Fyodor Volkov |

Fyodor Volkov

Umlingisi nomqondisi waseRussia, ubhekwa njengomsunguli wemidlalo yaseshashalazini yokuqala yomphakathi eRussia.

UFedor Volkov wazalwa ngoFebhuwari 9, 1729 eKostroma, wafa ngo-April 4, 1763 eMoscow ngenxa yokugula. Uyise wayengumthengisi waseKostroma, owashona lapho umfana esemncane kakhulu. Ngo-1735, unina washada nomthengisi Polushnikov, owaba usingayise onakekelayo Fyodor. Lapho uFedor eneminyaka engu-12 ubudala, wathunyelwa eMoscow ukuyofundela ibhizinisi lezimboni. Lapho, le nsizwa yafunda ulimi lwesiJalimane, kamuva eyalufunda kahle. Khona-ke waba nesithakazelo emidlalweni yaseshashalazini yabafundi be-Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy. U-Novikov wakhuluma ngale nsizwa njengomfundi okhuthele futhi okhuthele, othanda kakhulu isayensi nezobuciko: "wayenamathele kakhulu ... olwazini lwesayensi nobuciko."

Ngo-1746, uVolkov weza eSt. Petersburg ngebhizinisi, kodwa akazange ashiye uthando lwakhe. Ikakhulukazi, bathi ukuvakashela enkundleni yemidlalo yaseshashalazini kwamthinta kakhulu kangangokuthi eminyakeni emibili eyalandela le nsizwa yathatha izifundo zeshashalazi nezobuciko bokudlala. Ngo-1748, usingayise kaFyodor washona, futhi wazuza ifa lezimboni, kodwa umphefumulo wensizwa wawulala kakhulu emkhakheni wezobuciko kunamafektri, futhi ngokushesha uFyodor wanikezela zonke izindaba kumfowabo, wanquma ukuzinikela enkundleni yemidlalo yaseshashalazini. imisebenzi.

E-Yaroslavl, wabutha abangane bakhe eduze kwakhe - abathandi bemidlalo yaseshashalazini, futhi ngokushesha leli qembu elisungulwe lanikeza umdlalo walo wokuqala waseshashalazini. I-premiere yenzeke ngoJulayi 10, 1750 esibayeni esidala lapho umthengisi uPolushkin esetshenziswa njengendawo yokugcina impahla. UVolkov wenza umdlalo othi "Esther" ngokuhumusha kwakhe. Ngonyaka olandelayo, kwakhiwa inkundla yemidlalo yamapulangwe osebeni lweVolga, eyayihlala iqembu likaVolkov. Ukuzalwa kwethiyetha entsha kwaphawulwa ukukhiqizwa komdlalo ngu-AP Sumarokov "Khorev". E-Volkov Theatre, ngaphandle kwakhe, abafowabo uGrigory noGavrila, "omabhalane" u-Ivan Ikonnikov no-Yakov Popov, "isonto" u-Ivan Dmitrevsky, "abalingisi" uSemyon Kuklin no-Alexei Popov, umgundi u-Yakov Shumsky, abantu basedolobheni uSemyon Skachkov. kwathi uDemyan Galik wadlala . Ngempela kwakuyinkundla yemidlalo yaseshashalazini yomphakathi yokuqala eRussia.

Amahemuhemu mayelana neVolkov Theater afinyelela eSt. , kanye nalabo abasamdinga kulokhu, balethe e-St. Petersburg <...> ukuze laba bantu nempahla yabo balethwe ngokushesha lapha, ukuze banikezwe izinqola zomgodi kanye nabo ezivela emalini yengcebo…”. Ngokushesha uVolkov nabalingisi bakhe badlala imidlalo yabo eSt. Petersburg phambi kwendlovukazi nenkantolo, kanye nezikhulu zezwe. I-repertoire yayihlanganisa: izinhlekelele zika-AP Sumarokov "Khorev", "Sinav noTruvor", kanye ne "Hamlet".

Ngo-1756, i-Russian Theatre for the Presentation of Tragedies and Comedy yasungulwa ngokusemthethweni. Waqala kanjalo-ke umlando wemidlalo yaseshashalazini yase-Imperial eRussia. UFyodor Volkov waqokwa "umlingisi wokuqala waseRussia", futhi u-Alexander Sumarokov waba umqondisi wemidlalo yaseshashalazini (i-Volkov yathatha lesi sikhundla ngo-1761).

UFedor Volkov wayengeyena nje umlingisi nomhumushi, kodwa futhi umbhali wemidlalo eminingana. Phakathi kwazo kukhona "Inkantolo yaseShemyakin", "Yonke I-Yeremey Ziqonde", "Ukuzijabulisa Kwabahlali baseMoscow mayelana neMaslenitsa" nabanye - bonke, ngeshwa, abazange bagcinwe kuze kube yilolu suku. U-Volkov uphinde wabhala izingoma ezihloniphekile, enye yazo eyayinikezelwe kuPeter Omkhulu, izingoma (kukhona "Udlula esitokisini, othandekayo" mayelana nendela eboshwe ngenkani futhi "Masibe, mfowethu, sicule ingoma endala, indlela abantu ababephila ngayo. ekhulwini lokuqala” mayelana nenkathi edlule yeGolden Age ). Ngaphezu kwalokho, uVolkov wahlanganyela ekwakhiweni kwemikhiqizo yakhe - ezobuciko nezomculo. Futhi yena ngokwakhe wayedlala izinsimbi zomculo ezihlukahlukene.

Iqhaza likaVolkov ekuketulweni umbuso okwaletha uMpress Catherine the Great esihlalweni sobukhosi saseRussia iyimfihlakalo. Kukhona ukungqubuzana okwaziwayo phakathi komdlali waseshashalazini noPeter III, owenqaba izinsizakalo zikaVolkov njengomqambi nomqondisi wama-opera e-Oranienbaum Theatre. Khona-ke uPetru wayesenguMbusi Omkhulu, kodwa ubuhlobo, ngokusobala, bawonakaliswa unomphela. Lapho uCatherine eba indlovukazi, uFyodor Volkov wavunyelwa ukungena ehhovisi lakhe ngaphandle kombiko, okuyiqiniso, owakhuluma ngesimo esikhethekile sombusi "kumlingisi wokuqala waseRussia."

Fedor Volkov wazibonakalisa njengomqondisi. Ikakhulukazi, nguye owadlala i-masquerade ethi "Triumphant Minerva" ehlelwe eMoscow ngo-1763 ukuze kuhlonishwe ukugcotshwa kukaCatherine II. Yiqiniso, isithombe asikhethwanga ngenhlanhla. Unkulunkulukazi wokuhlakanipha nobulungisa, umlindi wesayensi, ubuciko kanye nemisebenzi yezandla wenza samuntu indlovukazi. Kulo mkhiqizo, uFyodor Volkov waqaphela amaphupho akhe enkathi yegolide, lapho ububi buqedwa futhi isiko liyachuma.

Nokho, lo msebenzi wawungowokugcina. I-masquerade yathatha izinsuku ezi-3 kusithwathwa esinamandla. Fedor Grigoryevich Volkov, owabamba iqhaza elikhulu ekuziphatheni kwayo, wagula futhi wafa ngo-April 4, 1763.