Zakhary Petrovych Paliashvili (Zachary Paliashvili) |

Zachary Paliashvili

U-Zakhary Paliashvili ube ngowokuqala emculweni okhokhelwayo ukuvula izimfihlo zamandla omculo wamakhulu eminyaka wabantu baseGeorgia ngamandla amangalisayo nesilinganiso futhi abuyisele la mandla kubantu… A. Tsulukidze

U-Z. Paliashvili ubizwa ngokuthi i-classic enkulu yomculo wesi-Georgian, eqhathanisa ukubaluleka kwakhe esikweni lesiGeorgia nendima ka-M. Glinka emculweni wesiRashiya. Imisebenzi yakhe ihlanganisa umoya wabantu baseGeorgia, abagcwele uthando lokuphila nesifiso esingenakuphikwa senkululeko. I-Paliashvili yabeka izisekelo zolimi lomculo lukazwelonke, ngokuhlanganisa isitayela sezinhlobo ezahlukene zezingoma zabalimi (i-Gurian, i-Megrelian, i-Imeretian, i-Svan, i-Kartalino-Kakhetian), inganekwane yasemadolobheni kanye nezindlela zobuciko ze-choral epic yaseGeorgia ngamasu okuqamba Umculo waseNtshonalanga Yurophu naseRussia. Okwathele izithelo kakhulu ku-Paliashvili kwaba ukufana kwamasiko okudala anothe kakhulu abaqambi be-The Mighty Handful. Njengoba usemsuka womculo okhokhelwayo waseGeorgia, umsebenzi kaPaliashvili uhlinzeka ngesixhumanisi esiqondile nesiphilayo phakathi kwawo nobuciko bomculo baseSoviet baseGeorgia.

UPaliashvili wazalelwa eKutaisi emndenini wekwaya yesonto, izingane ezingu-6 zazo ezingu-18 zaba ngabaculi abaqeqeshiwe. Kusukela esemncane, uZachary wayecula ekwayeni, edlala i-harmonium phakathi nezinkonzo zesonto. Uthisha wakhe wokuqala womculo kwakungumculi weKutaisi uF. Mizandari, futhi ngemva kokuba umndeni uthuthele eTiflis ngo-1887, umfowabo omdala u-Ivan, kamuva owayengumqhubi odumile, wafunda naye. Impilo yomculo kaTiflis yaqhubeka ngokujulile ngaleyo minyaka. Igatsha le-Tiflis le-RMO kanye nesikole somculo ngo-1882-93. ephethwe uM. Ippolitov-Ivanov, P. Tchaikovsky nabanye abaculi baseRussia babevame ukuza namakhonsathi. Umsebenzi wekhonsathi othakazelisayo wenziwa yi-Georgian Choir, ehlelwe ngumthandi womculo waseGeorgia L. Agniashvili. Kungale minyaka lapho kwasungulwa isikole sikazwelonke sabaqambi.

Abameleli bayo abaqhakazile - abaculi abasha uM. Balanchivadze, N. Sulkhanishvili, D. Arakishvili, Z. Paliashvili baqala umsebenzi wabo ngokutadisha umlando womculo. U-Paliashvili waya ezindaweni ezikude kakhulu futhi okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo e-Georgia, cishe wayeqopha. 300 izingoma zesintu. Umphumela walo msebenzi kamuva washicilelwa (1910) iqoqo lezingoma zomdabu zaseGeorgia ezingama-40 ekuvumelaneni kwesintu.

U-Paliashvili wathola imfundo yakhe yobungcweti okokuqala eTiflis Musical College (1895-99) ekilasini lethiyori yophondo nomculo, wabe eseya eMoscow Conservatory ngaphansi kuka-S. Taneyev. Lapho eseMoscow, wahlela ikhwaya yabafundi baseGeorgia ababecula izingoma zesintu emakhonsathini.

