Recorder: kuyini, ukwakheka kwensimbi, izinhlobo, umsindo, umlando, isicelo

Umsindo womtshingo uthambile, uthambile, unomlingo. Emculweni womculo wamazwe ahlukene, kwanikezwa ukubaluleka okukhulu. Umqophi wayeyintandokazi yamakhosi, umsindo wayo wawuzwakala kubantu abavamile. Insimbi yomculo yayisetshenziswa abaculi abazulazulayo, abadlali basemgwaqweni.

Yini irekhoda

Irekhoda iyinsimbi yomoya yohlobo lwekhwela. Ipayipi lenziwe ngokhuni. Kumathuluzi ochwepheshe, kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezibalulekile ze-mahogany, i-pear, iplamu. Amarekhoda ashibhile enziwe nge-maple.

Enye yamamnyuziyamu e-UK inerekhoda enkulu kunazo zonke esebenza ngokugcwele eyenziwe ngophayini ophathwe ngokukhethekile. Ubude bayo bungamamitha angu-5, ububanzi bemigodi yomsindo bungamasentimitha angu-8,5.

Amathuluzi epulasitiki nawo ajwayelekile. Zinamandla kunezokhuni futhi zinamakhono amahle omculo. Ukukhishwa komsindo kwenziwa ngokudlidliza ikholomu yomoya, eshaywa ngembobo ekugcineni. Umtshingo welongitudinal ufana nekhwela ngokukhipha umsindo. Isetshenziswa ezigabeni zokuqala zokufunda. Umndeni uhlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinsimbi ezihlobene nendlela yokudlala: ikhwela, ipayipi, ipayipi.

Idivayisi yokuqopha

Ekwakhekeni kwayo, ithuluzi lifana nepayipi. Ibanga lomsindo lisuka “kuya” ku-II octave ukuya “re” IV. Ihluke kumtshingo ngenani lezimbobo emzimbeni. Ziyisi-7 kuphela. Kukhona omunye futhi ohlangothini olungemuva. Ibizwa ngokuthi i-octave valve.

Omunye umehluko phakathi komrekhoda nomtshingo usekwakheni kwayo. Igama lensimbi lalibangelwa ukhokho wokhuni owakhiwe kudivayisi yekhwelo - i-block. Ivala ukufinyelela kwamahhala emfudlaneni yomoya, iwudlulise ngesiteshi esincane. Ukudlula esikhaleni, umoya ungena emgodini ngesiphelo esibukhali. Kuleli bhulokhi, ukusakazwa komoya kuyahlukaniswa, kudala ukudlidliza komsindo. Uma ubamba zonke izimbobo ngesikhathi esisodwa, uthola umsindo ophansi kakhulu.

Irekhoda ye-soprano ingummeleli ozwakalayo ogcwele womndeni wethusi onesilinganiso esigcwele se-chromatic. Ishunwa ngokujwayelekile kumanothi athi “do” kanye no-“fa”, aqoshwe kumaphuzu ngomsindo wangempela.

Umlando

Ulwazi mayelana nokurekhoda luboniswa kumadokhumenti enkathi ephakathi. Insimbi yayisetshenziswa abaculi abahambahambayo. Ngomsindo othambile we-velvety e-Italy, wayebizwa ngokuthi "ipayipi elithambile". Ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX, kwavela umculo wokuqala weshidi lokurekhoda. Ngemva kwezinguquko eziningi zokuklama, yaqala ukuzwakala kangcono. Ukubonakala kwembobo ohlangothini olungemuva kwanweba i-timbre, kwayenza yaba velvety, inothile, futhi ilula.

I-heyday yerekhoda yafika maphakathi nekhulu lesi-XNUMX. Khona-ke abaqambi abadumile kakhulu basebenzisa insimbi ukunikeza imisebenzi ukunambitheka okukhethekile. Kodwa ngemva kwamashumi ambalwa eminyaka, yathathelwa indawo umtshingo ovundlayo, onomsindo omkhulu ohlukahlukene.

Inkathi yokuvuselela "yepayipi elithambile" yaqala lapho ukwakhiwa kwama-ensembles acula umculo wangempela. Namuhla isetshenziselwa ukwenza umculo we-rock ne-pop, imisebenzi yobuhlanga.

Izinhlobo zamarekhodi nomsindo wazo

Kukhona uhlelo lwesiJalimane (isiJalimane) kanye nesiNgisi (Baroque) sesakhiwo sepayipi longitudinal. Umehluko phakathi kwazo ubukhulu bemigodi yesine neyesihlanu. Irekhoda yesistimu yesiJalimane kulula ukuyiqonda. Ngokuvala zonke izimbobo futhi uzivule ngokushintshana, ungadlala isikali. Ububi besistimu yaseJalimane ubunzima bokukhipha amanye ama-semitones.

Ipayipi lesistimu ye-baroque lizwakala lihlanzekile. Kodwa ngisho nokwenziwa kwamathoni ayisisekelo, iminwe eyinkimbinkimbi iyadingeka. Amathuluzi anjalo asetshenziswa ochwepheshe, abaqalayo bayelulekwa ukuthi baqale ngohlelo lwesiJalimane.

Umehluko ukhona futhi ohlotsheni lwe-tonality. Amapayipi afika ngobude obuhlukahlukene - afinyelela ku-250 mm. Izinhlobonhlobo zinquma ithoni. Ngokuya ngephimbo, izinhlobo ezijwayelekile ziyi:

• i-soprano;
• i-soprano;
• i-alto;
• i-tenor;
• kakhulu.

Izinhlobo ezahlukene zingazwakala ngaphakathi kweqoqo elifanayo. Ukubamba iqhaza ngesikhathi esisodwa kwamapayipi wezinhlelo ezahlukene kukuvumela ukuthi wenze umculo oyinkimbinkimbi.

Ipayipi le-alto longitudinal lizwakala i-octave ngaphansi kwe-sopranino. I-soprano ishunwa ngo-C kuya ku-octave yokuqala futhi ibhekwa njengohlobo oluvame kakhulu "lomtshingo omnene".

Okungajwayelekile ezinye izinhlobo:

• i-subcontrabass ohlelweni lwe-"fa" lwe-counteroctave;
• i-bass enkulu noma i-grossbass - ishunwe "kuya" ku-octave encane;
• i-harkline - ibanga eliphakeme kakhulu esikalini sika-F;
• i-sub-contrabass - umsindo ophansi kakhulu ku-"fa" ye-contra-octave;
• i-subgrossbass - ohlelweni C lwe-octave enkulu.

Ikhulu lesi-XNUMX esikweni lomculo laphawulwa ukubuya kwerekhoda. Insimbi yayisetshenziswa ngenkuthalo abadlali abadumile: Frans Bruggen, Markus Bartolome, Michala Petri. Unikeza imibala ekhethekile ekuqanjweni kukaJimi Hendrix, amaBeatles, amaRolling Stones. Ipayipi longitudinal inabalandeli abaningi. Ezikoleni zomculo, izingane zigxiliswa ngenhlonipho ekhethekile ngensimbi amakhosi ayedlala ngayo umculo, zifundiswa ukudlala izinhlobo ezahlukene zokurekhoda.