Zurna: kuyini, ukwakheka insimbi, umlando, umsindo, ukusetshenziswa

Ezinye izinsimbi zomculo zithandwa kakhulu kangangokuthi wonke umuntu uzibona ngokuzwa igama noma umsindo. Futhi ezinye zizwakala zinkulu, kodwa zihlala zingaziwa.

Yini i-zurna

I-Zurna iyinsimbi yomoya eyafika kithi ivela eMpumalanga. Igama elithi "zurna" liyafana emazweni amaningi, kodwa lingahluka. Isibonelo, ezinye izizwe ziyibiza ngokuthi "i-surnay". Uma sikhuluma ngokuhumusha, igama lizwakala njengokuthi "umtshingo weholide". Ibukeka njengeshubhu lokhuni elinezimbobo, enye yazo itholakala ngakolunye uhlangothi. Ibukeka njenge-oboe futhi ibhekwa njengenye yezinguqulo zokuqala zensimbi yomculo edumile.

Emazweni lapho i-zurna isetshenziswa khona, yenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ukuma kanye nezinto ezisetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni kwayo zihlukile: izinkuni eziqinile zisetshenziselwa ukwenza i-zurna. Namuhla ithandwa emazweni anjengeGeorgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Tajikistan, kanye naseCaucasus, India naseBalkan.

Izwakala kanjani i-zurna?

Ububanzi bensimbi buncane kakhulu: bufika ku-octave eyodwa nengxenye. Kodwa lokhu kulungiswa umsindo oyingqayizivele, ocebile nokubhoboza.

Ngokungafani ne-oboe, ebhekwa njengesihlobo sayo, inguqulo yasekuqaleni yensimbi ayikwazanga ukufakwa ohlwini lwamathuluzi e-orchestra ngenxa yobubanzi obuncane kanye nokuntuleka kwesikali esigcwele. Isiteshi se-zurna sinesimo se-conical: lokhu kuyayihlukanisa kwezinye izinsimbi zomoya ezidumile phakathi kwabantu. Ukuma kwesiteshi kunomthelela oqondile emsindweni: unamandla, ukhanyayo futhi ngezinye izikhathi unokhahlo. Kodwa umsindo ngokuvamile uncike kumculi: umculi omuhle uzokwazi ukudlala i-zurn, ekhipha imisindo ethambile, emnandi futhi emnene.

Umlando

Ithuluzi lilandelela umlando kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kakhulu. Lokhu kufakazelwa yizikhumbuzo zenkathi yasendulo. Ukufana kwayo, okubizwa ngokuthi ama-aulos, bekwaziwa kusukela eGrisi lasendulo. Yayisetshenziswa emidlalweni yeshashalazi, imisebenzi yezempi nemihlatshelo. Ukusuka lapho, ithuluzi laya kwamanye amazwe.

Imvelaphi ye-zurna ihlotshaniswa ne-Near and Middle East, kanye ne-Asia Ephakathi, lapho yasakazekela kwezinye izindawo. Kulezi zindawo, i-zurna iyinsimbi evamile. Weza ezweni lakithi evela kwezinye izifundazwe, kodwa wathola igama eliguqulelwe kubantu baseSlavic - surna. Kuye kwashiwo emlandweni waseRussia kusukela ngekhulu leshumi nantathu, kodwa yehluleka ukugcina ukuthandwa kwayo. Kwathathelwa indawo amathuluzi omculo ajwayeleke kakhudlwana kubantu baseRussia kanye nobuciko bendabuko.

Ukusebenzisa

AbakwaZurnachi bangabaculi abadlala imiculo ngaleli thuluzi. I-Zurna ayisetshenziswa kuma-orchestra e-symphony, kodwa umculo wayo uzwakala umuhle ngesikhathi kwenziwa imidanso yesintu nezingoma, imikhosi enesizotha namaholide esintu. Enye yama-zurnachis icula ingoma, kuyilapho enye idlala imisindo engapheli ehambisana nomsindo. Imisindo ephansi eqhubekayo ezwakala ensimbi yomculi wesibili ibizwa nangokuthi i-bourbon. Umculi wesithathu uvame ukubamba iqhaza ekuculweni, oshaya isigqi esiyinkimbinkimbi esingavamile ngamabhithi.

Inganekwane yase-Armenia ixhumanisa umsindo we-zurna nezinto ezisetshenziswa abalingiswa bendabuko. Ivamise ukuphiwa izinto zemilingo. Kunzima kakhulu ukufeza ukusebenza okulungile kobuchwepheshe kunsimbi yohlanga: i-zurnachi ifunda ukudweba imisindo isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka. Badonsa umoya ngamakhala abo, ngenkathi bekhipha umoya emlonyeni wabo: ukuze wenze kahle umculo, udinga ukufunda ukudlala nokuqeqesha isikhathi eside.