U-Enrico Caruso (Enrico Caruso) |

U-Enrico Caruso

“Wayene-Order of the Legion of Honor kanye ne-English Victorian Order, i-Order yaseJalimane yoKhozi Olubomvu kanye nendondo yegolide eribhoni likaFrederick Omkhulu, i-Order of Officer of the Crown of Italy, i-oda laseBelgium nelaseSpain. , ngisho nesithonjana sesosha emholweni wesiliva, owawubizwa ngokuthi "I-Order of St. Nicholas" yaseRussia, ama-diamond cufflinks - isipho esivela ku-Emperor of All Russia, ibhokisi legolide elivela ku-Duke of Vendome, amarubi namadayimane avela esiNgisini. inkosi ... - kubhala u-A. Filippov. “Imigilingwane yakhe kusakhulunywa ngayo nanamuhla. Omunye wabaculi walahlekelwa amabhulukwe akhe oleyisi ngesikhathi sokucula, kodwa wakwazi ukuwashova ngaphansi kombhede ngonyawo lwakhe. Wajabula isikhashana. UCaruso waphakamisa ibhulukwe lakhe, waliqondisa futhi ngomnsalo womkhosi waletha intokazi … Ihholo laqhuma uhleko. Ukuze uthole isidlo sakusihlwa nenkosi yaseSpain, weza ne-pasta yakhe, eqinisekisa ukuthi babenambitheka kakhulu, wamema izivakashi ukuthi zizonambitha. Emcimbini wokwamukela uhulumeni, wahalalisela uMongameli wase-United States ngala mazwi: “Ngiyajabula ngawe, Mhlonishwa, ucishe ufane njengami.” NgesiNgisi, wayazi amagama ambalwa kuphela, okwakwaziwa abambalwa kakhulu: ngenxa yobuciko bakhe nokubiza kahle amagama, wayehlala ephuma kalula esimweni esinzima. Kukanye kuphela lapho ukungazi ulimi kwaholela elukulukuni lokufuna ukwazi: umculi watshelwa ngokufa okuzumayo komngane wakhe, uCaruso agcwala injabulo futhi wababaza ngenjabulo: “Kuyajabulisa, lapho umbona, bingelela kimi. !"

Washiya cishe izigidi eziyisikhombisa (ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka lena imali crazy), izigodi e-Italy naseMelika, izindlu eziningana e-United States naseYurophu, ukuqoqwa kwezinhlamvu zemali eziyivelakancane nezinto zakudala, amakhulu amasudi abizayo (ngamunye weza. ngamabhuzu ama-lacquered).

Futhi nakhu umculi wasePoland uJ. Vaida-Korolevich, owacula nomculi ohlakaniphile, akubhalayo: “U-Enrico Caruso, umNtaliyane owazalelwa futhi wakhulela eNaples yemilingo, ezungezwe imvelo emangalisayo, isibhakabhaka sase-Italy kanye nelanga elikhipha umkhovu etsheni. ithatheka kalula, iyashesha futhi iyashesha ukucasuka. Amandla ethalente lakhe ayenziwe izici ezintathu eziyinhloko: eyokuqala iyizwi elishisayo elishisayo, elivuthayo elingenakuqhathaniswa nanoma yiliphi elinye. Ubuhle be-timbre yakhe babungekho ekulinganeni komsindo, kodwa, ngokuphambene nalokho, ngokucebile nokuhlukahluka kwemibala. UCaruso uzwakalise yonke imizwa nezinto azizwile ngezwi lakhe - ngezinye izikhathi kwakubonakala sengathi umdlalo nesiteji kwakungafaneleki kuye. Isici sesibili sethalenta likaCaruso yiphalethi yemizwa, imizwa, ama-nuances angokwengqondo ekuculeni, okungenamkhawulo ekucebeni kwayo; ekugcineni, isici sesithathu ithalenta lakhe elikhulu, elizenzakalelayo futhi enganakile. Ngibhala “i-subconscious” ngoba izithombe zakhe zasesiteji zazingewona umphumela wokucophelela, umsebenzi onzima, azizange zicwengwe futhi ziqedwe emininingwaneni emincane kakhulu, kodwa njengokungathi zazalwa ngokushesha zisuka enhliziyweni yakhe eshisayo eseningizimu.

