Giulietta Simionato |

Giulietta Simionato

Labo ababemazi futhi bemthanda uJuliet Simionato, ngisho noma babengamuzwa enkundleni yemidlalo yeshashalazi, babeqiniseka ukuthi wayedalelwe ukuphila iminyaka eyikhulu ubudala. Kwakwanele ukubuka isithombe somculi onezinwele ezimpunga futhi ohlale ebukeka egqoke isigqoko esipinki: kwakuhlale kunobuqili ebusweni bakhe. USmionato wayedume ngokuba namahlaya. Kodwa nokho, uJuliet Simionato washona isonto nje ngaphambi kweminyaka yakhe eyikhulu, ngoMeyi 5, 2010.

Enye ye-mezzo-sopranos edume kakhulu yekhulu lamashumi amabili yazalwa ngoMeyi 12, 1910 eForlì, esifundeni sase-Emilia-Romagna, cishe phakathi kweBologna neRimini, emndenini wombusi wejele. Abazali bakhe babengekho kulezi zindawo, uyise wayevela Mirano, eduze Venice, futhi unina wayevela esiqhingini Sardinia. Ekhaya likanina eSardinia, uJuliet (njengoba ayebizwa kanjalo emndenini; igama lakhe langempela kwakunguJulia) wachitha ubuntwana bakhe. Lapho intombazane eneminyaka eyisishiyagalombili ubudala, umndeni wathuthela eRovigo, enkabeni yesifundazwe segama elifanayo esifundeni saseVeneto. UJuliet wathunyelwa esikoleni samaKatolika, lapho afundiswa khona ukudweba, ukufekethisa, ubuciko bokupheka nokucula. Ngokushesha izindelakazi zadonsela ukunakekela esiphweni sakhe somculo. Umculi ngokwakhe wathi wayehlale efuna ukucula. Ukuze enze lokhu, wazivalela endlini yokugezela. Kodwa yayingekho! Unina kaJuliet, owesifazane oqinile owayebusa umndeni ngensimbi futhi evame ukuphendukela ekujeziseni izingane, wathi uncamela ukubulala indodakazi yakhe ngezandla zakhe kunokuba ayivumele ukuba ibe umculi. Nokho, uSignora wafa lapho uJuliet eneminyaka engu-15 ubudala, futhi umgoqo wokuthuthukiswa kwesipho esiyisimangaliso wabhidlika. Usaziwayo wesikhathi esizayo waqala ukufunda eRovigo, bese ePadua. Othisha bakhe kwakungu-Ettore Locatello noGuido Palumbo. U-Giulietta Simionato waqala ukubonakala kwakhe ngo-1927 emdlalweni wamahlaya kaRossato othi Nina, Non fare la stupida (Nina, ungabi yisilima). Uyise wayemphelezela lapho ayezilolongela khona. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho umzwilili wase-Albanese wamuzwa khona, owabikezela: “Uma leli zwi liqeqeshwe kahle, kuyofika usuku lapho izinkundla zemidlalo yeshashalazi ziyowa ngenxa yehlombe.” Ukusebenza kokuqala kukaJuliet njengomculi we-opera kwenzeka ngonyaka olandelayo, edolobheni elincane laseMontagnana eduze kwasePadua (ngendlela, i-tenor eyintandokazi kaToscanini u-Aureliano Pertile wazalelwa lapho).

Ukuthuthukiswa komsebenzi kaSimionato kusikhumbuza isaga esidumile esithi “Chi va piano, va sano e va lontano”; elilingana nalo lesiRashiya lithi “Ukugibela kancane, uzoqhubekela phambili.” Ngo-1933, wawina umncintiswano vocal e Florence (385 ababambiqhaza), umongameli wejaji kwaba Umberto Giordano, umbhali Andre Chenier futhi Fedora, futhi amalungu ayo kwakunguSolomiya Krushelnitskaya, Rosina Storchio, Alessandro Bonci, Tullio Serafin. Lapho ezwa uJuliet, uRosina Storchio (umlingisi wokuqala endimeni kaMadam Butterfly) wathi kuye: “Hlala njalo, sithandwa sami.”

