, F-sharp, SI (enkulu yesithathu “re F-sharp” + pure four “F-sharp si”). Ikota encane-sextakcord evela ku-PE - PE, SOL, SI-FLAT (iquart ehlanzekile "D-Sol" + encane yesithathu "G-flat").
• Ukwenyuka kokuthathu kusuka ku-RE - RE, F-SHARP, A-SHARP. Kukhushulwe iculo lesithupha ukusuka ku-RE - RE, F-SHARP, SI-FLAT (okokuqala okwesithathu okuyinhloko "DF-sharp", bese kuba iquart encishisiwe "F-Sharp B-flat"). Ukwenyuka kwekota-sextakcord emsindweni ofanayo - RE, G-flat, B-flat (ikota encishisiwe esisekelweni esithi "D G-flat" kanye nengxenye yesithathu enkulu ngaphezu kwayo "G-flat B-flat").
• Unxantathu oncishisiwe ovela ku-RE – RE, FA, A-FLAT. Ichord yesithupha encishisiwe kulo msindo ithi RE, FA, SI (“re-fa” ingxenye yesithathu encane, “fa-si” ingeyesine eyengeziwe). Kwehlisiwe i-quarter-sixth chord kusuka ku-PE - PE, G-SHARP, SI (inyuke isine esisekelweni esithi "D-sharp", kanye nengxenye yesithathu encane ngaphezu kwayo "G-Sharp SI").

Wonke ama-triad inversion anamandla awo okuveza futhi asetshenziswa kakhulu emculweni emisebenzini eyahlukene.

Bangane abathandekayo, kulapho sizomisa khona isifundo sethu esikhulu. Uma unemibuzo mayelana nodaba, sicela uyibhale kumazwana alesi sihloko. Uma okuthile, kubonakala kuwe, kungachazwanga ngokucacile, futhi zizwe ukhululekile ukuveza umbono wakho ngale ndaba. Sihlala sisebenzela ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yezinto zethu zokwakha.

Komagazini abalandelayo, sizobuyela esifundweni sikanxantathu izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa. Maduze uzofunda mayelana nezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zemodi, nokuthi yimiphi imisebenzi ebalulekile abayenzayo emculweni.

Ekuhlukaneni, sizokuphonsa umculo omnandi. Lo mculo, ngendlela, uqala nge-quarter-sext chord encane!

L. van Beethoven – Moonlight Sonata (Spanish: Valentina Lisitsa)