Kathleen Ferrier (Ferrier) |

Kathleen Ferrier

VV Timokhin uyabhala: “UKathleen Ferrier wayenelinye lamazwi amahle kakhulu ekhulwini lethu leminyaka. Wayene-contralto yangempela, ehlukaniswa ngokufudumala okukhethekile nethoni ye-velvety kurejista ephansi. Kulo lonke uchungechunge, izwi lomculi lalizwakala licebile futhi lithambile. Ngaso kanye i-timbre yayo, esimweni somsindo, kwakukhona "i-original" ye-elegiac nedrama yangaphakathi. Ngezinye izikhathi imishwana embalwa eculwa umculi yayanele ukudala kumlaleli umbono wesithombe esigcwele ukudabuka okudabukisayo kanye nokulula okuqinile. Akumangazi ukuthi kule toni yemizwa lapho izinto eziningi ezidaliwe zobuciko zomculi zixazululwa khona.

UKathleen Mary Ferrier wazalwa ngo-April 22, 1912 edolobheni laseHaiger Walton (Lancashire), enyakatho yeNgilandi. Abazali bakhe ngokwabo bacula ekwayeni futhi kusukela esemncane bagxilisa entombazaneni uthando lomculo. E-Blackburn High School, lapho uKathleen afunda khona, wafunda nokudlala upiyano, wacula ekwayeni, futhi wazuza nolwazi lwezifundo zomculo eziyisisekelo. Lokhu kwamsiza ukuthi anqobe umncintiswano wabaculi abasakhula, owawusedolobheni eliseduze. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi uthole imiklomelo yokuqala emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa - ekuculeni nasepiyano.

Nokho, isimo esibi sezimali sabazali bakhe saholela eqinisweni lokuthi iminyaka eminingana uKathleen wasebenza njengomqhubi wezingcingo. Lapho eneminyaka engamashumi amabili nesishiyagalombili kuphela (!) Waqala ukuthatha izifundo zokucula eBlackburn. Ngaleso sikhathi, iMpi Yezwe II yayisiqalile. Ngakho ukusebenza kokuqala komculi kwaba emafektri nasezibhedlela, endaweni yamayunithi ezempi.

UKathleen udlale ngezingoma zesintu zesiNgisi, nangempumelelo enkulu. Ngokushesha bamthanda: ubuhle bezwi lakhe nendlela enza ngayo izinto ngendlela engenabuciko kwaheha abalaleli. Ngezinye izikhathi umculi owayesafufusa wayemenywa emakhonsathini angempela, ehlanganyela nabaculi abaqeqeshiwe. Enye yale midlalo yabonwa umqhubi odumile uMalcolm Sargent. Uncome umculi osemusha ebuholini benhlangano yekhonsathi yaseLondon.

Ngo-December 1942, uFerrier uvele eLondon, lapho afunda khona nomculi nothisha ovelele uRoy Henderson. Ngokushesha waqala ukucula. UKathleen ucule eyedwa kanye namakhwaya aphambili esiNgisi. Ngale kokugcina, wenza ama-oratorios ka-Handel noMendelssohn, engenzi lutho ngo-Bach. Ngo-1943, uFerrière wenza i-debut yakhe njengomculi okhokhelwayo ku-Handel's Messiah.

Ngo-1946, lo mculi wahlangana nomqambi uBenjamin Britten, ogama lakhe lalisemlonyeni wabo bonke abaculi bezwe ngemuva kokuqala kwe-opera yakhe uPeter Grimes. U-Britten wayesebenzela i-opera entsha, i-The Lamentation of Lucretia, futhi wayesebavezile abalingisi. Kuphela iqembu heroine - Lucretia, samuntu samuntu ubumsulwa, fragility nokungavikeleki umphefumulo wesifazane, isikhathi eside akazange alinge ukunikeza noma ubani. Ekugcineni, uBritten wakhumbula uFerrière, umculi we-contralto amuzwa ngonyaka odlule.

I-Lament of Lucretia yaqala ukukhonjiswa ngoJulayi 12, 1946, eMkhosini wokuqala wangemva kwempi waseGlyndebourne. I-opera yaba yimpumelelo. Kamuva, iqembu le-Glyndebourne Festival, elihlanganisa uKathleen Ferrier, lenza izikhathi ezingaphezu kwamashumi ayisithupha emadolobheni ahlukahlukene wezwe. Ngakho igama lomculi lalaziwa kabanzi phakathi kwezilaleli zesiNgisi.