U-Enrico Caruso wazalwa ngoFebhuwari 24, 1873 emaphethelweni eNaples, endaweni yaseSan Giovanello, emndenini wekilasi labasebenzi. “Kusukela eneminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye, waqala ukucula, futhi i-contralto yakhe emnandi yakhanga ngokushesha,” kukhumbula uCaruso kamuva. Imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala yenzeke eduze nasekhaya esontweni elincane laseSan Giovanello. Waphothula esikoleni samabanga aphansi Enrico kuphela. Mayelana nokuqeqeshwa komculo, wathola ulwazi oluncane oludingekayo emkhakheni womculo nokucula, aluthola kothisha bendawo.

Esemusha, u-Enrico wangena embonini lapho uyise ayesebenza khona. Kodwa waqhubeka nokucula, okuyinto nokho, okungamangazi e-Italy. UCaruso waze wabamba iqhaza emkhiqizweni weshashalazi - i-farce yomculo ethi The Robbers in the Garden of Don Raffaele.

Enye indlela yeCaruso ichazwa ngu-A. Filippov:

“E-Italy ngaleso sikhathi, kwabhaliswa abadlali abangu-360 bekilasi lokuqala, abangama-44 kubo ababebhekwa njengabadumile. Amakhulu amaningana abaculi bezinga eliphansi baphefumulela ngemuva emakhanda abo. Ngomncintiswano onjalo, uCaruso wayenamathemba ambalwa: kungenzeka ukuthi impilo yakhe yayizohlala emijondolo enenqwaba yezingane ezibulawa yindlala kanye nomsebenzi wokucula yedwa emgwaqweni, ephethe isigqoko esandleni sakhe edlula abalaleli. Kodwa-ke, njengoba kuvame ukuba njalo kumanoveli, uMhlonishwa uChance wasiza.

Ku-opera ethi The Friend of Francesco, edlalwa umthandi womculo uMorelli ngezindleko zakhe, uCaruso waba nethuba lokudlala ubaba osekhulile (i-tenor eneminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha ubudala yacula ingxenye yendodana yakhe). Futhi wonke umuntu wezwa ukuthi izwi elithi "ubaba" lihle kakhulu kunalelo "lendodana". Ngokushesha u-Enrico wamenywa eqenjini lase-Italy, ehambela eCairo. Lapho, uCaruso wadlula “ubhapathizo lomlilo” olunzima (kwenzeka ukuba acule engayazi indima, enamathisela ishidi elinombhalo ngemuva komlingani wakhe) futhi okokuqala ngqa wathola imali ehloniphekile, eqa ngokudumile nabadansi. yombukiso wendawo ohlukahlukene. UCaruso wabuyela ehhotela ekuseni egibele imbongolo, egcwele udaka: edakiwe, wawela eNayile futhi waphunyuka ngokuyisimangaliso engwenya. Idili elijabulisayo laliyisiqalo nje "sohambo olude" - ngenkathi evakashele eSicily, waya esiteji ephuzile, esikhundleni sokuthi "isiphetho" wahlabelela "gulba" (ngesiNtaliyane nabo bangongwaqa), futhi lokhu cishe kubiza. umsebenzi wakhe.

E-Livorno, ucula i-Pagliatsev ka-Leoncavallo - impumelelo yokuqala, isimemo sokuya eMilan kanye nendima yesibalo saseRussia esinegama lesi-Slavic elingu-Boris Ivanov ku-opera ka-Giordano ethi "Fedora" ... "

Ukutuswa kwabagxeki kwakungenamingcele: “Omunye wezingoma ezinhle kakhulu esake sazizwa!” UMilan wamukele umculi, owayengaziwa enhloko-dolobha ye-operatic yase-Italy.

