UMario Lanza (Mario Lanza) |

mario lance

"Leli yizwi elingcono kakhulu lekhulu lesi-XNUMX!" - U-Arturo Toscanini wake wathi lapho ezwa uLanz endimeni kaDuke eRigoletto kaVerdi esiteji seMetropolitan Opera. Ngempela, umculi wayene-tenor emangalisayo ye-velvet timbre.

UMario Lanza (igama langempela u-Alfredo Arnold Cocozza) wazalwa ngoJanuwari 31, 1921 ePhiladelphia emndenini wase-Italy. UFreddie waba nentshisekelo emculweni we-opera kusenesikhathi. Ngalalela ngenjabulo futhi ngabamba ngekhanda okurekhodiwe okwenziwa izingcweti zamazwi zase-Italy ezivela eqoqweni elicebile likababa. Nokho, ngaphezu komfana ngaleso sikhathi wayethanda imidlalo nontanga. Kodwa, ngokusobala, kukhona okwakusezakhini zofuzo zakhe. U-El de Palma, umnikazi wesitolo kuVine Street ePhiladelphia, uyakhumbula: “Ngikhumbula ngobunye ubusuku. Uma inkumbulo yami ingisebenzela kahle, kwakungonyaka wamashumi amathathu nesishiyagalolunye. Kwaqubuka isiphepho sangempela ePhiladelphia. Idolobha lalimbozwe yiqhwa. Yonke into imhlophe-mhlophe. Ngikhumbula ibha. Angithembi izivakashi ... Bese kuvuleka umnyango; Ngiyabheka futhi angiwakholwa amehlo ami: umngane wami osemusha u-Alfredo Cocozza ngokwakhe. Konke kuqhwa, okungaphansi kwesigqoko setilosi esiluhlaza nejezi eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kubonakala kancane. UFreddie unenqwaba ezandleni zakhe. Engasho lutho, wangena wajula endaweni yokudlela, wahlala ekhoneni elifudumele kakhulu waqala ukudlala amarekhodi noCaruso noRuffo ... Engakubona kwangimangaza: UFreddie wayekhala, elalele umculo ... Wahlala kanjalo isikhathi eside. Phakathi kwamabili, ngamemeza ngokuqapha kuFreddie ukuthi kwase kuyisikhathi sokuvala isitolo. UFreddie akangizwanga ngase ngilala. Wabuya ekuseni, uFreddie endaweni efanayo. Kuvele ukuthi walalela amarekhodi ubusuku bonke ... Kamuva ngabuza uFreddie ngalobo busuku. Wamamatheka ngamahloni wayesethi, “Signor de Palma, ngangiphatheke kabi kakhulu. Futhi ukhululekile kakhulu. ”…

Ngeke ngisikhohlwe lesi sigameko. Konke kwakubonakala kungavamile kimi ngaleso sikhathi. Phela, uFreddie Cocozza owayehlale ekhona, njengoba ngikhumbula, wayehluke ngokuphelele: edlalayo, eyinkimbinkimbi. Ubehlale enza “izigigaba”. Sambiza ngokuthi uJesse James ngalokho. Wangena esitolo njengohlaka. Uma kukhona ayekudinga, akashongo, kodwa wacula isicelo ... Ngandlela thize weza ... Kimi kwakubonakala sengathi uFreddie wayekhathazeke kakhulu ngokuthile. Njengenhlalayenza, wacula isicelo sakhe. Ngamjikijela ingilazi ka-ayisikhilimu. UFreddie wayibamba empukaneni wabe esecula ngokuncokola: “Uma uyiNkosi Yezingulube, ngizoba iNkosi yabahlabeleli!”

Uthisha wokuqala kaFreddie kwakunguGiovanni Di Sabato othile. Wayeneminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi ayisishiyagalombili. Waqala ukufundisa uFreddie ukufunda nokubhala ngomculo kanye ne-solfeggio. Kwabe sekuba namakilasi no-A. Williams noG. Garnell.

