Edvard Grieg |

U-Edvard Grieg

… Ngithole inqolobane ecebile yezingoma zomdabu ezweni lakithi futhi kulokhu, namanje okungakahlolisiswa, ukufunda ngomphefumulo wesintu waseNorway, ngazama ukwenza ubuciko bezwe ... E. Grieg

U-E. Grieg ungumqambi wokuqala waseNorway umsebenzi wakhe weqa imingcele yezwe lakhe futhi waba impahla yesiko laseYurophu. Ikhonsathi yepiyano, umculo wedrama ka-G. Ibsen ethi “Peer Gynt”, “Lyric Pieces” nezothando yizona ezihamba phambili zomculo engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-1890. Ukuvuthwa kokudala komqambi kwenzeka esimweni sokuqhakaza ngokushesha kwempilo engokomoya yaseNorway, ukwanda kwentshisekelo emlandweni wayo wesikhathi esidlule, umlando, kanye namagugu amasiko. Lesi sikhathi saletha "umlaza" wonke wabaculi abanamakhono, abahlukile ezweni lonke - A. Tidemann ekudwebeni, uG. Ibsen, B. Bjornson, G. Wergeland no-O. Vigne ezincwadini. "Eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule, iNorway iye yabhekana nokukhuphuka okunjalo emkhakheni wezincwadi okungekho elinye izwe ngaphandle kweRussia elingaziqhayisa ngakho," kubhala uF. Engels ngo-XNUMX. "... Abantu baseNorway benza okuningi kakhulu kunabanye, futhi babeka isitembu sabo nasezincwadini zabanye abantu, hhayi okungenani ngesiJalimane."

UGrieg wazalelwa eBergen, lapho uyise esebenza khona njengommeli waseBrithani. Unina, owayengumdlali wopiyano onesiphiwo, waqondisa izifundo zomculo zika-Edward, wagxilisa kuye uthando ngoMozart. Elandela iseluleko somdlali wevayolini odumile waseNorway u-U. Bull, uGrieg ngo-1858 wangena eLeipzig Conservatory. Nakuba uhlelo lokufundisa lunganelisekanga ngokugcwele le nsizwa, eyangena emculweni wothando kaR Schumann, F. Chopin noR. Wagner, iminyaka yokufunda ayizange idlule ngaphandle komkhondo: wajoyina isiko laseYurophu, wandisa umculo wakhe womculo. ama-horizons, kanye namasu ochwepheshe angochwepheshe. Esikhungweni se-conservatory, uGrieg wathola abeluleki abazwelayo ababehlonipha ithalente lakhe (K. Reinecke ekuqambeni, E. Wenzel kanye no-I. Moscheles kupiyano, M. Hauptmann ngokombono). Kusukela ngo-1863, uGrieg ubelokhu ehlala eCopenhagen, ethuthukisa amakhono akhe okuqamba ngaphansi kokuqondisa komqambi odumile waseDenmark uN. Gade. Kanye nomngane wakhe, umqambi uR. Nurdrok, uGrieg wadala umphakathi womculo we-Euterpa eCopenhagen, inhloso yawo kwakuwukusabalalisa nokukhuthaza umsebenzi wabaqambi abasha baseScandinavia. Ngenkathi ezungeza i-Norway no-Bull, u-Grieg wafunda ukuqonda kangcono nokuzwa inganekwane yesizwe. I-Piano Sonata ehlubukayo kwezothando e-E Minor, i-Violin Yokuqala Sonata, Ama-Humoresques wePiano - lena imiphumela ethembisayo yenkathi yokuqala yomsebenzi womqambi.

