Ungawaphatha kanjani amasiginesha ezikhathi ezahlukene?

Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngezinto eziyisisekelo zokuqhuba. Kunjalo, ukuqhuba kuwubuciko obuphelele obufundiswe iminyaka eminingi emakolishi omculo nasezindaweni zokugcinwa kwezincwadi. Kodwa lesi sihloko sizothinta kuphela kusuka onqenqemeni olulodwa. Bonke abaculi kufanele baqhube ngenkathi becula ezifundweni ze-solfeggio, ngakho-ke sizokhuluma ngokuthi sikwenza kanjani.

Izifunda eziyisisekelo zomqhubi

Kukhona izikimu zokuqhuba ezijwayelekile zokusayina isikhathi esilula nesiyinkimbinkimbi. Kunezintathu kuphela zazo - izingxenye ezimbili, ezintathu-izingxenye ezine. Lapho uqhuba, ibhithi ngayinye iboniswa ngegagasi elihlukile lesandla, amabhithi anamandla avame ukuboniswa ngokuthinta phansi.

Emfanekisweni ungabona izikimu ezintathu eziyinhloko zokuqhuba ngesandla sokudla. Izimpawu zezinombolo zibonisa ukulandelana kokuthinta.

Isikimu se-Bipartite iqukethe, ngokulandelana, imivimbo emibili: eyodwa phansi (eceleni), eyesibili phezulu (emuva). Lolu hlelo lufanele ukwenziwa ngosayizi 2/4, 2/8, 2/2, 2/1, 2/16, njll.

Uhlelo lwezingxenye ezintathu iyinhlanganisela yezimpawu ezintathu: phansi, kwesokudla (uma uqhuba ngesandla sakho sobunxele, bese uya kwesokunxele) futhi kuze kufike endaweni yokuqala. Uhlelo lufanele osayizi 3/4, 3/8, 3/2, 3/16, njll.

Isikimu esiphindwe kane iqukethe ukuthinta okune: phansi, kwesokunxele, kwesokudla naphezulu. Uma uqhuba izandla ezimbili ngasikhathi sinye, khona-ke "ezimbili", okungukuthi, engxenyeni yesibili, izandla zesokudla nesobunxele ziya komunye nomunye, futhi "ezintathu" zihlukana ngezindlela ezihlukene, ekugcineni. ahlangana afinyelele iphuzu elilodwa.

Ukuqhuba amamitha ayinkimbinkimbi

Uma kukhona amabhithi amaningi kubha, khona-ke amasiginesha esikhathi anjalo angena esikimini sezigqi ezintathu noma ezine ngokuphindwa kabili kokunye ukuthinta. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengomthetho, leyo mivimbo eseduze nesabelo esinamandla siphindwe kabili. Njengesibonelo, ngingathanda ukunikeza izikimu zamasayizi afana no-6/8, 5/4 no-9/8. Ake sisho amagama ambalwa ngakunye.

Usayizi 6/8 - okuyinkimbinkimbi (ukwakheka 3/8 + 3/8), ukuze uyiqhube udinga ukuthinta okuyisithupha. Lezi zimpawu eziyisithupha zilingana nephethini ephindwe kane, lapho ukunyakaza phansi nakwesokudla kuphindwe kabili.

Uyini umqondo wokuphindaphinda kabili? Iqukethe lokhu okulandelayo. Uhlelo lokuqala lwe-4/4, njengokungathi, luhlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili: ukuthinta okubili kokuqala (phansi nakwesokunxele) kungokokuqala 3/8, futhi ukuthinta okubili okulandelayo (kwesokudla naphezulu), ngokulandelana, kuwela phezu ingxenye yesibili yebha, eyesibili 3/8. Njengomthetho ojwayelekile, udinga ukuphinda kabili ama-beats aqinile futhi aqinile, awela nje ekuqaleni kwalezi zingxenye ezimbili zesikimu se-four-beat.

Ngakho-ke, esikhathini sika-6/8, “okukodwa nambili” kubhekiselwa phansi, “okuthathu” kuqondiswe kwesokunxele (uma ngesandla sokudla), “okune nesihlanu” kuyibhithi elinamandla ngokuphindwe kabili, kuyaboniswa. kwesokudla, futhi “isithupha” iqedela uhlelo ngokunyakazisa umzimba.

Usayizi 5/4 ikhona, njengoba sekushiwo kakade, ezinguqulweni ezimbili, ngakho-ke, kunezinhlelo ezimbili ezihlukene zokuqhuba le mitha. Zombili zingena esikimini esikhulu esinezingxenye ezine futhi zihluka kuphela ekuphindaphindeni kokukodwa kokuthinta. Uma u-5/4 u3d 4/2 + 4/5, khona-ke ukushwibeka phansi kuphindwe kabili, okokuqala. Uma, ngokuphambene nalokho, 4/2 u4d 3/4 + XNUMX/XNUMX, khona-ke kulokhu udinga ukuphinda kabili ukuthinta kwesokudla, okuwela esabelweni esinamandla.

