I-Harmonica: ukwakheka kwensimbi, umlando, izinhlobo, indlela yokudlala, indlela yokukhetha

I-harmonica iyinsimbi yomculo yomhlanga womoya abantu abaningi abayikhumbula kusukela ebuntwaneni. Ibonakala ngomsindo we-metallic odumayo, owenze waduma ezinhlotsheni ezilandelayo: i-blues, i-jazz, i-country, i-rock kanye nomculo kazwelonke. I-harmonica yaba nomthelela omkhulu kulezi zinhlobo ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, futhi abaculi abaningi basaqhubeka nokuyidlala namuhla.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zama-harmonicas: i-chromatic, i-diatonic, i-octave, i-tremolo, i-bass, i-orchestral, njalonjalo. Insimbi ihlangene, ithengiswa ngentengo ethengekayo futhi kungenzeka ngempela ukufunda ukuyidlala uwedwa.

Idivayisi kanye nesimiso sokusebenza

Ukuze kukhishwe imisindo ensimbini, umoya uphephethwa noma udonswe ngezimbobo zawo. Umdlali we-harmonica ushintsha indawo kanye nokuma kwezindebe, ulimi, ukuphefumula nokukhipha ngokushintsha amandla kanye nemvamisa - ngenxa yalokho, umsindo nawo uyashintsha. Ngokuvamile kunenombolo ngaphezu kwezimbobo, isibonelo, kumamodeli we-diatonic kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-10. Inombolo isho inothi, futhi iphansi, inothi eliphansi.

Ithuluzi alinayo idivayisi eyinkimbinkimbi: lawa amapuleti angu-2 anemihlanga. Phezulu kukhona izilimi ezisebenza ngokukhipha umoya (lapho umenzi eshaya emoyeni), phansi - ekuhogeleni (edonsa). Amapuleti ahlanganiswe nomzimba, futhi uwafihla ngaphansi nangaphezulu. Ubude be-slots epulatifeni buyahlukahluka, kodwa uma ziphezu komunye nomunye, ubude buyafana. Ukugeleza komoya kudlula ezilimini nasezikhaleni, okubangela ukuba izilimi ngokwazo zinyakaze. Kungenxa yalo mklamo ukuthi insimbi ibizwa ngokuthi umhlanga.

Indiza yomoya engena (noma ephuma) “emzimbeni” we-harmonica ibangela ukuba umhlanga udlidlize. Abaningi bakholelwa ngephutha ukuthi umsindo udalwa lapho umhlanga ushaya irekhodi, kodwa lezi zingxenye ezi-2 azenzi ukuthintana. Kukhona igebe elincane phakathi kwesikhala nolimi. Ngesikhathi sokudlala, ukudlidliza kuyadalwa - ulimi "luwela" ku-slot, ngaleyo ndlela luvimbele ukugeleza komoya. Ngakho, umsindo uncike endleleni indiza yomoya enyakaza ngayo.

Umlando we-harmonica

I-harmonica ibhekwa njengesitho somoya esine-Western motif. Imodeli yokuqala ehlangene yavela ngo-1821. Yenziwe ngumenzi wamawashi waseJalimane u-Christian Friedrich Ludwig Buschmann. Umdali uqhamuke negama lakhe elithi “aura”. Indalo yayibukeka njengepuleti lensimbi elinezikhala ezingu-15 ezimboze izilimi ezenziwe ngensimbi. Mayelana nokwakheka, ithuluzi lalifana kakhulu nemfoloko yokushuna, lapho amanothi ayenokuhlelwa kwe-chromatic, futhi umsindo wawukhishwa kuphela ngokukhipha umoya.

Ngo-1826, umpetha ogama lakhe linguRichter wasungula i-harmonica enemihlanga engama-20 nezimbobo eziyi-10 (hogela/ukukhipha umoya). Wawenziwa ngomsedari. Uzophinde anikeze isilungiselelo lapho kusetshenziswe isikali se-diatonic (isistimu ye-Richter). Kamuva, imikhiqizo evamile eYurophu yaqala ukubizwa ngokuthi "Mundharmonika" (isitho somoya).

INyakatho Melika yayinomlando wayo. Yalethwa lapho nguMatthias Hohner ngo-1862 (ngaphambi kokuthi "ayikhuthaze" ezweni lakubo), okwathi ngo-1879 yayikhiqiza i-harmonica engaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-700 ngonyaka. Leli thuluzi lasakazeka kabanzi e-United States phakathi neminyaka Yokuwohloka Okukhulu Kwezomnotho neMpi Yezwe II. Khona-ke abaseningizimu baletha i-harmonica kanye nabo. U-Honer washeshe waziwa emakethe yomculo - ngo-1900 inkampani yakhe yayisikhiqize ama-harmonicas ayizigidi ezi-5, asakazeka ngokushesha kuwo wonke Umhlaba Omdala Nomusha.