Ngokuthuthela eChristiania (manje eyi-Oslo) ngo-1866, kwaqala isigaba esisha, esithela kakhulu ekuphileni komqambi. Ukuqinisa amasiko omculo kazwelonke, ukuhlanganisa imizamo yabaculi baseNorway, ukufundisa umphakathi - lena yimisebenzi eyinhloko kaGrieg enhloko-dolobha. Ngohlelo lwakhe, i-Academy of Music yavulwa eChristiania (1867). Ngo-1871, uGrieg wasungula i-Musical Society enhloko-dolobha, emakhonsathini awenza imisebenzi kaMozart, Schumann, Liszt noWagner, kanye nabaqambi besimanje baseScandinavia - J. Swensen, Nurdrok, Gade nabanye. U-Grieg uphinde asebenze njengomdlali wopiyano - umculi wepiyano yakhe, kanye neqembu nomkakhe, umculi we-chamber onesiphiwo, uNina Hagerup. Imisebenzi yalesi sikhathi - i-Piano Concerto (1868), incwadi yokuqala ye-"Lyric Pieces" (1867), i-Violin yesibili Sonata (1867) - ifakazela ukungena komqambi eminyakeni yokuvuthwa. Nokho, umsebenzi omkhulu wokudala nokufundisa we-Grieg enhloko-dolobha wathola isimo sengqondo sokuzenzisa, esingenangqondo mayelana nobuciko. Ephila endaweni yomona nokungaqondi, wayedinga ukusekelwa abantu abanomqondo ofanayo. Ngakho-ke, isenzakalo esikhumbuleka ngokukhethekile ekuphileni kwakhe kwakuwumhlangano noLiszt, okwenzeka ngo-1870 eRoma. Amazwi okuvalelisa omculi ovelele, ukuhlola kwakhe ngentshiseko iPiano Concerto kwabuyisela ukuzethemba kukaGrieg: “Qhubekani nihamba ngomoya ofanayo, nginitshela lokhu. Unayo idatha yalokhu, futhi ungazivumeli ukuba wesabe! – la mazwi azwakala njengesibusiso kuGrieg. Umfundaze wokuphila impilo yonke, uGrieg awuthola ngo-1874, wenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukunciphisa ikhonsathi yakhe kanye nemisebenzi yokufundisa enhloko-dolobha, futhi aye eYurophu kaningi. Ngo-1877 uGrieg washiya iChristiania. Enqaba isicelo sabangane sokuyozinza e-Copenhagen nase-Leipzig, wancamela ukuphila eyedwa nokufunda e-Hardanger, enye yezindawo ezingaphakathi eNorway.

Kusukela ngo-1880, uGrieg wazinza eBergen nasezindaweni ezizungezile e-villa "Trollhaugen" ("Troll Hill"). Ukubuyela ezweni lakubo kwaba nomphumela onenzuzo esimweni sokudala somqambi. Inkinga ngasekupheleni 70s. wadlula, uGrieg waphinde wabhekana nokwanda kwamandla. Ekuthuleni kwe-Trollhaugen, ama-suites amabili we-orchestral "Peer Gynt", i-quartet yezintambo ku-G minor, i-suite "Kusukela esikhathini sika-Holberg", izincwadi zokubhalela ezintsha ze-"Lyric Pieces", ezothando nemijikelezo yezwi. Kuze kube yiminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe, imisebenzi yokufundisa kaGrieg yaqhubeka (ehola amakhonsathi omphakathi womculo waseBergen Harmony, ehlela umkhosi wokuqala womculo waseNorway ngo-1898). Umsebenzi womqambi ogxilile wathathelwa indawo izinkambo (eJalimane, e-Austria, eNgilandi, eFrance); baba nesandla ekusabalaleni komculo waseNorway eYurophu, baletha ukuxhumana okusha, ukujwayelana nabaqambi abakhulu besikhathi samanje - I. Brahms, C. Saint-Saens, M. Reger, F. Busoni, nabanye.

Ngo-1888 uGrieg wahlangana noP. Tchaikovsky eLeipzig. Ubungane babo obuhlala isikhathi eside babusekelwe, ngokusho kukaTchaikovsky, “ekuhlotsheni okungaphakathi okungangabazeki kwezimo ezimbili zomculo.” Kanye noTchaikovsky, uGrieg waklonyeliswa ngeziqu zobudokotela ezihlonishwayo eNyuvesi yaseCambridge (1893). I-overture kaTchaikovsky ethi "Hamlet" inikezelwe kuGrieg. Umsebenzi womqambi waphothulwa amaHubo Amane kuya ku-Old Norwegian Melodies ye-baritone kanye nekhwaya exubile i-cappella (1906). Isithombe sezwe lakubo ebunyeni bemvelo, amasiko angokomoya, izinganekwane, ezedlule nezamanje zaziphakathi komsebenzi kaGrieg, eqondisa konke ukusesha kwakhe. “Ngivame ukwamukela ngokwengqondo yonke iNorway, futhi lokhu kimina kuyinto ephakeme kakhulu. Awukho umoya omkhulu ongathandwa ngamandla afana nemvelo! Ukwenziwa okujule kakhulu nokuphelele ngobuciko kwesithombe esidumile sezwe likamama kwakuyizingoma ezi-2 ze-orchestra "Peer Gynt", lapho uGrieg anikeza khona incazelo yakhe yesakhiwo sika-Ibsen. Eshiya ngaphandle kwencazelo ka-Per njengomuntu ozihambelayo, umuntu othanda umuntu ngamunye kanye nehlubuki, uGrieg udale inkondlo enamaculo ekhuluma ngeNorway, wacula ubuhle bemvelo yayo (“Morning”), wapenda izithombe zezinganekwane ezixakile (“Emhumeni wentaba inkosi"). Incazelo yezimpawu zaphakade zezwe lakubo yatholwa yizithombe ezinezingoma zikamama kaPer - u-Oze omdala - nomakoti wakhe uSolveig ("Ukufa kuka-Oze" kanye "noLullaby kaSolveig").

