Indaba yophondo

Lihunyushwe lisuka esiJalimane, elithi Waldhorn lisho uphondo lwehlathi. Uphondo luwumoya insimbi yomculo, ngokuvamile eyenziwa ngethusi. Kubukeka njengeshubhu lensimbi elide elinomlomo, eligcina ngensimbi ebanzi. Le nsimbi yomculo inomsindo othakazelisayo kakhulu. Umlando wophondo unezimpande zawo ezijulile ezikhathini zasendulo, ubala izinkulungwane zeminyaka.

Uphondo, olwalwenziwe ngethusi futhi lwasetshenziswa njengethuluzi lesignali ngamaqhawe aseRoma lasendulo, lungabhekwa njengomanduleli wophondo lwesiFulentshi. Ngokwesibonelo, umkhuzi wamaRoma odumile u-Alexander Omkhulu wasebenzisa uphondo olufanayo ukuze anikeze izimpawu, kodwa abazange bacabange nganoma yimuphi umdlalo kulo ngalezo zinsuku.

NgeNkathi Ephakathi, uphondo lwalusakazeke kakhulu kwezempi nezinkantolo. Izimpondo zesignali zisetshenziswa kabanzi emiqhudelwaneni ehlukahlukene, ukuzingela, futhi-ke, izimpi eziningi. Noma yiliphi iqhawe elalihlanganyela empini lalinophondo lwalo.

Izimpondo zesignali zenziwe ngezinto zemvelo, ngakho-ke azihlali isikhathi eside. Zazingafanelekile ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abadwebi abenza izimpondo bafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi kungcono kakhulu ukuzenza ngensimbi, banikeze isimo semvelo sezimpondo zezilwane ngaphandle kokugoba okuningi. Umsindo wezimpondo ezinjalo wasakazekela kude endaweni, okwasiza ukuzisebenzisa lapho kuzingelwa izilwane ezinkulu ezinezimpondo. Zazisakazeke kakhulu eFrance kuma-60s wekhulu le-17. Ngemva kwamashumi ambalwa eminyaka, ukuvela kophondo kwaqhubeka eBohemia. Ngalezo zinsuku, abashaya amacilongo babedlala izimpondo, kodwa eBohemia kwavela isikole esikhethekile, abathweswa iziqu zabo baba abadlali bezimpondo. Kwaze kwaba ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18 lapho izimpondo zesignali zaqala ukubizwa ngokuthi "uphondo lwemvelo" noma "uphondo olungenalutho". Izimpondo zemvelo kwakungamashubhu ensimbi, ububanzi bawo ngaphansi kwawo bungaba amasentimitha angu-0,9, kanti ensimbini yayingaphezu kwamasentimitha angu-30. Ubude bamashubhu anjalo ngendlela eqondile bungaba kusuka ku-3,5 kuya ku-5 amamitha.

Umdlali wophondo wase-Bohemia AI Hampl, owayekhonza esigodlweni sasebukhosini eDresden, ukuze aguqule umsindo wensimbi ngokuwenza uphakame, waqala ukufaka i-tampon ethambile ensimbi yophondo. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, u-Humple wafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi umsebenzi we-tampon ungenziwa ngokugcwele ngesandla somculi. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, bonke abadlali bophondo baqala ukusebenzisa le ndlela yokudlala.

Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18, izimpondo zaqala ukusetshenziswa ku-opera, i-symphony kanye namabhendi ethusi. I-debut yenzeke ku-opera ethi Princess of Elis yomqambi u-JB Lully. Ngokushesha, uphondo lwaba namapayipi engeziwe afakwa phakathi komlomo nepayipi elikhulu. Behlisa umsindo wensimbi yomculo.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, i-valve yasungulwa, okwakuwushintsho lokugcina olukhulu ensimbi. Umklamo othembisa kakhulu kwakuwumshini wamavalvu amathathu. Omunye wabaqambi bokuqala abasebenzisa uphondo olunjalo kwakunguWagner. Kakade ngawo-70s wekhulu le-19, uphondo olufanayo, olubizwa ngokuthi i-chromatic, lwathatha indawo ngokuphelele yemvelo evela kuma-orchestra.

Ngekhulu lama-20, izimpondo ezine-valve eyengeziwe zaqala ukusetshenziswa ngenkuthalo, okwandisa amathuba okudlala kurejista ephezulu. Ngo-1971, umphakathi wezimpondo zamazwe ngamazwe wanquma ukubiza uphondo ngokuthi "uphondo".

Ngo-2007, i-gabae ne-horn yaba abanikazi be-Guinness World Record njengezinsimbi zomculo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu zabadlali.