I-Tuba: incazelo yensimbi, umsindo, umlando, ukwakheka, amaqiniso athakazelisayo

I-tuba iyithuluzi elisukile eqenjini lezempi laya ebhendini yethusi ukuze lihlale lapho kuze kube phakade. Leli yilungu elincane futhi elizwakalayo eliphansi kakhulu lomndeni we-woodwind. Ngaphandle kwe-bass yakhe, eminye yemisebenzi yomculo izolahlekelwa ukukhanga kwayo kanye nencazelo.

Yini i-tuba

I-Tuba (tuba) ngesiLatini isho ipayipi. Ngempela, ngokubukeka kufana kakhulu nepayipi, eligobile kuphela, njengokungathi ligoqwe izikhathi eziningana.

Kungokweqembu lezinsimbi zomculo zethusi. Ngokusho kwerejista, iyona ephansi kakhulu phakathi "kwabazalwane", idlala indima ye-bass ye-orchestral eyinhloko. Ayidlalwa yodwa, kodwa imodeli ibalulekile kuma-symphonic, i-jazz, umoya, ama-pop ensembles.

Ithuluzi likhulu impela - kukhona ama-specimens afinyelela kumamitha ama-2, anesisindo esingaphezu kwama-50 kg. Umculi uhlale ebukeka entekenteke uma eqhathaniswa neshubhu.

Izwakala kanjani i-tuba?

Ububanzi bethoni ye-tuba cishe bungama-octave angu-3. Ayinalo ibanga eliqondile, njengeqembu lonke lethusi. Ama-Virtuoso ayakwazi "ukukhipha" iphalethi egcwele yemisindo ekhona.

Imisindo ekhiqizwa insimbi ijulile, inothile, iphansi. Kungenzeka ukuthatha amanothi aphezulu, kodwa abaculi abanolwazi kuphela abakwazi lokhu.

Amavesi ayinkimbinkimbi ngobuchwepheshe ayenziwa kurejista ephakathi. I-timbre izofana ne-trombone, kodwa igcwele kakhulu, inemibala egqamile. Amarejista aphezulu azwakala ethambile, umsindo wawo umnandi kakhulu endlebeni.

Umsindo we-tuba, ububanzi bemvamisa buncike ezinhlobonhlobo. Amathuluzi amane ahlukene:

• I-B-flat (BBb);
• ku-(SS);
• I-E-flat (Eb);
• fa (F).

Kuma-orchestra e-symphony, kusetshenziswa okuhlukile kwe-B-flat, E-flat. Ukudlala i-solo kungenzeka kumodeli yokushuna i-Fa ekwazi ukushaya amanothi aphezulu. Ingabe (SS) uthanda ukusebenzisa abaculi be-jazz.

Ukuthulisa kusiza ukushintsha umsindo, kuwenze ukhale, ubukhali. Idizayini ifakwa ngaphakathi kwensimbi, ivimbe kancane okukhiphayo komsindo.

Idivayisi yethuluzi

Ingxenye eyinhloko ipayipi yethusi yobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele. Ubude bayo obuvuliwe bucishe bube ngamamitha ayi-6. Umklamo uphetha ngensimbi enomumo oyi-conical. I-tube eyinhloko ihlelwe ngendlela ekhethekile: ukushintshanisa i-conical, izingxenye ze-cylindrical zifaka isandla kumsindo ophansi, "onzima".

Umzimba ufakwe ama-valve amane. Okuthathu kunomthelela ekwehliseni umsindo: ukuvula ngakunye kwehlisa isikali ngethoni engu-1. Lesi sakamuva sehlisa ngokuphelele isikali ngesesine sonke, okukuvumela ukuthi ukhiphe imisindo yebanga eliphansi kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka. I-valve yesi-4 ayivamile ukusetshenziswa.

Amanye amamodeli afakwe ivalve yesihlanu eyehlisa isikali ngo-3/4 (etholakala kumakhophi angawodwa).

Ithuluzi liphetha ngomlomo - umlomo ufakwa epayipini. Awekho amazwi omlomo ajwayelekile: abaculi bakhetha usayizi ngamunye. Ochwepheshe bathenga imilomo eminingi eyenzelwe ukwenza imisebenzi ehlukene. Le mininingwane ye-tuba ibaluleke kakhulu - ithinta uhlelo, i-timbre, umsindo wensimbi.

Umlando

Umlando we-tuba ubuyela emuva ekuqaleni kweNkathi Ephakathi: Izinsimbi ezifanayo zazikhona ngesikhathi seRenaissance. Umklamo wawubizwa ngokuthi inyoka, wenziwe ngokhuni, isikhumba, futhi wenza imisindo ephansi ye-bass.

Ekuqaleni, imizamo yokuthuthukisa izinsimbi zasendulo, ukudala into entsha ngokuyisisekelo kwakungekamakhosi aseJalimane uWipricht, Moritz. Ukuhlolwa kwabo ngama-tuba precursors (izinyoka, ama-ophicleid) kwanikeza umphumela omuhle. Ukusungulwa kwakunelungelo lobunikazi ngo-1835: imodeli yayinama-valve amahlanu, uhlelo F.