Njengasezimpilweni zabaculi abaningi abaphambili, uFreddie naye waba nenhlanhla yakhe yokuphumula. Lanza uthi:

“Kwake kwadingeka ngisize ekuletheni upiyano nge-oda elatholwa yihhovisi lezokuthutha. Insimbi kwadingeka ilethwe e-Philadelphia Academy of Music. Abaculi abakhulu baseMelika bacula kulesi sikole kusukela ngo-1857. Futhi hhayi iMelika kuphela. Cishe bonke omongameli baseMelika, kusukela ku-Abraham Lincoln, bebekhona lapha futhi bethula izinkulumo zabo ezidumile. Futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho ngidlula kulesi sakhiwo esikhulu, ngangikhumula isigqoko sami.

Ngemva kokumisa upiyano, ngase ngizohamba nabangane bami lapho kungazelelwe ngibona umqondisi we-Philadelphia Forum, uMnumzane William C. Huff, owake wangilalela kumeluleki wami u-Irene Williams. Waphuthuma ukungihlangabeza, kodwa lapho ebona “umsebenzi wami wesikhashana”, wamangala. Ngangigqoke ama-ovaloli, ngiboshwe isikhafu esibomvu entanyeni, isilevu sami sifafazwe ngogwayi - le tshungama eyayisemfashinini ngaleso sikhathi.

“Ufunani lapha, mngane wami omncane?”

– Awuboni? Ngihambisa upiyano.

U-Huff wanikina ikhanda ngokuthuka.

“Awunamahloni nsizwa? Ngezwi elinjalo! Kumelwe sifunde ukucula, futhi singazami ukuhambisa amapiyano.

Ngihleke.

"Ngicela ukubuza, ngayiphi imali?" Abekho osozigidi emndenini wami...

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, umqhubi odumile u-Sergei Koussevitzky wayesanda kuqeda ukuzilolonga ne-Boston Symphony Orchestra e-Great Hall futhi, ejulukile futhi efake ithawula emahlombe akhe, wangena ekamelweni lakhe lokugqoka. UMnu. Huff wangibamba ehlombe wangiphushela ekamelweni eliseduze nelikaKoussevitzky. “Manje cula! wamemeza. “Cula sengathi awukaze ucule!” – “Futhi yini okumele uyicule?” “Noma yini, ngicela usheshe!” Ngakhafula ushingamu ngacula...

Kwadlula isikhathi esincane, futhi umpetha uKoussevitzky wangena ekamelweni lethu.

Likuphi lelozwi? Lelo zwi elimangalisayo? wababaza wangibingelela kamnandi. Washwiba wabheka upiyano futhi wabheka uhla lwami. Futhi, engiqabula ezihlathini zombili ngendlela yasempumalanga, u-maestro, ngaphandle kokungabaza umzuzwana, wangimema ukuba ngihlanganyele eMkhosini Womculo waseBerkshire, owawuba minyaka yonke eTanglewood, Massachusetts. Uphathise ukulungiselela kwami ​​lo mgubho kubaculi abasebasha abasezingeni eliphezulu njengoLeonard Bernstein, Lukas Foss noBoris Goldovsky…”

Ngo-Agasti 7, 1942, lo mculi osemusha waqala ukucula kuMkhosi weTanglewood engxenyeni encane ye-Fenton ku-opera yamahlaya kaNicolai ethi The Merry Wives of Windsor. Ngaleso sikhathi, wayesevele esebenza ngaphansi kwegama likaMario Lanza, ethatha isibongo sikanina njengesibongo.

Ngakusasa, ngisho neNew York Times yabhala ngentshiseko: “Umculi osemusha oneminyaka engamashumi amabili ubudala, uMario Lanza, unekhono elingavamile, nakuba izwi lakhe lingenakho ukuvuthwa nekhono. I-tenor yakhe engenakuqhathaniswa ayifani neze nabaculi besimanje.” Amanye amaphephandaba nawo aminyaniswe yindumiso: “Kusukela ngesikhathi seCaruso akukaze kube khona zwi elinjalo…”, “Isimangaliso esisha sezwi sitholakele…”, “ULanza uyiCaruso yesibili…”, “Inkanyezi entsha yazalwa ngo umkhathi we-opera!”

