Umlando webhesi ephindwe kabili
Okwenziwa yi-orchestra ye-symphony ngaphandle kwesibalo esibalulekile somculo njenge bass kabili? Le nsimbi yomculo enezintambo ezigobile, nensimbi yayo engacacile kodwa ejulile, ihlobisa amaqoqo e-chamber ngisho ne-jazz ngomsindo wayo. Abanye bayakwazi ukushintsha isiginci se-bass ngaso. Kusukela nini ama-bass amangalisayo ahlaba umxhwele futhi aheha izethameli emhlabeni wonke, emele zonke izilimi zomhlaba ngesikhathi esisodwa, futhi ngaphandle kokudinga umhumushi?
I-Contrabass viola. Mhlawumbe, i-double bass iyona kuphela insimbi yomculo emhlabeni umlando wayo wokudala kanye nokwethulwa kwayo esikweni elidumile kugcwele lezi zikhala. Ukukhulunywa kokuqala kwaleli thuluzi elinezintambo kuqale ngeRenaissance.
Ama-Viola athathwa njengokhokho we-double bass, emndenini wakhe okusafakwe kuwo ama-bass aphindwe kabili. I-double bass viola yaqala ukuvezwa emdwebeni wakhe othi "Umshado eKhana" ngumdwebi waseVenice uPaolo Veronese emuva ngo-1563. Lolu suku lubhekwa njengesiqalo sokubala umlando we-double bass.
Ngekhulu lesi-5, amaviyoli anebhesi ephindwe kabili aqala ukufakwa ku-orchestra ye-opera kaClaudio Monteverdi i-Orpheus futhi ashiwo enanini lezingcezu ezimbili kumphumela. Ngaleso sikhathi, incazelo yekhwalithi yensimbi ngokwayo yenziwa nguMichael Pretorius, ngesikhathi esifanayo kwavela ukuthi i-bass viola ephindwe kabili yayinezintambo ezingu-6-XNUMX.
Ukwakhiwa kwe-bass ephindwe kabili njengensimbi yomculo ezimele. Ama-bass aphindwe kabili ngendlela yawo yesimanje avele maphakathi nekhulu lesi-XNUMX. Umsunguli wayo kwakuyinkosi yase-Italy uMichele Todini. 
Yena ngokwakhe wayekholelwa ukuthi udale i-cello enkulu, kodwa wayibiza ngokuthi i-double bass. Okusha kwaba uhlelo lwezintambo ezine. Ngakho-ke i-double bass yaba "i-defector" isuka emndenini owodwa - ama-viols kuya komunye - ama-violin, ngokusho komculi wezinsimbi waseJalimane u-Kurt Sachs.
Ukwethulwa kokuqala kwe-bass ephindwe kabili ku-orchestra kubhalwe phansi e-Italy. Lokhu kwenziwa ngo-1699 ngumqambi u-D. Aldrovandini ku-opera ethi “Caesar of Alexandria” emdlalweni wokuqala enkundleni yemidlalo yaseshashalazini yaseNaples.
Into ethakazelisayo kakhulu ukuhlanganiswa kancane kancane kwemiqondo emibili - "i-violone" ne "double bass". Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, e-Italy i-double bass yayibizwa ngokuthi "Violone", eNgilandi - Double bass, eJalimane - der Kontrabass, naseFrance - Contrebasse. Kuphela ngeminyaka yama-50 yekhulu lesi-XNUMX lapho ivayone yagcina isiphenduke i-bass ephindwe kabili. Cishe ngaso leso sikhathi, ama-orchestra aseYurophu aqala ukuthanda i-bass ephindwe kabili. 
Ekhulwini le-XVIII, "wakhula" edlala yedwa, kodwa enezintambo ezintathu ensimbi.
Ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX, uGiovanni Bottzini noFranz Simandl baqhubekile nokuthuthukisa le ndlela yomculo. Futhi vele ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX, abalandelayo batholakala kumuntu u-Adolf Mishek noSergei Koussevitzky.
Iminyaka engamakhulu amabili yokulwela ukuba khona iye yaholela ekwakhiweni kwensimbi yomculo ekhaliphile engaqhudelana nesitho esinamandla. Ngemizamo yabaculi abanohlonze, izigidi zabantu manje zilandela ngokungafihli ukunyakaza kwezandla ze-maestro entanjeni.