Ukunqoba kulo mqhudelwano kunikeze lo mculi osemncane ithuba lokuyohlolwa eLa Scala. Usayine inkontileka yakhe yokuqala neshashalazi edumile yaseMilan ngesizini ka-1935-36. Kwakuyinkontileka ethokozisayo: UJuliet kwadingeka afunde zonke izingxenye ezincane futhi abe khona kukho konke ukuzilolonga. Izindima zakhe zokuqala eLa Scala kwakuyiMistress of the Novices ku-Sister Angelica kanye noGiovanna eRigoletto. Izinkathi eziningi zonyaka zidlulile emsebenzini othembekile ongalethi ukwaneliseka noma udumo olungako (uSimionato wacula uFlora eLa Traviata, uSiebel eFaust, iSavoyard encane eFyodor, njll.). Ekugcineni, ngo-1940, i-baritone edumile uMariano Stabile wagcizelela ukuthi uJuliet kufanele acule ingxenye yeCherubino eLe nozze di Figaro eTrieste. Kodwa ngaphambi kwempumelelo yokuqala ebaluleke ngempela, kwakudingeka ukulinda eminye iminyaka emihlanu: yalethwa kuJuliet ngendima kaDorabella kuCosì fan tutte. Futhi ngo-1940, uSimionato wenza njengo-Santuzza e-Rural Honor. Umbhali ngokwakhe wema ngemuva console, futhi wayengomncane kunabo bonke phakathi soloists: "indodana" yakhe yayimdala kunaye ngeminyaka engamashumi amabili.

Ekugcineni, impumelelo: ngo-1947, eGenoa, uSimionato ucula ingxenye eyinhloko ye-opera kaTom ethi “Mignon” futhi ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa wayiphinda eLa Scala (uWilhelm Meister wakhe kwakunguGiuseppe Di Stefano). Manje umuntu usekwazi ukumamatheka kuphela lapho efunda izimpendulo emaphephandabeni: “UGiulietta Simionato, esasivame ukumbona emigqeni yokugcina, manje ungowokuqala, ngakho kufanele kube ngokobulungisa.” Indima kaMignon yaba yingqophamlando kuSimionato, kwakukule opera lapho aqala khona eLa Fenice eVenice ngo-1948, naseMexico ngo-1949, lapho izethameli zabonisa khona intshiseko yakhe. Umbono kaTullio Serafina wawubaluleke nakakhulu: “Awuzange wenze inqubekelaphambili nje kuphela, kodwa ushaye phansi kwangempela!” UMaestro uthe kuGiulietta ngemuva kokudlala "Così fan tutte" futhi wamnikeza indawo kaCarmen. Kodwa ngaleso sikhathi, uSimionato akazange azizwe evuthiwe ngokwanele kule ndima futhi wathola amandla okwenqaba.

Ngesizini ka-1948-49, uSimionato waqala ukuphendukela kuma-opera kaRossini, Bellini noDonizetti. Kancane kancane, wafinyelela ukuphakama kweqiniso kulolu hlobo lomculo we-operatic futhi waba omunye wabantu abavelele kakhulu be-Bel Canto Renaissance. Izincazelo zakhe ngezindima zikaLeonora kwethi Intandokazi, u-Isabella kwethi The Italian Girl in Algiers, Rosina and Cinderella, Romeo in Capuleti and Montagues kanye Adalgisa in Norma zahlala zisezingeni.

Ngawo lowo 1948, uSimionato wahlangana noCallas. UJuliet wacula ingoma ethi Mignon eVenice, uMaria wacula uTristan no-Isolde. Kwavela ubungane obuqotho phakathi kwabaculi. Babevame ukucula ndawonye: ku-“Anna Boleyn” kwakungu-Anna no-Giovanna Seymour, ku-“Norma” – uNorma no-Adalgisa, ku-“Aida” – Aida kanye no-Amneris. USmionato uyakhumbula: “UMaria noRenata Tebaldi yibona kuphela ababengibiza ngoGiulia, hhayi uJuliet.”