Ama-suites abonisa okwangempela kolimi lwesiGrigovian, olujwayelanisa amaphimbo endabuko yaseNorwegian, ubuciko besici somculo esigxilile nesinamandla, lapho kuvela khona isithombe esiyingqopha-mlando esinezici eziningi uma kuqhathaniswa nemidwebo emifushane ye-orchestra encane. Amasiko wezithombe ezincane zohlelo luka-Schumann athuthukiswa yi-Lyric Pieces yepiyano. Imidwebo yezindawo ezisenyakatho (“Entwasahlobo”, “Nocturne”, “Ekhaya”, “The Bells”), uhlobo nemidlalo yezinhlamvu (“Lullaby”, “Waltz”, “Butterfly”, “Brook”), abalimi baseNorway imidanso (“Halling”, “Springdance”, “Gangar”), abalingiswa abamnandi bezinganekwane (“Procession of the Dwarves”, “Kobold”) kanye nemidlalo yezingoma empeleni (“Arietta”, “Melody”, “Elegy”) - izwe elikhulu lezithombe lithwetshulwe kulamadayari omqambi wezingoma.

Ipiyano encane, ezothando nengoma kwakha isisekelo somsebenzi womqambi. Amaparele angempela ezingoma zikaGrigov, asuka ekucabangeni okukhanyayo, ukubonakaliswa kwefilosofi kuya kumfutho oshisekayo, iculo, kwakuyizothando "I-Swan" (Art. Ibsen), "Dream" (Art. F. Bogenshtedt), "I Love You" ( Art. G. X Andersen). Njengabaqambi abaningi bothando, uGrieg uhlanganisa amazwi amancane abe yimijikelezo - "EmaRock naseFjords", "Norway", "Intombazane Evela Ezintabeni", njll. Iningi lezothando lisebenzisa imibhalo yezimbongi zaseScandinavia. Ukuxhumana nezincwadi zikazwelonke, i-epic yamaqhawe yaseScandinavia nayo yabonakala emisebenzini yezwi nezinsimbi yabacula ngabodwa, ikwaya kanye ne-orchestra esekelwe emibhalweni kaB. Bjornson: "Emasangweni esigodlo sezindela", "Buyela ezweni", "Olaf Trygvason” (ikhasi 50).

Imisebenzi yezinsimbi yamafomu amakhulu e-cyclic imaka ingqopha-mlando ebaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni komqambi. Ikhonsathi yopiyano, eyavula inkathi yokuchuma kokudala, yayingesinye sezigigaba eziphawulekayo emlandweni wohlobo lomculo endleleni esuka kumakhonsathi ka-L. Beethoven eya ku-P. Tchaikovsky no-S. Rachmaninov. Ububanzi be-symphonic yentuthuko, isikali se-orchestral somsindo sibonakalisa i-String Quartet ku-G minor.

Umuzwa ojulile wemvelo yevayolini, insimbi edume kakhulu emculweni wesintu waseNorwegian nochwepheshe, utholakala kuma-sonatas amathathu evayolini nepiyano - ku-light-idyllic Okokuqala; Oguquguqukayo, onemibala egqamile yezwe Okwesibili kanye Neyesithathu, emi phakathi kwemisebenzi emangalisayo yomqambi, kanye nepiyano i-Ballade ngendlela yokuhluka emiculo yomdabu yase-Norwegian, i-Sonata ye-Cello ne-Piano. Kuyo yonke le mijikelezo, izimiso ze-sonata dramaturgy zisebenzisana nezimiso ze-suite, umjikelezo wezithombe ezincane (okusekelwe ekushintsheni kwamahhala, "uchungechunge" lweziqephu eziphikisanayo ezithwebula izinguquko ezingazelelwe emibonweni, zithi zakha "uchungechunge lwezimanga. ”, ngamazwi kaB. Asafiev).