Ngo-January 15, 1899, iPetersburg kakade isiyizwile iCaruso okokuqala eLa Traviata. UCaruso, enamahloni futhi ethintwa ukwamukelwa okufudumele, ephendula izilaleli eziningi zaseRussia, wathi: “O, ungangibongi – ngiyabonga uVerdi!” "UCaruso ubeyi-Radamès emangalisayo, owavusa ukunaka kwawo wonke umuntu ngezwi lakhe elihle, ngenxa yokuthi umuntu angacabanga ukuthi lo mculi maduzane uzoba ohlwini lokuqala lwabadlali besimanje abavelele," kubhala umgxeki u-NF ekubuyekezeni kwakhe. Solovyov.

Ukusuka eRussia, uCaruso waya phesheya kwezilwandle waya eBuenos Aires; bese ecula eRoma naseMilan. Ngemuva kwempumelelo emangalisayo eLa Scala, lapho uCaruso acula khona ku-L'elisir d'amore kaDonizetti, ngisho no-Arturo Toscanini, owayencisha kakhulu udumo, waqhuba i-opera, akakwazanga ukuyimela futhi, egone uCaruso, wathi. "Nkulunkulu wami! Uma lo Neapolitan eqhubeka ecula kanjalo, uzokwenza umhlaba wonke ukhulume ngaye!”

Ngobusuku bukaNovemba 23, 1903, uCaruso wenza umdlalo wakhe wokuqala waseNew York eMetropolitan Theatre. Wacula ku-Rigoletto. Umculi odumile unqoba umphakathi waseMelika ngokushesha naphakade. Umqondisi wemidlalo yaseshashalazini kwakungu-Enri Ebey, owasayina ngokushesha inkontileka neCaruso unyaka wonke.

Lapho uGiulio Gatti-Casazza waseFerrara kamuva eba umqondisi weMetropolitan Theatre, imali kaCaruso yaqala ukukhula kancane njalo ngonyaka. Ngenxa yalokho, wathola okuningi kangangokuthi ezinye izinkundla zemidlalo yeshashalazi emhlabeni azibange zisakwazi ukuncintisana nabaseNew York.

Umkhuzi uGiulio Gatti-Casazza uqondise iMetropolitan Theatre iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu. Wayenobuqili futhi ehlakaniphile. Futhi uma ngezinye izikhathi kwakunezibabazo zokuthi imali ekhokhwayo eyizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amane, ezingamashumi amahlanu zama-lire ngokudlala okukodwa yayiyeqile, ukuthi akekho noyedwa umculi emhlabeni owathola imali enjalo, khona-ke umqondisi wavele wahleka kancane.

Wathi: “I-Caruso iyinani elincane kakhulu le-impresario, ngakho-ke ayikho imali engaba nkulu kuye.”

Futhi wayeqinisile. Ngenkathi i-Caruso ibamba iqhaza ekusebenzeni, ihhovisi linyuse amanani amathikithi ngokubona kwalo. Kwavela abahwebi abathenga amathikithi nganoma iyiphi intengo, base bewathengisa kabusha kathathu, kane ngisho nangezikhathi eziyishumi ngaphezulu!

“EMelika, uCaruso wayehlale ephumelela kusukela ekuqaleni,” kubhala uV. Tortorelli. Ithonya lakhe emphakathini lalikhula usuku nosuku. Umlando weMetropolitan Theatre uthi akekho omunye umculi owaba nempumelelo enjengale lapha. Ukuvela kwegama likaCaruso emaphosta kwakuhlale kunomcimbi omkhulu edolobheni. Kubangele izinkinga kubaphathi betiyetha: ihholo elikhulu lemidlalo yaseshashalazini alikwazanga ukuhlalisa wonke umuntu. Kwakudingekile ukuvula indawo yeshashalazi amahora amabili, amathathu, noma amane ngaphambi kokuqala komdlalo, ukuze izethameli ezinolaka zegalari zihlale phansi ngokuthula. Kwaphela ngokuthi inkundla yemidlalo yakusihlwa ngokuhlanganyela kweCaruso yaqala ukuvulwa ngehora leshumi ekuseni. Izibukeli ezinezikhwama nobhasikidi abagcwele ukudla zazihlala ezindaweni ezikahle kakhulu. Cishe emahoreni ayishumi nambili ngaphambili, abantu beza ukuzozwa izwi lomculi, elithakathayo (imidlalo yayiqala ngehora lesishiyagalolunye ebusuku).