Ngemva konyaka, i-Glyndebourne Festival yavulwa kabusha ngokukhiqizwa kwe-opera ehlanganisa u-Ferrière, kulokhu nge-Gluck's Orpheus kanye no-Eurydice.

Izingxenye ze-Lucretia ne-Orpheus zikhawulele umsebenzi wokusebenza we-Ferrier. Ingxenye ye-Orpheus iwukuphela komsebenzi womdwebi owahamba naye kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe okufushane kobuciko. "Ekudlaleni kwakhe, umculi ulethe izici ezizwakalayo," kuphawula u-VV Timokhin. – Izwi lomdwebi belicwebezela ngemibala eminingi – matte, elithambile, elisobala, eliwugqinsi. Indlela yakhe eya ku-aria edumile "Ngilahlekelwe u-Eurydice" (isenzo sesithathu) iyinkomba. Kwabanye abaculi (kwanele ukukhumbula mayelana nalokhu umhumushi omangalisayo wendima ka-Orpheus esiteji saseJalimane, uMargaret Klose), le-aria izwakala njenge-Largo elusizi, ekhanyisiwe. I-Ferrier ikunikeza ukuthatheka okwengeziwe, ukuxhamazela okumangalisayo, futhi i-aria ngokwayo ithatha umlingiswa ohluke ngokuphelele - hhayi ubuhle bokwelusa, kodwa inkanuko… “.

Ngemuva komunye wemidlalo, ephendula ukutuswa komthandi wethalente lakhe, uFerrier uthe: “Yebo, le ndima isondele kakhulu kimi. Ukuze unikeze konke onakho ukulwela uthando lwakho - njengomuntu kanye neciko, ngizizwa ngisilungele njalo lesi sinyathelo.

Kodwa umculi wakhangwa kakhulu esiteji sekhonsathi. Ngo-1947, kuMkhosi wase-Edinburgh, wacula i-symphony-cantata ka-Mahler ethi The Song of the Earth. Kuqhutshwa uBruno Walter. Ukudlalwa kwe-symphony kwaba mnandi emkhosini.

Ngokuvamile, ukuhumusha kukaFerrier kwemisebenzi kaMahler kwakha ikhasi eliphawulekayo emlandweni wobuciko bezwi besimanje. U-VV ubhala ngalokhu ngokucacile nangokumibalabala. I-Timokhin:

“Kubukeka sengathi usizi lukaMahler, ububele ngamaqhawe akhe bathola impendulo ekhethekile enhliziyweni yomculi ...

U-Ferrier uzwa ngokucashile ngokumangazayo isiqalo esingokomfanekiso nesingokomfanekiso somculo ka-Mahler. Kodwa umdwebo wakhe wezwi awuwona nje omuhle, ufudumala inothi elishisayo lokubamba iqhaza, uzwela lomuntu. Ukudlala komculi akuqinisiwe ohlelweni olungacacile, olusondelene negumbi, luthwebula ngesasasa lezingoma, ukukhanyiselwa kwezinkondlo.

Kusukela lapho, u-Walter no-Ferrier sebengabangane abakhulu futhi bavame ukudlala ndawonye. Umbhidisi ubheka uFerrière “omunye wabaculi abakhulu besizukulwane sethu”. Eno-Walter njengomdlali wopiyano, umdwebi wenze ingoma eyedwa ku-Edinburgh Festival yango-1949, wacula ku-Salzburg Festival wangonyaka ofanayo, futhi wadlala ku-1950 Edinburgh Festival e-Brahms' Rhapsody for Mezzo-Soprano.

Ngalo mqhubi, uFerrier wenza i-debut yakhe ngoJanuwari 1948 emhlabathini waseMelika ku-symphony efanayo "Ingoma Yomhlaba". Ngemva kwekhonsathi eNew York, abagxeki bomculo abahamba phambili e-United States basabela okokuqala ngqa komculi ngezibuyekezo ezijabulisayo.

Umdwebi usevakashele kabili e-United States ohambweni. Ngo-March 1949, ikhonsathi yakhe yokuqala eyedwa yenzeke eNew York. Ngawo lowo nyaka, iFerrier yadlala eCanada naseCuba. Ngokuvamile umculi wenza emazweni aseScandinavia. Amakhonsathi akhe e-Copenhagen, e-Oslo, e-Stockholm abelokhu eyimpumelelo enkulu.