U-Lanza wabuyela e-Philadelphia egcwele imibono namathemba. Nokho, isimanga sasimlindile: amasamanisi ebutho lezempi e-United States Air Force. Ngakho uLanza wabamba amakhonsathi akhe okuqala phakathi nenkonzo yakhe, phakathi kwabashayeli bezindiza. Lona wakamuva akazange adlule ekuhlolweni kwethalenta lakhe: "I-Caruso ye-aeronautics", "i-Caruso yesibili"!

Ngemva kokuxoshwa kwabantu ngo-1945, uLanza waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe nothisha odumile wase-Italy u-E. Rosati. Manje waba nesithakazelo ngempela ekuculeni futhi waqala ukulungiselela sina umsebenzi womculi we-opera.

NgoJulayi 8, 1947, uLanza waqala ukuvakashela amadolobha ase-USA naseCanada ngeBel Canto Trio. NgoJulayi 1947, XNUMX, iChicago Tribune yabhala: “UMario Lanza osemusha udale ukuthi abantu bajabule. Insizwa enamahlombe abanzi esanda kukhumula umfaniswano wamasosha, icula ngelungelo elingephikwe, kwazise izalwa ukucula. Ikhono lakhe lizohlobisa noma iyiphi ingoma ye-opera emhlabeni.”

Ngosuku olulandelayo, i-Grand Park yagcwala abantu abangu-76 bemagange ukuzibonela ngawabo amehlo nezindlebe ukuba khona kwe-tenor emangalisayo. Ngisho nesimo sezulu esibi asizange sibathuse. Ngakusasa, kunemvula enamandla, izilaleli ezingaphezu kuka-125 zabuthana lapha. Umlobi womculo weChicago Tribune uClaudia Cassidy wabhala:

“UMario Lanza, osemusha owakheke kakhulu, onamehlo amnyama, uphiwe ubukhazikhazi bephimbo lemvelo alisebenzisa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Noma kunjalo, unama-nuances anjalo kangangokuthi akunakwenzeka ukuwafunda. Uyayazi imfihlo yokungena ezinhliziyweni zabalaleli. I-aria enzima kakhulu ye-Radames yenziwa ekilasini lokuqala. Izilaleli zabhonga ngenjabulo. Wamamatheka uLanza ejabule. Kwakubonakala sengathi naye wayemangele futhi ejabule ngaphezu kwanoma ubani omunye.

Ngawo lowo nyaka, umculi wathola isimemo sokuyodlala e-New Orleans Opera House. Indima yokuqala yayiyingxenye ye-Pinkerton ku-"Chio-Chio-San" ka-G. Puccini. Lokhu kwalandelwa umsebenzi kaLa Traviata kaG. Verdi no-Andre Chenier kaW. Giordano.

Udumo lwalo mculi lwakhula futhi lwanda. Ngokusho komphathi wekhonsathi womculi uConstantino Kallinikos, uLanza wanikeza amakhonsathi akhe amahle kakhulu ngo-1951:

“Uma ubona futhi uzwa okwenzeka emadolobheni angama-22 ase-US ngoFebhuwari, Mashi no-April 1951, ubungaqonda ukuthi umculi angawuthonya kanjani umphakathi. Bengilapho! Ngikubonile lokho! Ngizwile! Kwangithusa lokhu! Ngangivame ukucasuka, ngezinye izikhathi ngihlazeke, kodwa-ke, igama lami kwakungeyena uMario Lanza.

ULanza wazigqama ngalezo zinyanga. Umbono ovamile walolu hambo wavezwa umagazini oqinile i-Time: “Ngisho noCaruso wayengakhonzwa kangako futhi akazange akukhuthaze ukukhulekela okunjengokwabangelwa uMario Lanza phakathi nohambo.”

Uma ngikhumbula lolu hambo lwe-Great Caruso, ngibona izixuku zabantu, kuwo wonke amadolobha eqinisa ithimba lamaphoyisa eliqapha uMario Lanza, ngaphandle kwalokho ubezochotshozwa abalandeli abathukuthele; ukuvakasha okusemthethweni okungapheli kanye nemikhosi yokwamukela, izingqungquthela zabezindaba ezingapheli uLanza ayehlale ezenyanya; ukuxokozela okungapheli okumzungezile, ukulunguza ngembobo kakhiye, ukungena kwabantu bengamenyiwe ekamelweni leciko lakhe, isidingo sokuchitha isikhathi ngemva kwekhonsathi ngayinye elindele ukuba izixuku zihlakazeke; buyela ehhotela ngemva kwamabili; ukugqekeza izinkinobho nokweba amaduku… ULanza udlule kukho konke ebengikulindele!”