Ngawo-1950, uGiulietta Simionato wanqoba i-Austria. Ukuxhumana kwakhe noMkhosi we-Salzburg, lapho ayevame ukucula ngaphansi kwenduku ka-Herbert von Karajan, kanye ne-Vienna Opera yayinamandla kakhulu. U-Orpheus wakhe ku-opera ka-Gluck ngo-1959, eyaqoshwa erekhodini, usewubufakazi obungalibaleki bokusebenzisana kwakhe noKarajan.

U-Simionato wayengumculi wamazwe ngamazwe: izindima “ezingcwele” ze-mezzo-sopranos kuma-opera ka-Verdi - u-Azucena, u-Ulrika, u-Princess Eboli, u-Amneris - wamsebenzela kanye nezindima ze-bel canto operas yothando. Wayengu-Preciosilla odlalayo ku-The Force of Destiny kanye ne-Mistress ehlekisayo Ngokushesha e-Falstaff. Usale ezincwadini zomlando we-opera njengoCarmen noCharlotte abahamba phambili eWerther, uLaura eLa Gioconda, uSantuzza eRustic Honor, iPrincess de Bouillon e-Adrienne Lecouvrere kanye neNkosazana kuDadewethu u-Angelica. Iphuzu eliphakeme lomsebenzi wakhe lihlotshaniswa nokuchazwa kwendima ye-soprano ka-Valentina ku-Meyerbeer's Les Huguenots. Lo mculi wase-Italy uphinde wacula uMarina Mnishek noMarfa emdlalweni kaMussorgsky. Kodwa phakathi neminyaka yomsebenzi wakhe omude, uSimionato wenza ama-opera kaMonteverdi, Handel, Cimarosa, Mozart, Gluck, Bartok, Honegger, Richard Strauss. I-repertoire yakhe ifinyelele izibalo zezinkanyezi: izindima ezingu-132 emisebenzini yabalobi abangu-60.

Waba nempumelelo enkulu yomuntu siqu ku-Les Troyens kaBerlioz (umdlalo wokuqala eLa Scala) ngo-1960. Ngo-1962, wabamba iqhaza ekuvaleliseni kukaMaria Callas esiteji semidlalo yaseshashalazini yaseMilan: kwakuyi-Medea kaCherubini, futhi abangane bakudala baphinde baba. ndawonye, ​​uMaria endimeni kaMedea, uJuliet endimeni kaNeris. Ngawo lowo nyaka, uSimionato wabonakala njengo-Pirene ku-Atlantis ka-De Falla (wamchaza ngokuthi “umile kakhulu futhi akayena owemidlalo yaseshashalazini”). Ngo-1964, wacula i-Azucena ku-Il trovatore e-Covent Garden, umdlalo owenziwe uLuchino Visconti. Ukuhlangana noMaria futhi - kulokhu eParis, ngo-1965, eNorma.

NgoJanuwari 1966, uGiulietta Simionato washiya isiteji se-opera. Ukusebenza kwakhe kokugcina kwenzeka engxenyeni encane ye-Servilia ku-opera kaMozart ethi "The Mercy of Titus" esiteji seTeatro Piccola Scala. Wayeneminyaka engu-56 kuphela ubudala futhi esesimweni esihle kakhulu sezwi futhi engokomzimba. Ozakwabo abaningi kakhulu babentula, bengenakho, futhi bengenakho ukuhlakanipha nesithunzi sokuthatha isinyathelo esinjalo. U-Simionato wayefuna ukuthi isithombe sakhe sihlale sisihle enkumbulweni yezethameli, futhi wakufeza lokhu. Ukuphuma kwakhe esiteji kwaqondana nesinqumo esibalulekile ekuphileni kwakhe siqu: washada nodokotela odumile, udokotela ohlinzayo kaMussolini uCesare Frugoni, owamnakekela iminyaka eminingi futhi wayemdala kunaye ngeminyaka engamashumi amathathu. Ngemuva kwalo mshado ogcine ufeziwe kwakuwumshado wokuqala womculi nomdlali wevayolini uRenato Carenzio (bahlukana ngasekupheleni kwawo-1940). UFrugoni naye wayeshadile. Isehlukaniso sasingekho e-Italy ngaleso sikhathi. Umshado wabo senzeka kuphela ngemva kokufa komkakhe wokuqala. Babemiselwe ukuhlala ndawonye iminyaka engu-12. UFrugoni washona ngo-1978. USimionato waphinde washada, ehlanganisa impilo yakhe nomngane wakhe omdala, usozimboni uFlorio De Angeli; wayemiselwe ukuba aphile ngaphezu kwakhe: washona ngo-1996.