UFerrier wayevame ukucula e-Dutch Music Festival. Emkhosini wokuqala, ngo-1948, wahlabelela "Ingoma Yomhlaba", futhi emikhosini ka-1949 no-1951 wenza ingxenye ye-Orpheus, ebangela isasasa elivumelana nomphakathi nabezindaba. E-Holland, ngoJulayi 1949, ngokuhlanganyela komculi, kwaqhutshwa i-premiere yamazwe ngamazwe ye-Britten "Spring Symphony". Ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-40s, amarekhodi okuqala kaFerrier avela. Ku-discography yomculi, indawo ebalulekile ibanjwe ukuqoshwa kwezingoma zesiNgisi zendabuko, uthando ayenalo impilo yakhe yonke.

Ngo-June 1950, umculi wabamba iqhaza ku-International Bach Festival eVienna. Umdlalo wokuqala kaFerrière phambi kwezithameli zendawo wawuku-Matthew Passion eMusikverein eVienna.

“Izici ezihlukile zendlela yobuciko kaFerrier—izinga eliphezulu nobulula obuhlakaniphile—zihlaba umxhwele ngokukhethekile ekuchazeni kwakhe isi-Bach, okugcwele ukujula okugxilile kanye nesizotha esikhanyiselwe,” kubhala u-VV Timokhin. - UFerrier uzwa kahle ukubaluleka komculo ka-Bach, ukubaluleka kwawo kwefilosofi nobuhle obumangalisayo. Ngokunotha kwephalethi ye-timbre yezwi lakhe, ufaka umbala kumugqa wezwi ka-Bach, uwunikeze "i-multicolor" emangalisayo futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, "i-voluminousness" yomzwelo. Wonke umushwana we-Ferrier ufudunyezwa umuzwa ovuthayo - vele, awunawo umlingiswa wesitatimende sothando esivulekile. Inkulumo yomculi ihlale ivinjelwe, kodwa kunekhwalithi eyodwa ephawulekayo kuye - ukunotha kwama-nuances angokwengqondo, okubaluleke kakhulu emculweni kaBach. Lapho uFerrier edlulisela isimo sokudabuka ezwini lakhe, umlaleli akawushiyi umuzwa wokuthi imbewu yokungqubuzana okuphawulekayo iyavuthwa emathunjini akhe. Ngokunjalo, umuzwa ogqamile, wenjabulo, nokuphakanyiswa komculi unowawo “uchungechunge” – ukuvevezela kokukhathazeka, ukuyaluza, ukuxhamazela.

Ngo-1952, inhloko-dolobha yase-Austria yamukela i-Ferrier ngemuva kokudlala kahle kwengxenye ye-mezzo-soprano eNgomeni Yomhlaba. Ngaleso sikhathi, umculi wayeseyazi ukuthi ugulela ukufa, ukuqina komsebenzi wakhe wobuciko kwancipha kakhulu.

Ngo-February 1953, umculi wathola amandla okubuyela esiteji se-Covent Garden Theatre, lapho kudlalwa khona u-Orpheus wakhe othandekayo. Udlale imidlalo emibili kuphela kwemine ebihleliwe, kodwa, naphezu kokugula kwakhe, ubehlakaniphe njengenjwayelo.

Ngokwesibonelo, umgxeki uWinton Dean wabhala kumagazini we-Opera mayelana nokudlalwa okokuqala ngqa ngo-February 3, 1953: “Ubuhle obumangalisayo bezwi lakhe, umculo osezingeni eliphezulu nothando olumangalisayo kwavumela umculi ukuba ahlanganise ingqikithi yenganekwane ka-Orpheus, usizi lokulahlekelwa umuntu namandla anqoba konke omculo. Ukubukeka kwesiteji sika-Ferrier, okuhlala kuzwakalisa ngendlela engavamile, bekuhlaba umxhwele kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi. Sekukonke, kwakuwumdlalo wobuhle obukhangayo nokuthinta inhliziyo kangangokuthi wabadlula ngokuphelele bonke ozakwabo.

Maye, ngo-Okthoba 8, 1953, uFerrier washona.