UCaruso ubematasa ne-Met phakathi nesizini kuphela; ekupheleni kwawo, waya kwezinye izikhungo eziningi ze-opera, ezamvimbezela ngezimemo. Lapho kuphela umculi engazange enze: eCuba, eMexico City, eRio de Janeiro naseBuffalo.

Ngokwesibonelo, kusukela ngo-October 1912, Caruso wenza uhambo olukhulu emadolobheni aseYurophu: wacula eHungary, eSpain, eFrance, eNgilandi naseHolland. Kula mazwe, njengaseNyakatho neNingizimu Melika, wayelindelwe ukwamukelwa ngentshiseko kwezilaleli ezijabulayo nezithuthumelayo.

Ngesinye isikhathi uCaruso wacula ku-opera ethi "Carmen" esiteji sethiyetha "Colon" eBuenos Aires. Ekupheleni kwe-arioso kaJose, kwazwakala amanothi angamanga ku-orchestra. Bahlala bengabonwa umphakathi, kodwa abazange babaleke ku-conductor. Eshiya i-console, yena, eduze kwakhe ngokucasuka, waya ku-orchestra ngenhloso yokukhuza. Nokho, umqhubi waphawula ukuthi abaningi abacula yedwa be-orchestra babekhala, futhi abazange balokothe ​​basho lutho. Enamahloni, wabuyela esihlalweni. Futhi nansi imibono ye-impresario mayelana nalokhu kusebenza, eshicilelwe ku-Follia yamasonto onke yaseNew York:

“Kuze kube manje, bengicabanga ukuthi izinga lama-lira angu-35 uCaruso ayelicelile ukuze alicule ngobusuku obubodwa lalidlulele, kodwa manje nginesiqiniseko sokuthi kumculi ongakafinyeleli nhlobo, akukho sinxephezelo esingaba ngokweqisa. Letha izinyembezi kubaculi! Cabanga ngakho! I-Orpheus!

Impumelelo yeza kuCaruso hhayi nje ngenxa yezwi lakhe eliwumlingo. Wayewazi kahle amaqembu nabalingani bakhe emdlalweni. Lokhu kwamvumela ukuba aqonde kangcono umsebenzi nezinhloso zomqambi futhi aphile ngokuphila esiteji. “Eshashalazini ngimane ngingumculi nomlingisi,” kusho uCaruso, “kodwa ukuze ngibonise umphakathi ukuthi angiyena oyedwa noma omunye, kodwa umlingisi wangempela owaqanjwa umqambi, kufanele ngicabange futhi ngizizwe. njengalo muntu ebengimcabanga umqambi”.

Disemba 24, 1920 Caruso wadlala amakhulu ayisithupha nesikhombisa, futhi okokugcina, ukusebenza kwe-opera e-Metropolitan. Umculi wazizwa kabi kakhulu: phakathi nawo wonke umdlalo wabhekana nobuhlungu obukhulu, obuhlabayo ohlangothini lwakhe, wayenomkhuhlane kakhulu. Ecela usizo kuye wonke, wacula izingoma ezinhlanu zendodakazi kaKhadinali. Naphezu kokugula okunonya, umculi omkhulu waqhubeka esiteji ngokuqinile nangokuzethemba. AbaseMelika ababehlezi ehholo, bengazi ngenhlekelele yakhe, bashaya ihlombe ngokufutheka, bamemeza "encore", bengasoli ukuthi babezwile iculo lokugcina lomnqobi wezinhliziyo.

UCaruso waya e-Italy futhi walwa nalesi sifo ngesibindi, kodwa ngo-August 2, 1921, umculi washona.