I-suite genre ibusa umsebenzi kaGrieg we-symphonic. Ngaphandle kwama-suites "Peer Gynt", umqambi wabhala i-suite ye-orchestra yezintambo "From the Time of Holberg" (ngendlela yama-suites amadala ka-Bach no-Handel); “Imidanso ye-Symphonic” kuzindikimba zesi-Norwegian, iqembu elisuka emculweni kuya kudrama ka-B. Bjornson ethi “Sigurd Jorsalfar”, njll.

Umsebenzi kaGrieg washeshe wathola indlela eya kubalaleli abavela emazweni ahlukene, kakade kuma-70s. yekhulu leminyaka elidlule, yaba intandokazi futhi yangena ngokujulile empilweni yomculo yaseRussia. "UGrieg ukwazile ukuzizuzela izinhliziyo zaseRussia ngokushesha naphakade," kubhala uTchaikovsky. "Emculweni wakhe, ogcwele i-melancholy ekhangayo, ebonisa ubuhle bemvelo yaseNorway, ngezinye izikhathi ububanzi obukhulu futhi obukhulu, ngezinye izikhathi grey, isizotha, imbi, kodwa ehlala ithandeka ngendlela emangalisayo emphefumulweni wasenyakatho, kukhona okuseduze nathi, sithandwa, ngokushesha sithola ezinhliziyweni zethu ukusabela okufudumele, okunozwela.

I. Okhalova

• Impilo nomsebenzi kaGrieg →
• Ipiyano kaGrieg iyasebenza →
• Ubuciko be-Chamber-instrumental be-Grieg →
• Ezothando nezingoma zikaGrieg →
• Izici zomculo wesintu waseNorway kanye nomthelela wawo kusitayela sikaGrieg →

Impilo nendlela yokudala

U-Edvard Hagerup Grieg wazalwa ngo-June 15, 1843. Okhokho bakhe bangamaScots (ngegama likaGreig). Kodwa umkhulu naye wazinza eNorway, wakhonza njengenxusa laseBrithani edolobheni laseBergen; isikhundla esifanayo sasiphethwe uyise womqambi. Umndeni wawungowomculo. Umama - umdlali wopiyano onekhono - wazifundisa izingane umculo. Kamuva, ngaphezu kuka-Edward, umfowabo omdala uJohn wathola imfundo yobungcweti yomculo (wathweswa iziqu eLeipzig Conservatory ekilasini le-cello noFriedrich Grützmacher noKarl Davydov).

UBergen, lapho uGrieg azalelwa khona futhi wachitha iminyaka yakhe yobusha, wayedume ngamasiko ayo obuciko kazwelonke, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wemidlalo yaseshashalazini: UHenrik Ibsen noBjornstjerne Bjornson baqala imisebenzi yabo lapha; U-Ole Bull wazalelwa eBergen futhi wahlala isikhathi eside. Nguye owaqala ukunaka ithalente lika-Edward elivelele lomculo (umfana owaqanjwa kusukela eneminyaka eyishumi nambili) futhi weluleka abazali bakhe ukuba bamabele eLeipzig Conservatory, eyenzeka ngo-1858. Ngekhefu elifushane, uGrieg wahlala eLeipzig kwaze kwaba ngu-1862 . (Ngo-1860, uGrieg waphathwa isifo esibi kakhulu esalimaza impilo yakhe: walahlekelwa yiphaphu elilodwa.).