Izinhlobonhlobo ze-harmonicas

Abaculi abanolwazi abasebenzisa kahle i-harmonica bayeluleka kude nanoma iyiphi imodeli njengeyokuqala. Akukhona mayelana nekhwalithi, kumayelana nohlobo. Izinhlobo zamathuluzi nendlela ahluke ngayo:

• I-orchestral. Okungavamile. Ngokulandelayo, kukhona: i-bass, i-chord, enezincwadi eziningana. Kunzima ukufunda, ngakho akufanele abaqalayo.
• I-Chromatic. Lawa ma-harmonica abonakala ngomsindo we-classical, kuyilapho aqukethe yonke imisindo yesikali, njengepiyano. Umehluko kusuka ku-diatonic phambi kwama-semitones (ukushintsha komsindo kwenzeka ngenxa ye-damper evala izimbobo). Iqukethe izakhi eziningi, kodwa ingadlalwa kunoma yimuphi ukhiye wesilinganiso se-chromatic. Kunzima ukuyiqonda kahle, ikakhulukazi esetshenziswa kumculo we-jazz, wesintu, we-classical kanye ne-orchestra.
• I-Diatonic. Izinhlobo ezingaphansi ezidume kakhulu ezidlalwa i-blues ne-rock. Umehluko phakathi kwe-diatonic ne-chromatic harmonica ukuthi izimbobo zokuqala eziyi-10 futhi ekucushweni okuthile, ayinawo ama-semitone. Isibonelo, isistimu ethi "Yenza" ihlanganisa imisindo ye-octave - do, re, mi, fa, salt, la, si. Ngokohlelo, zinkulu futhi zincane (nothi key).
• I-Octave. Cishe ngokufana nokubuka kwangaphambilini, imbobo eyodwa kuphela eyengeziwe yengezwa emgodini ngamunye, futhi ngeyodwa eyinhloko ishunwa ku-octave eyodwa. Okusho ukuthi, umuntu, lapho ekhipha inothi, uzwa ngesikhathi esisodwa kumabanga ama-2 (irejista ephezulu namabhasi). Izwakala ibanzi futhi inothile, nentelezi ethile.
• I-Tremolo. Kukhona futhi izimbobo ezi-2 ngenothi ngalinye, kuphela azishuniwe ku-octave, kodwa kanyekanye (kukhona ukukhishwa kancane). Ngesikhathi sokudlala, umculi uzwa ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ukudlidliza, okugcwalisa umsindo, kuwenza uthungwe.

Kulabo abafuna ukufunda ukudlala i-harmonica, kunconywa ukukhetha uhlobo lwe-diatonic. Ukusebenza kwawo kwanele ukufunda wonke amaqhinga ayisisekelo e-Play.

Dlala indlela

Ngezindlela eziningi, umsindo uncike ekutheni izandla zibekwe kahle kangakanani. Ithuluzi libanjwe ngesandla sobunxele, futhi ukugeleza komoya kwenziwa kwesokudla. Izintende zenza umgodi osebenza njengekamelo lokuzwakala. Ukuvala okuqinile nokuvulwa kwamabhulashi "kudala" imisindo ehlukene. Ukuze umoya uhambe ngokulinganayo futhi uqine, ikhanda kufanele liqondiswe ngqo. Imisipha yobuso, yolimi nomphimbo ikhululekile. I-harmonica iboshwe ngokuqinile ezindebeni (ingxenye ye-mucosal), hhayi nje ukuncika emlonyeni.

Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile ukuphefumula. I-harmonica iyinsimbi yomoya ekwazi ukukhiqiza umsindo ekuhogeleni nasekuphefumuleni. Akudingekile ukuvuthela umoya noma ukumunca emigodini - inqubo ibilisa ukuthi umenzi uphefumula nge-harmonica. Okusho ukuthi, i-diaphragm iyasebenza, hhayi umlomo nezihlathi. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi "ukuphefumula kwesisu" lapho umthamo omkhulu wamaphaphu ugcwaliswa kunezingxenye ezingenhla, ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhuluma. Ekuqaleni kuzobonakala sengathi umsindo uthulile, kodwa ngokuhlangenwe nakho umsindo uzoba muhle kakhulu futhi ube bushelelezi.

Ku-harmonica ye-diatonic yakudala, ibanga lomsindo linesici esisodwa - izimbobo ezi-3 ezilandelanayo zizwakala ngokufanayo. Ngakho-ke, kulula ukudlala i-chord kunenothi elilodwa. Kwenzeka ukuthi kuyadingeka ukudlala amanothi ngamanye, esimweni esinjalo kuzodingeka uvimbele izimbobo eziseduze ngezindebe zakho noma ulimi.

Ukwazi izingoma nemisindo eyisisekelo kulula ukufunda izingoma ezilula. Kodwa i-harmonica iyakwazi okuningi, futhi lapha amasu akhethekile namasu azosiza:

• I-trill yilapho amapheya amanothi asondelene eshintshana.
• I-Glissando - amanothi ama-3 noma ngaphezulu ngokushelela, njengokungathi uyashelela, aphenduke abe umsindo ojwayelekile. Indlela yokusebenzisa wonke amanothi kuze kube sekugcineni ibizwa ngokuthi ukudedela.
• I-Tremolo - umculi ucindezela futhi aqede izintende zezandla zakhe, enze ukudlidliza ngezindebe zakhe, ngenxa yalokho kutholakala umsindo ovevezelayo.
• Ibhendi - umenzi ulungisa amandla nesiqondiso sokugeleza komoya, ngaleyo ndlela eshintsha ithoni yenothi.