Ngaleso sikhathi, uLanza wayesethole isipho esashintsha ikusasa lakhe lokudala. Esikhundleni somsebenzi wokuba umculi we-opera, udumo lomlingisi wefilimu lwalumlindile. Inkampani enkulu yamafilimu kuleli, iMetro-Goldwyn-Meyer, yasayina inkontileka noMario yamafilimu amaningana. Nakuba kwakungeyona yonke into eyayibushelelezi ekuqaleni. Efilimini yokuqala, uLanz wafingqwa ngokwenza ngokungazilungiselele. Ukuba mnandi nokungachazeki komdlalo wakhe kuphoqe abadidiyeli bamafilimu ukuthi bathathe indawo yomlingisi, nokugcina izwi likaLanza lingabonwa. Kodwa uMario akazange aphele amandla. Isithombe esilandelayo, "The Darling of New Orleans" (1951), simlethela impumelelo.

Umculi odumile uM. Magomayev ubhala encwadini yakhe ngoLanz:

"Isakhiwo sekhasethi entsha, esithole isihloko sokugcina esithi "New Orleans Darling", sine-leitmotif evamile nethi "Midnight Kiss". Efilimini yokuqala, uLanza wadlala indima yomthwalo wempahla owaba "isikhulu sesiteji se-opera." Futhi okwesibili, yena, umdobi, naye uphenduka umdlalo wokuqala we-opera.

Kodwa ekugcineni, akukho mayelana nesakhiwo. ULanza waziveza njengomlingisi ongajwayelekile. Yiqiniso, okuhlangenwe nakho kwangaphambili kuyacatshangelwa. UMario naye wakhangwa umbhalo, owakwazi ukuqhakaza umugqa wempilo wokuzithoba weqhawe ngemininingwane enamanzi. Le filimu yayigcwele ukungqubuzana okungokomzwelo, lapho kwakunendawo yezosha ezithinta inhliziyo, idrama elinganiselwe, namahlaya acwebileyo.

"Intandokazi YaseNew Orleans" yethule umhlaba ngezinombolo zomculo ezimangalisayo: izingcezu ezivela kuma-opera, ezothando nezingoma ezidalwe emavesini kaSammy Kahn ngumqambi u-Nicholas Brodsky, lowo, njengoba sesishilo kakade, wayesondelene noLanz ngobuciko: inkhulumomphendvulwano yabo. senzeka ngentambo eyodwa yenhliziyo. Isimo sengqondo, amazwi athambileyo, amazwi ahlabayo... Yilokhu okwabahlanganisa, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, kwakuyilezi zimfanelo ezaboniswa engomeni eyinhloko yefilimu ethi “Yiba yisithandwa sami!”, engingalokotha ngithi, yaba yingoma eshisa izikhotha. sonke isikhathi.

Ngokuzayo, amafilimu ngokubamba iqhaza kukaMario alandelana: The Great Caruso (1952), Ngoba Ungowami (1956), Serenade (1958), Seven Hills of Rome (1959). Into esemqoka eyaheha izinkulungwane zababukeli kula mafilimu “ukucula komlingo” kukaLanz.

Emafilimini akhe akamuva, umculi uya ngokuya ecula izingoma zomdabu zase-Italy. Zibuye zibe yisisekelo sezinhlelo zakhe zekhonsathi nokuqoshwa kwakhe.

Kancane kancane, umculi uhlakulela isifiso sokuzinikela ngokugcwele esiteji, ubuciko bomculo. U-Lanza wenza umzamo onjalo ekuqaleni kuka-1959. Umculi ushiya i-USA futhi ayohlala eRoma. Maye, iphupho likaLanz lalingahloselwe ukufezeka. Washonela esibhedlela ngo-Okthoba 7, 1959, ngaphansi kwezimo ezingakacaciswanga ngokugcwele.