UGrieg, ngaphandle kwenjabulo, kamuva wakhumbula iminyaka yemfundo ye-conservatory, izindlela zokufundisa zesikole, ukulondolozwa kothisha bakhe, ukuzihlukanisa kwabo nokuphila. Ngamathoni amahlaya anesimo esihle, uchaze le minyaka, kanye nobungane bakhe, encwadini ye-autobiographical enesihloko esithi "Impumelelo Yami Yokuqala". Umqambi osemusha wathola amandla “okulahla ijoka layo yonke imfucumfucu engadingekile ayekhuliswe ngayo ekhaya naphesheya,” eyayisongela ngokumyisa endleleni engafanele. “Kulamandla beka insindiso yami, injabulo yami,” kubhala uGrieg. “Futhi lapho ngiwaqonda la mandla, ngokushesha nje lapho ngizazi, ngabona lokho engingathanda ukukubiza ngokuthi ami. yikho kodwa impumelelo…”. Nokho, ukuhlala kwakhe eLeipzig kwamnika okuningi: izinga lempilo yomculo kuleli dolobha laliphezulu. Futhi uma kungenjalo ngaphakathi kwezindonga ze-conservatory, khona-ke ngaphandle kwayo, uGrieg wajoyina umculo wabaqambi besikhathi samanje, phakathi kwabo ayebazisa kakhulu uSchumann noChopin.

UGrieg waqhubeka nokuthuthuka njengomqambi esikhungweni somculo ngaleso sikhathi saseScandinavia - eCopenhagen. Umqambi owaziwayo waseDenmark, umthandi weMendelssohn, uNils Gade (1817-1890) waba umholi wawo. Kodwa ngisho nalezi zifundo azizange zimanelise uGrieg: wayefuna izindlela ezintsha kwezobuciko. Ukuhlangana no-Rikard Nurdrok kwasiza ukuwathola - "njengokungathi iveli liwile emehlweni ami," esho. Abaqambi abancane bafunga ukuthi bazonikela ngakho konke ekuthuthukisweni kwesizwe Norwegian beqala emculweni, bamemezela umzabalazo ongenasihawu ngokumelene ne-"Scandinavism" ethambile yothando, eyabeka ithuba lokuveza lesi siqalo. Ukusesha kobuciko kukaGrieg kwasekelwa ngemfudumalo ngu-Ole Bull - phakathi nohambo lwabo oluhlanganyelwe eNorway, wafaka umngane wakhe osemncane izimfihlo zobuciko besintu.

Izifiso ezintsha zemibono aziphuzanga ukuba nomthelela emsebenzini womqambi. Kuphiyano "Ama-Humoresques". 6 kanye ne-sonata op. 7, kanye naku-violin sonata op. 8 kanye ne-Overture “Ekwindla” op. 11, izici zomuntu ngamunye zesitayela sikaGrieg sezivele zivezwe ngokucacile. Wabathuthukisa kakhulu esikhathini esilandelayo sempilo yakhe ehambisana noChristiania (manje ose-Oslo).

Kusukela ngo-1866 kuya ku-1874, lesi sikhathi esinzima kakhulu somculo, ukwenza kanye nokuqamba umsebenzi saqhubeka.

Emuva eCopenhagen, kanye noNurdrok, uGrieg wahlela umphakathi wase-Euterpe, owazibekela umgomo wokuthuthukisa imisebenzi yabaculi abasha. Lapho ebuyela ezweni lakubo, enhloko-dolobha yaseNorway, Christiania, Grieg wanika imisebenzi yakhe yomculo nezenhlalo ububanzi. Njengenhloko yePhilharmonic Society, wafuna, kanye nezakudala, ukugxilisa ezilalelini isithakazelo nothando ngemisebenzi kaSchumann, Liszt, Wagner, amagama abo ayengakaziwa eNorway, kanye nomculo kaSchumann. Ababhali baseNorwegian. UGrieg naye wadlala njengomdlali wopiyano enza eyakhe imisebenzi, ngokuvamile ebambisene nomkakhe, umculi wegumbi uNina Hagerup. Imisebenzi yakhe yomculo neyokufundisa yayihambisana nomsebenzi onzima njengomqambi. Kwakuphakathi nale minyaka lapho ebhala khona iculo elidumile lekhonsathi yepiyano. 16, Ivayolin Yesibili Sonata, op. 13 (enye yezingoma zakhe ezithandwa kakhulu) futhi iqala ukushicilela uchungechunge lwezincwadi zezingcezu zezwi, kanye nama-piano miniatures, kokubili umdanso we-lyrical nowesintu.

Umsebenzi omkhulu nothelayo kaGrieg eChristiania, nokho, awuzange uthole ukuqashelwa komphakathi okufanele. Wayenabambisene nabo abamangalisayo emzabalazweni wakhe ovuthayo wokushisekela izwe wobuciko bezwe bentando yeningi - okokuqala, umqambi uSvensen nomlobi uBjornson (wayehlotshaniswa nalaba bamuva iminyaka eminingi yobungane), kodwa futhi nezitha eziningi - abashisekeli be-inert bakudala, owasibekela iminyaka yakhe yokuhlala eChristiania ngamacebo abo. Ngakho-ke, usizo lobubele uLiszt amnikeza lona lwagxiliswa ngokukhethekile enkumbulweni kaGrieg.