Ekuqaleni, ukusungulwa akuzange kusatshalaliswe kakhulu. Amakhosi awazange alethe udaba esiphethweni salo esinengqondo, imodeli yayidinga ukuthuthukiswa ukuze ibe yingxenye egcwele ye-orchestra ye-symphony. U-Adolf Sachs waseBelgium odumile, ubaba wezakhiwo eziningi zomculo, waqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe. Ngemizamo yakhe, i-novelty izwakala ngendlela ehlukile, yandisa ukusebenza kwayo, yakhangwa abaqambi nabaculi.

Ngokokuqala ngqa, i-tuba yavela ku-orchestra ngo-1843, kamuva yathatha indawo ebalulekile lapho. Imodeli entsha iqede ukwakhiwa kwe-orchestra ye-symphony: ngemva kokufakwa kwayo ekubunjweni, akukho lutho olushintshile iminyaka engu-2.

I-Tuba idlala indlela

I-Play akulula kubaculi, ukuqeqeshwa okude kuyadingeka. Ithuluzi lihamba kancane, liziboleka kumasu ahlukahlukene, amasu, kodwa libandakanya umsebenzi onzima. Ukugeleza komoya okukhulu kudinga ukuphefumula njalo, ngezinye izikhathi umculi kufanele akwenze ngomsindo ngamunye okhishiwe olandelayo. Kuyiqiniso ukukwazi lokhu, ukuqeqesha njalo, ukuthuthukisa amaphaphu, ukuthuthukisa indlela yokuphefumula.

Kufanele uvumelane nosayizi omkhulu, isisindo esikhulu sento. Ubekwe phambi kwakhe, aqondise insimbi phezulu, ngezikhathi ezithile umdlali ahlale eduze kwakhe. Abaculi abamile bavame ukudinga ibhande lokusekela ukusiza ukubamba isakhiwo esikhulu.

Izindlela eziyinhloko ezivamile zokudlala:

• i-staccato;
• ama-trills.

Ukusebenzisa

Umkhakha wokusetshenziswa - ama-orchestra, ama-ensembles ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene:

• i-symphonic;
• i-jazz;
• umoya.

Ama-orchestra e-Symphony anelisekile ngokuba khona komdlali oyedwa we-tuba, ama-orchestra omoya aheha abaculi ababili noma abathathu.

Insimbi idlala indima yebhesi. Ngokuvamile, izingxenye zibhalelwe yena ezincane, ukuzwa umsindo we-solo yimpumelelo engavamile.

Amaqiniso Okuthakazelisayo

Noma yiliphi ithuluzi lingaziqhayisa ngamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ahlobene nalo. I-Tuba nayo ihlukile:

1. Umnyuziyamu obanzi kakhulu onikezelwe kuleli thuluzi use-United States, idolobha laseDurham. Ngaphakathi kuqoqwe amakhophi ezikhathi ezahlukene anenani lezingcezu ezingu-300.
2. Umqambi uRichard Wagner wayeneshubhu yakhe, ayeyisebenzisa emisebenzini yakhe ebhaliwe.
3. Uprofesa waseMelika womculo uR. Winston ungumnikazi weqoqo elikhulu kunazo zonke lezinto ezihlobene ne-tuba (izinto ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ze-2).
4. ULwesihlanu wokuqala kaMeyi yiholide elisemthethweni, i-Tuba Day.
5. Izinto zokwakha amathuluzi ochwepheshe iyingxube yethusi ne-zinc.
6. Phakathi kwezinsimbi zomoya, i-tuba "injabulo" ebiza kakhulu. Izindleko zamakhophi ngamanye ziqhathaniswa nezindleko zemoto.
7. Isidingo sethuluzi siphansi, ngakho-ke inqubo yokukhiqiza yenziwa mathupha.
8. Ithuluzi elikhulu kunawo wonke amamitha angu-2,44. Ubukhulu bensimbi buyi-114 cm, isisindo singama-57 kilogram. Umdondoshiya wahlobisa iGuinness Book of Records ngo-1976. Namuhla, le khophi iwumbukiso waseCzech Museum.
9. I-United States yaqopha irekhodi lenombolo yabadlali be-tuba ku-orchestra: ngo-2007, umculo wenziwa iqembu labaculi abangu-502 ababedlala le nsimbi.
10. Kukhona cishe izinhlobo eziyishumi nambili: i-bass tuba, i-contrabass tuba, i-Kaiser tuba, i-helikon, i-tuba ephindwe kabili, i-tuba ehambayo, i-subcontrabass tuba, i-tomister tuba, i-sousaphone.
11. Imodeli entsha kakhulu eyedijithali, ibukeka njengegramafoni. Isetshenziswa kuma-orchestra edijithali.