Ungase ungazi ngisho nokuphawula komculo, ukuze ufunde ukuthi udlalwa kanjani, into esemqoka ukuzilolonga. Ukuze uzifundele, kuyanconywa ukuthi uthole irekhoda yezwi kanye ne-metronome. Isibuko sizosiza ukulawula ukunyakaza.

Indlela yokukhetha i-harmonica

Izincomo ezibalulekile:

• Uma bekungekho umuzwa wokudlala ngaphambi kwalokhu, khetha i-diatonic harmonica.
• Yakha. Othisha abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukhiye "C" (Do) ufaneleka kakhulu njengethuluzi lokuqala. Lona umsindo wakudala, ongathola kuwo izifundo eziningi ku-inthanethi. Kamuva, njengoba usukwazi kahle "isisekelo", ungazama ukudlala kumamodeli ngesistimu ehlukile. Awekho amamodeli wendawo yonke, ngakho-ke abaculi banezinhlobo eziningana ku-arsenal yabo ngesikhathi esisodwa.
• Ibhrendi. Kunombono wokuthi ungaqala nganoma iyiphi i-harmonica, uhlobo "lwehhashi lomsebenzi", bese uthenge okuthile okungcono. Ngokwenza, akufiki ekuthengeni umkhiqizo omuhle, ngoba umuntu udumala ngemva kokudlala i-harmonica esezingeni eliphansi. Uhlu lwama-harmonicas amahle (izinkampani): Easttop, Hohner, Seydel, Suzuki, Lee Oskar.
• Okubalulekile. Izinkuni zivame ukusetshenziswa kuma-harmonicas, kodwa lesi yisizathu sokucabanga ngokuthenga. Yebo, icala lezinkuni limnandi ekuthinteni, umsindo ufudumala, kodwa ngokushesha nje lapho izinto ziba manzi, izinzwa ezimnandi ziyanyamalala ngokushesha. Futhi, ukuqina kuncike ezintweni zemihlanga. Kunconywa ithusi (Hohner, Suzuki) noma insimbi (Seydel).
• Lapho uthenga, qiniseka ukuthi uhlola i-harmonica, okungukuthi, lalela imbobo ngayinye ngenkathi udonsa umoya futhi ukhipha umoya. Imvamisa kuba khona ukubhodla okukhethekile kwale njongo ezindaweni zomculo, uma kungenjalo, zishaye ngokwakho. Akufanele kube nama-crackles angaphandle, ukuheleza nokuklabalasa, kuphela umsindo ocacile nolula.

Ungathathi ithuluzi elishibhile eliklanyelwe izingane - ngeke ligcine uhlelo futhi ngeke ukwazi ukusebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene zokudlala kulo.

Setha nokunakekela

Imihlanga exhunywe epuleti lensimbi inesibopho sokwakheka komsindo "esitho esisebenza ngesandla". Yibo abasuka ekuphefumuleni, bashintshe isikhundla sabo maqondana nepuleti, ngenxa yalokho, uhlelo luyashintsha. Abaculi abanolwazi noma izingcweti kufanele zicule i-harmonica, ngaphandle kwalokho kukhona ithuba lokuyenza ibe yimbi kakhulu.

Ukusetha ngokwayo akunzima, kodwa kuzothatha isipiliyoni, ukunemba, ukubekezela kanye nendlebe yomculo. Ukuze wehlise inothi, udinga ukwandisa igebe phakathi kwesihloko somhlanga nepuleti. Ukwandisa - ngokuphambene nalokho, nciphisa igebe. Uma wehlisa ulimi ngaphansi kwezinga lepuleti, ngeke nje lenze umsindo. Ishuna ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukulawula ukushuna.

Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kwe-harmonica akudingeki. Kunomthetho onjalo: “Ukudlala? - Ungathinti!". Nawa amanye amathiphu okuthi ungayinakekela kanjani insimbi, usebenzisa isibonelo se-diatonic harmonica:

• Ukuhlanza ngaphandle kwe-disassembly. Uma umzimba wenziwe ngepulasitiki, kuvunyelwe ukugeza umkhiqizo ngaphansi kwamanzi afudumele, bese ukhipha wonke amanzi kuwo. Ukuqeda uketshezi okweqile - shaya kakhulu amanothi.
• Nge-disassembly. Uma ukuhlanza okuphelele kuyadingeka, kuzodingeka ususe izembozo namapuleti olimi. Ukwenza kube lula ukuhlanganisa kamuva - beka izingxenye ngokulandelana.
• Ukuhlanza i-Hull. Ipulasitiki ayiwesabi amanzi, insipho namabhulashi. Umkhiqizo wokhuni awukwazi ukugezwa - usula kuphela ngebhulashi. Ungakwazi ukugeza insimbi, kodwa bese uyisula kahle futhi uyomise ukuze ingagqwali.