U-Liszt, ethathe isikhundla se-abbot, wayehlala phakathi nale minyaka eRoma. Wayengazi mathupha uGrieg, kodwa ekupheleni kuka-1868, esezijwayele ngeViolin yakhe yokuqala Sonata, ehlaselwe ukusha komculo, wathumela incwadi eshisekayo kumbhali. Le ncwadi yadlala indima enkulu emlandweni kaGrieg: Ukusekelwa kukaLiszt kokuziphatha kwaqinisa isikhundla sakhe sombono kanye nobuciko. Ngo-1870, bahlangana mathupha. Umngane ohloniphekile futhi ophanayo wakho konke onekhono emculweni wesimanje, owasekela ngokufudumele labo abahlonziwe kazwelonke eqala ekudaleni, uLiszt wamukele ngokufudumele ikhonsathi yepiyano esanda kuqedwa kaGrieg. Wathi kuye: “Qhubeka, unayo yonke imininingwane yalokhu, futhi - ungakuvumeli ukuba wesabe! ..".

Etshela umkhaya wakhe ngomhlangano noLiszt, uGrieg wanezela: “La mazwi abaluleke kakhulu kimi. Kufana nesibusiso. Futhi izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa, ezikhathini zokudumazeka nokumunyu, ngizokhumbula amazwi akhe, futhi izinkumbulo zaleli hora zizongisekela ngamandla omlingo ezinsukwini zokuvivinywa.

UGrieg waya e-Italy ngomfundaze wombuso awuthola. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, kanye noSwensen, wathola impesheni yokuphila kwakhe konke evela kuhulumeni, eyamkhulula esidingweni sokuba nomsebenzi waphakade. Ngo-1873, uGrieg washiya iChristiania, futhi ngonyaka olandelayo wazinza endaweni yakubo yaseBergen. Inkathi elandelayo, yokugcina, ende yokuphila kwakhe iqala, ephawulwa impumelelo enkulu yokudala, ukuqashelwa komphakathi ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe. Lesi sikhathi sivula ngokudalwa komculo we-Ibsen's play "Peer Gynt" (1874-1875). Yilo mculo owenza igama likaGrieg laduma eYurophu. Kanye nomculo we-Peer Gynt, i-piano ballad op ehlaba umxhwele kakhulu. 24, iyunithi yezinhlamvu ze-quartet op. 27, suite “From the time of Holberg” op. 40, uchungechunge lwezincwadi zokubhalela zezingcezu zepiyano kanye nezinhlamvu zezwi, lapho umqambi ngokuya ephendukela emibhalweni yezimbongi zaseNorway, neminye imisebenzi. Umculo kaGrieg uthola ukuthandwa okukhulu, ungena esiteji sekhonsathi nempilo yasekhaya; imisebenzi yakhe ishicilelwe enye yezindawo zokushicilela zaseJalimane ezidume kakhulu, inani lohambo lwamakhonsathi liyaphindaphindeka. Ngokuqaphela ukufaneleka kwakhe kwezobuciko, uGrieg wakhethwa njengelungu lezikole eziningana: isiSwidi ngo-1872, uLeiden (eHolland) ngo-1883, isiFulentshi ngo-1890, kanye noTchaikovsky ngo-1893 - udokotela waseCambridge University.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uGrieg uya ngokuya ebalekela impilo enomsindo yenhloko-dolobha. Mayelana nalolu hambo, kufanele avakashele eBerlin, Vienna, Paris, London, Prague, Warsaw, kuyilapho eNorway ehlala yedwa, ikakhulukazi ngaphandle kwedolobha (okokuqala eLufthus, bese ngaseBergen endaweni yakhe, ebizwa ngokuthi iTroldhaugen, elithi, “Intaba Yama-Troll”); unikela isikhathi sakhe esiningi kwezobuciko. Nokho, uGrieg akawuyeki umsebenzi womculo nowezenhlalo. Ngakho-ke, phakathi neminyaka engu-1880-1882, waqondisa umphakathi wekhonsathi yaseHarmony eBergen, futhi ngo-1898 wabamba umkhosi wokuqala womculo waseNorway (amakhonsathi ayisithupha) lapho. Kodwa ngokuhamba kweminyaka, lokhu kwadingeka kuyekwe: impilo yakhe yawohloka, izifo zamaphaphu zazivame kakhulu. UGrieg wafa ngo-September 4, 1907. Ukufa kwakhe kwakhunjulwa eNorway njengokulila kwezwe.