Usayizi 9/8 futhi kubhekwa njengokuyinkimbinkimbi, kwakhiwa ukuphindaphinda kathathu ngesilinganiso sesiginesha yesikhathi esi-3/8 esilula. Ngokungafani namanye amamitha ayinkimbinkimbi, iqhutshwa ngephethini enezingxenye ezintathu, lapho i-stroke ngayinye imane iphindwe kathathu. Futhi izinguquko zokuthinta (kwesokudla naphezulu) kuleli cala ngesikhathi esisodwa zibonisa amabhithi aqinile.

Imemo ngokuqhuba izikimu

Ukuze izikimu eziqhutshwayo zingakhohlwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kanye nokuphindaphinda kwazo ngokushesha uma kunesidingo, siphakamisa ukuthi uzilande noma uzibhale kabusha imemo encane enezinhlelo eziyinhloko ngokwakho.

UHLELO LOKUPHATHA – LANDA

Zisebenza kanjani izandla lapho uqhuba?

Sizophinde sikutshele mayelana nezinye izici zobuchwepheshe zokuqhuba.

UMZUZWANA 1. Ungaqhuba ngesandla esisodwa noma ezimbili. Imvamisa, ezifundweni ze-solfeggio, ngiqhuba ngesandla esisodwa sokudla, kwesinye isikhathi ngesokunxele (badlala umculo ophiyano kwesokudla ngalesi sikhathi).

UMZUZWANA 2. Lapho uqhuba ngezandla zombili ngesikhathi esifanayo, izandla kufanele zihambe emfanekisweni wesibuko maqondana nomunye nomunye. Okusho ukuthi, isibonelo, uma isandla sokudla siya kwesokudla, bese isandla sobunxele siya kwesokunxele. Ngamanye amazwi, bahlala behamba bebheke kolunye uhlangothi: noma bahluka ngezindlela ezihlukene, noma, ngokuphambene, bayahlangana futhi baqonde komunye nomunye.

UMZUZWANA 3. Ekuqhubeni yonke ingalo evela ehlombe kufanele ibambe iqhaza (ngezinye izikhathi ukuphakama nakakhulu ukusuka kukholomu kanye nehlombe lehlombe) futhi kuya eminweni. Kodwa ukunyakaza okuhlukahlukene kuyisici kuphela semisebenzi yabaqhubi abaqeqeshiwe be-orchestra noma i-choir. Ekilasini le-solfeggio, kwanele ukukhombisa ngokucacile uhlelo, ngaleyo ndlela uzisize ukucula ngesigqi.

UMZUZWANA 4. Lapho uqhuba ama-scheme alula, i-forearm (ulna) iphenduka iselula kakhulu, yiyona ethatha ukunyakaza okuningi - iholela yonke ingalo phansi, ezinhlangothini noma phezulu. Uma uhamba ohlangothini, i-forearm isiza ngenkuthalo ihlombe (i-humerus), isuka emzimbeni noma isondele kuyo.

UMZUZWANA 5. Uma uhambela phezulu, kubalulekile ukuthi i-forearm ingawi phansi kakhulu, indawo ephansi yemvelo yilapho i-angle elungile yenza phakathi kwe-forearm nehlombe.

UMZUZWANA 6. Ngesikhathi sokuqhuba, isandla singaphendula ukunyakaza okuyinhloko kanye nentwasahlobo kancane kancane, ngenkathi sishintsha isiqondiso sokuthinta, isandla ngosizo lwesihlakala singaphenduka kancane ekuqondeni kokunyakaza (njengokungathi sisebenza njengesondo lokuqondisa) .

UMZUZWANA 7. Ukunyakaza sekukonke akufanele kube lukhuni futhi kuqondile, kudinga ukuzungeza, konke ukuphenduka kufanele kube bushelelezi.

Ukuqhuba izivivinyo kumasiginesha wesikhathi esingu-2/4 no-3/4

Ukuze uzijwayeze amakhono okuqhuba aphansi, landela izivivinyo ezilula eziphakanyisiwe. Omunye wabo uzonikezwa usayizi 2/4, omunye - iphethini lezintathu.

ISIVIVINYO №1 “AMAKANE AMABILI”. Isibonelo, sizothatha izilinganiso ezi-4 zomculo ngesikhathi esingu-2/4. Naka isigqi, lapha silula kakhulu - ikakhulukazi amanothi ekota kanye nohhafu wesikhathi ekugcineni. Ubude bekota bufaneleka ngoba bulinganisa ukushaya kwenhliziyo futhi kungalesi sikhathi lapho ukuthinta ngakunye kusikimu somqhubi silingana naso.