Lapho ebuyela eTiflis, uPaliashvili waqala umsebenzi onesiphepho. Wafundisa esikoleni somculo, endaweni yokuzivocavoca, lapho enza khona ikhwaya kanye ne-orchestra yezintambo yabafundi. Ngo-1905, wabamba iqhaza ekusungulweni kwe-Georgian Philharmonic Society, wayengumqondisi wesikole somculo kulo mphakathi (1908-17), ama-operas aqhutshwa abaqambi baseYurophu ahlelwe okokuqala ngesiGeorgia. Lo msebenzi omkhulu waqhubeka ngemva kokuvukela umbuso. UPaliashvili wayenguprofesa nomqondisi we-Tbilisi Conservatory eminyakeni ehlukene (1919, 1923, 1929-32).

Ngo-1910, i-Paliashvili yaqala ukusebenza ku-opera yokuqala ethi Abisalom no-Eteri, i-Premiere lapho ngo-February 21, 1919 yaba isenzakalo esibalulekile ezweni. Isisekelo se-libretto, esakhiwe uthisha odumile waseGeorgia kanye nomuntu ovela emphakathini u-P. Mirianashvili, kwakuwubuciko bobuciko bezinganekwane zaseGeorgia, i-Eteriani yamaqhawe, inkondlo ephefumulelwe ngothando oluhlanzekile noluphakeme. (Ubuciko baseGeorgia buye bamncenga ngokuphindaphindiwe, ikakhulukazi imbongi enkulu yesizwe u-V. Pshavela.) Uthando luyindikimba yaphakade futhi enhle! I-Paliashvili iyinikeza isilinganiso sedrama eyingqopha-mlando, ethatha ingoma eyisikhumbuzo yamakwaya yase-Kartalo-Kakhetian kanye nemiculo ka-Svan njengesisekelo sokufana kwayo komculo. Izigcawu ezinwetshiwe zamakhwaya zenza i-monolithic architectonics, izixhumanisi ezivusa amadlingozi nezikhumbuzo ezibabazekayo zezakhiwo zasendulo zaseGeorgia, kanye nezibuko zemicikilisho zisikhumbuza amasiko emikhosi yezwe yasendulo. I-melos yaseGeorgia ayigcini nje ngomculo, idala umbala oyingqayizivele, kodwa futhi ithatha imisebenzi eyinhloko ephawulekayo ku-opera.

Ngo-December 19, 1923, kwadlalwa okokuqala ngqa i-opera yesibili kaPaliashvili ethi Daisi (Twilight, lib. yombhali wemidlalo yaseGeorgia u-V. Gunia) e-Tbilisi. Isenzo senzeka ngekhulu le-1927. enkathini yomzabalazo wokulwa neLezgins futhi iqukethe, kanye nomugqa ohamba phambili womculo wothando, izigcawu eziningi ze-heroic-patriotic mass. I-opera ivela njengochungechunge lweziqephu ezinezingoma, ezimangalisayo, zobuqhawe, zansuku zonke, eziheha ngobuhle bomculo, okuhlanganisa ngokwemvelo izendlalelo ezihluke kakhulu zezinganekwane zabalimi baseGeorgia kanye nezasemadolobheni. U-Paliashvili waqeda i-opera yakhe yesithathu neyokugcina ethi Latavra ngesakhiwo sobuqhawe-izwe elisekelwe emdlalweni ka-S. Shanshiashvili ngo-10. Ngakho, i-opera yayiphakathi kwezithakazelo zokudala zomqambi, nakuba uPaliashvili ebhala umculo nakwezinye izinhlobo. Ungumbhali wezinombolo zothando, izingoma zamakwaya, phakathi kwazo okukhona nengoma ethi "To the Anniversary 1928th of Soviet Power". Ngisho nangesikhathi enza izifundo zakhe e-conservatory, wabhala izandulela ezimbalwa, i-sonatas, kwathi ngo-XNUMX, ngokususelwa kunganekwane yaseGeorgia, wakha “i-Georgian Suite” ye-orchestra. Futhi nokho kwakuyi-opera lapho ukusesha okubaluleke kakhulu kwezobuciko kwenziwa, amasiko omculo wesizwe akhiwa.

I-Paliashvili ingcwatshwe engadini ye-Tbilisi Opera House, ebizwa ngegama lakhe. Ngalokhu, abantu baseGeorgia bazwakalisa inhlonipho ejulile ngezigaba zakudala zobuciko be-opera kazwelonke.

O. Averyanova