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Umzwelo wokuzwelana okujulile uveza ukubonakala kuka-Edvard Grieg - umdwebi nomuntu. Esabela futhi emnene ekusebenzelaneni nabantu, emsebenzini wakhe wayehlukaniswa ngokwethembeka nobuqotho, futhi, engabambi iqhaza eliqondile empilweni yezombangazwe yezwe, wayehlale esebenza njengentando yeningi eqinisekile. Izithakazelo zabantu bakubo zazibaluleke kakhulu kuye. Kungakho, eminyakeni lapho ukuthambekela kubonakala phesheya, kuthintwa ithonya elibi, uGrieg wasebenza njengomunye wezikhulu ezinkulu kakhulu. namaqiniso abaculi. "Ngimelene nazo zonke izinhlobo "zemibono," esho, ephikisana namaWagnerian.

Ezihlokweni zakhe ezimbalwa, uGrieg uveza izahlulelo eziningi zobuhle ezihloswe kahle. Ukhothama phambi kwengcweti kaMozart, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ukholelwa ukuthi lapho ehlangana noWagner, “lo ngqondongqondo wendawo yonke, omphefumulo wakhe obulokhu uhlukile kunoma iyiphi i-philistinism, ubeyojabula njengengane kukho konke ukunqoba okusha emkhakheni we idrama ne-orchestra.” U-JS Bach kuye "uyitshe legumbi" lobuciko besimanje. Ku-Schumann, wazisa ngaphezu kwayo yonke "ithoni efudumele, esuka enhliziyweni" yomculo. Futhi uGrieg uzibheka njengelungu lesikole saseSchumannian. I-penchant for melancholy nokuphupha emini kumenza ahlobane nomculo wesiJalimane. UGrieg uthi: “Nokho, sithanda ukucaca nokuba mfushane, ngisho nenkulumo yethu yokukhuluma icacile futhi inembile. Silwela ukuzuza lokhu kucaca nokunemba kwezobuciko bethu.” Uthola amagama amaningi anomusa kuBrahms, futhi uqala isihloko sakhe sokukhumbula uVerdi ngala mazwi: "Owokugcina omkhulu uhambile ...".

Ubudlelwano obuhle kakhulu obuxhume uGrieg noTchaikovsky. Ukujwayelana kwabo ngokomuntu siqu kwenzeka ngo-1888 futhi kwaphenduka umuzwa wothando olujulile, kwachazwa, ngokwamazwi kaTchaikovsky, “ubuhlobo obungangabazeki bangaphakathi bezinhlobo ezimbili zomculo.” “Ngiyaziqhenya ngokuthi ngizuze ubungane benu,” ebhalela uGrieg. Futhi naye, waphupha omunye umhlangano "noma ngabe wawukuphi: eRussia, Norway noma kwenye indawo!" U-Tchaikovsky uzwakalise imizwa yakhe yokuhlonipha uGrieg ngokunikela nge-overture-fantasy Hamlet kuye. Unikeze incazelo emangalisayo yomsebenzi kaGrieg encwadini yakhe ethi Autobiographical Description of a Journey Abroad ngo-1888.

"Emculweni wakhe, ogcwele i-melancholy ekhangayo, ebonisa ubuhle bemvelo yaseNorway, ngezinye izikhathi ububanzi obukhulu futhi obukhulu, ngezinye izikhathi ompunga, othobekile, odabukisayo, kodwa ohlale ethandeka ngendlela emangalisayo emphefumulweni wasenyakatho, kukhona okuseduze nathi, sithandwa, ngokushesha okutholakala enhliziyweni yethu impendulo efudumele, ezwelayo ... Ingakanani imfudumalo nothando emishwaneni yakhe emnandi, - uTchaikovsky wabhala ngokuqhubekayo, - ukuthi uyisihluthulelo esingakanani sokushaya ukuphila ngokuvumelana kwakhe, ingakanani imvelaphi kanye nemvelaphi ebukekayo ekuhlakanipheni kwakhe, okuthakazelisayo. ama-modulations kanye nesigqi, njengakho konke okunye, kuhlale kuthakazelisa, okusha, okwangempela! Uma sengeza kuzo zonke lezi zimfanelo eziyivelakancane ubulula obuphelele, obungajwayelekile kunoma yikuphi ubuciko kanye nokuzenzisa ... ngakho-ke akumangazi ukuthi wonke umuntu uyamthanda uGrieg, ukuthi uthandwa yonke indawo! ..».