Kunamanothi amabili ekota esilinganisweni sokuqala: DO kanye ne-RE. I-DO isigqi sokuqala, esiqinile, sizoyiqhuba ngokunyakazisa phansi (noma emaceleni). Qaphela i-PE iyisigqi sesibili, esibuthakathaka, isandla ngesikhathi sokuqhuba kwayo sizokwenza ukunyakaza okuphambene - phezulu. Ezinyathelweni ezilandelayo, iphethini yesigqi iyafana, ngakho kuzoba nobudlelwano obufana ncamashi phakathi kwamanothi nokunyakaza kwezandla.

Esilinganisweni sokugcina, sesine, sibona inothi elilodwa elithi DO, liyingxenye yobude balo, okungukuthi, lithatha kokubili amabhithi ngesikhathi esisodwa - isilinganiso sonke. Ngakho-ke, leli nothi le-DO linemivimbo emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa, udinga ukwenza isilinganiso esigcwele elikuso.

ISIVIVINYO №2 “AMAKANE AMATHATHU”. Kulokhu, izilinganiso ezi-4 zomculo esikhathini esingu-3/4 zinikezwa ukuze zifundwe. Isigqi siphinde sibuswe ngamanothi ekota, ngakho-ke amanothi ekota yesithathu ezilinganisweni ezintathu zokuqala kufanele awele kalula emivimbo emithathu yohlelo.

Isibonelo, esilinganisweni sokuqala, amanothi athi DO, PE kanye ne-MI azosatshalaliswa ngokulandela uhlelo ngendlela elandelayo: DO - ukuze ubheke phansi, PE - ukunyakaza uye kwesokudla, kanye ne-MI - ngokubonisa isigqi sokugcina umnyakazo oya phezulu.

Esilinganisweni sokugcina - inothi elinguhhafu elinechashaza. Ngokuphathelene nobude besikhathi, bathatha isilinganiso esiphelele, izingxenye ezintathu kwezine, ngakho-ke, ukuze siqhube, kuzodingeka senze yonke iminyakazo emithathu yohlelo.

Ungakuchazela kanjani ukuqhutshwa kwengane?

Emakilasini anezingane, into enzima kakhulu ukwethula uhlelo, khumbula ukunyakaza futhi okungenani uzijwayeze kancane. Isixazululo salezi zinkinga singasizwa ngokusebenzisana nezinhlangano ezingokomfanekiso.

Ake sithi, uma sifunda uhlelo lwe-2/4 lokuqhuba, khona-ke ukujiya ngakunye kudinga ukunqunywa ngobuciko ngandlela thile. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuchaza ukuthinta, udinga ukuthola ukunyakaza okufanayo noma ukuzwa okuvela ekuphileni osekujwayele kakade kumntwana. Ngokwesibonelo, mayelana nesenzo esibheke phansi esibonisa ngaso isigqi esinamandla, singasho ukuthi kunjengokungathi siphulula ikati elihlezi kusukela ekhanda kuye emsileni. Futhi mayelana nesenzo esiqondiswe kolunye uhlangothi, sithi sidonsa inaliti ngentambo ende. Noma, isibonelo, mayelana nalo lonke uhlelo, singasho ukuthi yisandla sethu esigibela i-swing (incazelo ye-semicircle).

Uma sikhuluma ngosayizi we-3/4, khona-ke ukunyakaza ngakunye kungachazwa ngokwehlukana. Ukuya phansi kufana nokudlala ibhola lomnqakiswano noma ukunyakaza okunjalo lapho sidonsa insimbi entanjeni. Ukuya kwesokudla - ogwini sikha isihlabathi ngezandla zethu noma sisusa utshani obude otshanini ngezandla zethu. Ukukhuphuka - sidonsa inaliti efanayo kanye nentambo noma siqalise i-ladybug ehlezi emunweni wenkomba ekundizeni.

Ekwazini ukuphatha kahle izingane, njengasekufundeni ukuphawula komculo, kubalulekile ukukhuphula njalo izinga lobunzima bemisebenzi. Okokuqala, ungakwazi ukubona ukushaya kwenhliziyo ngosayizi ngomculo kuphela - ngendlebe futhi lapho udlala insimbi, bese ubheka ngokuhlukile ukuthinta kombhidisi, bese kuthi-ke ekugcineni, uxhume isandla sakho ngokucula.

Kulokhu sizokwehlisa ijubane okwamanje. Uma lesi sifundo besiwusizo kuwe, sicela utshele abangani bakho ngaso. Izinkinobho zenethiwekhi yokuxhumana nabantu, ezitholakala ngezansi nje ekhasini, zizokusiza kulokhu.