Iminyaka engamashumi amane nane kude nesiteji, kusukela ekushayeni ihlombe nakubalandeli: U-Giulietta Simionato usephenduke inganekwane ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe. Inganekwane iyaphila, iyakhanga futhi inobuqili. Izikhathi eziningi wayehlala eqenjini lamajaji emiqhudelwaneni yamazwi. Ekhonsathini yokuhlonipha u-Carl Böhm ku-Salzburg Festival ngo-1979, wacula ingoma kaCherubino ethi “Voi che sapete” ephuma ku-Mozart ethi Le nozze di Figaro. Ngo-1992, lapho umqondisi uBruno Tosi esungula i-Maria Callas Society, waba umongameli wayo ohloniphekile. Ngo-1995, wagubha usuku lwakhe lokuzalwa lwama-95 esiteji se-La Scala Theatre. Uhambo lokugcina u-Simionato alwenza eneminyaka engu-2005, ngo-XNUMX, lwanikezelwa ku-Maria: akakwazanga ukusiza ukuhlonipha ngokuba khona kwakhe umcimbi wokuvulwa ngokusemthethweni kwendlela yokuhamba ngemuva kwe-La Fenice yaseshashalazini eVenice yokuhlonipha umculi omkhulu. kanye nomngane omdala.

“Angizizwa ngilangazelela futhi angizisoli. Nganikela ngakho konke engangingakwenza emsebenzini wami. Unembeza wami unokuthula.” Lesi bekungesinye sezitatimende zakhe zokugcina ukuvela ephrintiwe. U-Giulietta Simionato wayengomunye wama-mezzo-soprano abaluleke kakhulu ekhulwini lamashumi amabili. Ubeyindlalifa yemvelo ye-Catalan Conchita Supervia engenakuqhathaniswa, ohlonishwa ngokuvuselela ingoma kaRossini yezwi eliphansi lesifazane. Kepha izindima ezimangalisayo ze-Verdi ziphumelele uSimionato okungenani. Izwi lakhe belingelona likhulu kakhulu, kodwa ligqamile, lihlukile nge-timbre, ngendlela engenasici ngisho kulo lonke uhla, futhi wakwazi ubuciko bokunikeza ukuthinta komuntu ngamunye kuyo yonke imisebenzi ayenzile. Isikole esihle, ukuqina okukhulu kwezwi: uSimionato ukhumbula ukuthi wake waya kanjani esiteji ubusuku obuyi-13 obulandelanayo, eNorma eMilan kanye naseBarber yaseSeville eRoma. “Ekupheleni komdlalo ngagijima ngaya esiteshini, lapho babelinde khona ukuthi ngibatshele ukuthi isitimela sisuke. Esitimela, ngakhumula izimonyo. Owesifazane okhangayo, umuntu ophilayo, umlingisikazi omuhle kakhulu, ocashile, wesifazane onamancoko. USimionato wayazi indlela yokuvuma ukushiyeka kwakhe. Wayengenandaba nempumelelo yakhe, eqoqa amajazi oboya "njengabanye besifazane baqoqa ama-antiques", ngamazwi akhe, wavuma ukuthi wayenomona futhi ethanda ukuhleba ngemininingwane yokuphila komuntu siqu kwabaphikisana naye. Akazange azisole noma azisole. Ngoba wakwazi ukuphila ngokugcwele futhi ahlale enkumbulweni yabantu besikhathi sakhe kanye nenzalo yakhe njengenhle, indida, ukubonakaliswa kokuvumelana nokuhlakanipha.