M. Druskin

Ukwakhiwa:

Ipiyano iyasebenza abangaba ngu-150 kuphela Izingcezu Ezincane Eziningi (ikhasi loku-1, elishicilelwe ngo-1862); 70 equkethwe ku-10 “Lyric Notebooks” (yanyatheliswa kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1870 kuya ku-1901) Imisebenzi emikhulu ihlanganisa: I-Sonata e-moll op. 7 (1865) I-Ballad ngendlela yokuhlukahluka op. 24 (1875)

Okwepiyano izandla ezine Izingcezu ze-Symphonic op. imidanso yaseNorway eyishumi nane. 35 Waltzes-Caprices (2 izingcezu) op. 37 I-Old Norse Romance ene-variations op. 50 (kukhona uhlelo lwe-orchestra) 4 I-sonata ye-Mozart yamapiyano angu-2 4 izandla (F-dur, c-moll, C-dur, G-dur)

Izingoma nezothando sebebonke - ngokushicilelwa ngemuva kokufa - ngaphezu kwe-140

Imisebenzi yezinsimbi ze-Chamber I-Violin yokuqala i-Sonata ku-F-dur op. 8 (1866) Ivayolin Yesibili Sonata G-dur op. 13 (1871) I-sonata ye-violin yesithathu ku-c-moll, op. 45 (1886) Cello sonata a-moll op. 36 (1883) I-String quartet g-moll op. 27 (1877-1878)

Imisebenzi ye-Symphonic "Ekwindla", i-overture op. 11 (1865-1866) Piano Concerto a-moll op. 16 (1868) 2 imiculo ye-elegiac (esekelwe ezingomeni zakho) ye-orchestra yezintambo, op. 34 "Kusukela esikhathini sikaHolberg", suite (izingcezu ezi-5) ze-orchestra yezintambo, op. 40 (1884) 2 amasuite (izingcezu eziyi-9 sezizonke) ukusuka emculweni ukuya emdlalweni ka-G. Ibsen othi “Peer Gynt” op. 46 kanye no-55 (ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-80s) imiculo emi-2 (esekelwe ezingomeni zakho) ye-orchestra yeyunithi yezinhlamvu, op. 53 3 izingcezu ze-orchestra ezivela ku-"Sigurd Iorsalfar" op. 56 (1892) 2 imiculo yaseNorwegian ye-string orchestra, op. 63 Imidanso ye-Symphonic eya kuma-motifs ase-Norwegian, op. 64

Imisebenzi yezwi ne-symphonic umculo weshashalazi “Emasangweni esigodlo sezindela” amazwi abesifazane - oyedwa kanye nekwaya - kanye ne-orchestra, op. 20 (1870) "Ukuza Ekhaya" kwamazwi wesilisa - oyedwa kanye nekwaya - ne-orchestra, op. 31 (1872, 2nd edition - 1881) Isizungu se-baritone, i-orchestra ye-string kanye nezimpondo ezimbili ze-op. 32 (1878) Umculo we-Ibsen's Peer Gynt, op. 23 (1874-1875) “Bergliot” yesimemezelo nge-orchestra op. 42 (1870-1871) Izigcawu ezivela ku-Olaf Trygvason zabacula ngabodwana, ikwaya ne-orchestra, op. 50 (1889)

Ama-Choirs I-albhamu yokucula kwabesilisa (amakhwaya ayi-12) op. amahubo angamashumi amathathu nane kuya kumaculo amadala aseNorwegian ekwaya exubile i-cappella ene-baritone noma i-bass op. 4 (74)

Imibhalo yezincwadi Phakathi kwezihloko ezishicilelwe kukhona eziyinhloko: "Ama-Wagnerian performances e-Bayreuth" (1876), "Robert Schumann" (1893), "Mozart" (1896), "Verdi" (1901), i-autobiographical essay "Impumelelo yami yokuqala" ( 1905)